2021年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习阅读理解第Ⅱ题专题三推理判断类题目

.PAGE下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。专题三推理判断类题目[命题特点]根据文章内容，语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。(1)常用设题关键动词：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，referto，predict，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等。(2)设题常用推理判断的情态动词：can，could，might，would，probably，mostlikely等。[考察重点]表层意思的理解与推理；深层含义的领悟与推理；同时涉及数据推断，知识推断，逻辑结论推断，说明作者态度、观点的推断等。[方法技巧]抓住特定信息进展逆向或正向推断；整合全文(段)信息进展推断；根据上下文逻辑关系进展推理得出结论。1．忠实于原文。2．吃透文章的字面含义。3．对文章外表意义进展分析、综合判断。4．把握句际、段际关系。5．确定推断的范围和位置，细节还是整体推断。Passage1I'vespentoverayearinIndia,andinthose365plusdays,I'velearnedalotaboutgettingaroundIndiancities.Mybiggestlessonshavebeenlearnedthroughbeingcheated,particularlybytaxiandrickshaw(人力车)drivers,butthatdoesn'tmeanthosearebadwaystotravel,aslongasyouknowwhatyou'redoing.BelowarethebestwaystogetaroundthecityofDelhi,India,andtipsforhowtokeepfrombeingthevictimofscams(欺诈)．TakingtaxisisagreatwaytogetaroundthecityofDelhiandchancesare,ifyouarriveinDelhibyplane,assoonasyoumakeitthroughcustoms,you'llbeswarmedbyIndiantaxidrivers.AttheDelhiairport,besuretoarrangeforataxitoyourhotelatoneofthetwoDelhiTrafficPoliceTaxiBooths.Oneisinsidetheairport,andtheotherisoutside.Thekeyistomakesuretogotoaboothrunbythepolice,ratherthanbyindependenttaxidrivers.RickshawsareoneofmyfavouritewaystogetaroundIndiancities,inpartbecauseit'showthelocalsoftentravel.Auto－rickshawsaremorecommon,butbicyclerickshawsarestillusedinOldDelhi.Ifyoudohaveachancetotakeabicyclerickshaw,youshoulddoitatleastonceforauniqueexperiencethatshouldonlysetyoubackabout15rupees.Auto－rickshawratesaroundDelhirangebetween30and80rupees,dependingonthedistance.IfyoureallywanttotravelaroundDelhilikethelocals,takeapublicbus.Indianbusesbecomeverycrowdedandmostdonothaveairconditioning.Theyare,however,verycheap.Abustripwon'tsetyoubackanymorethan15rupees,aslongasyoustaywithinthecitylimits.SinceIndianbusesgetsocrowded,trytoboardthebusatthestartoftheroutesoyoucangetaseat.ThetrainisagreatwaytogetaroundwithinthecityofDelhi.Faresarereasonable,between6and22rupees.AlldepartureannouncementsareinbothHindiandEnglish,andtokenscanbepurchasedforbetween6and22rupees.【语篇解读】本文作者就自己在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。1．Theauthoristryingto________inDelhithroughthistext.A．givesomeadviceoftravellingB．expectustotravelaroundC．showhis/herexperiencesD．explainthedifficultiesoftravelling解析：通读全文，我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的一些问题。因此，本文的写作目的也就是要给读者提出建议。答案：A2．Toavoidbeingcheated,yououghtto________ifyouwanttotakeataxiattheDelhiairport.A．paymoretothedriverstokeepsafeB．showyourtickettothedriverC．gotoapolice－runboothD．gooutoftheairport解析：根据第二段的最后一句可知，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。答案：C3．Theauthorsuggeststakingarickshawinorderto________．A．savesomemoneyB．enjoythecomfortabletripC．gainauniqueexperienceD．helpthelocalrickshawdrivers解析：根据第三段的第三句可知，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。答案：C4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Youwon'thavetopaymuchifyoutravelaroundbybusinIndia.B．Itwillbedifficultforyoutogetaseatifyougetonthebushalfway.C．Arickshawdriveronlychargeswhateveramountyougivehim.D．You'llhavetospeakEnglishifyoutravelaroundinIndia.解析：根据第四段的最后一句可知，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。答案：B5．Whichmaybethetopicthatfollows?A．HotelrecommendationsinDelhiB．WeatherconditionsinDelhiC．FoodanddrinkinDelhiD．CarrentalsinDelhi解析：由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了关于在德里交通方面防止受骗的几点建议。在给出的几个选项当中，只有D项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面最有可能要讨论的是汽车租赁业务。答案：DPassage2AfellowspeakerfromCalifornianamedGeriflewtoJapan,inherfavouritejeansandacasualjacket,togiveherfirstspeech.Fourteenhourslater,fourperfectlydressedJapanesegentlemengreetedheratNaritaAirport.Smilingandbowinglow,theyhandedhertheirbusinesscards.Withherbaginonehand,Geritooktheircardswiththeother.Shethankedthem,glancedbrieflyatthecards,andputthemintoherjeanspocketquickly.Whenthefiveofthemarrivedatthehotel,theyinvitedGeritoteainthelobby(大厅).Whilesippingtea,thegentlemenpresentedherwithasmallgiftwhichsheeagerlyopened.Shewasthrilledwiththegiftandshoutedexcitedly,“Oh,it'sbeautiful！〞Atthispoint,thefourJapanesegentlemenstoodupand,bowingonlyveryslightly,said“Sayonara〞andleftimmediately.PoorGeriwasleftastonished.Whatdidshedowrong?Everything!Herjeanswerethefirstgaffe.Evenifyou'recomingoffabicycleinJapan,youdonotmeetclients(客人)casuallydressed.ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.InJapan,thebusinesscardisoneofthemostimportantcommunicativetools.Itisalwayspresentedandacceptedrespectfullywithbothhands.However,Geriputtheircardsawaymuchtooquickly.InJapan,peopleusebusinesscardsasaconversationstarter.Youchatabouteachother'scardsandworkanddonotputtheirsawayuntiltheygentlyandrespectfullyplaceyoursinsafekeeping.Puttingitcarelesslyintoherjeanspocketwastheultimatedisrespect.Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.Whatisworse,Gerihadn'tevengiventhemagift!【语篇解读】本文介绍了Geri在与日本人交往中所犯的几个礼仪上的错误。1．InthefourJapanesegentlemen'seyes,Geritooktheircards________．A．excitedly B．embarrassinglyC．politely D．disrespectfully解析：由文章第一段“...glancedbrieflyatthecards,andputthemintoherjeanspocketquickly.〞和第四段的“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.〞可知答案。答案：D2．WhydidthefourJapanesegentlemenleaveGerisuddenly?A．Becausetheycouldn'tbearGeri'sbehaviouranylonger.B．Becausetheyhadfinishedthetask.C．BecauseGerihadsomethingmoreimportanttodo.D．BecauseGerifeltembarrassed.解析：由第五段“Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.〞可推知答案。答案：A3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gaffe〞inParagraph4probablymean?A．Ignorance. B．Sadness.C．Mistake. D．Carelessness.解析：由第三段“Whatdidshedowrong？〞和第四段的“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.〞可推知答案。答案：C4．ThethirdmistakeGerimadewasthatshe________．A．usedherowncardasaconversationstarterB．tookherclients'cardswithonehandC．keptherclients'cardsinawrongplaceD．metherclientsinjeans解析：由第四段“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.〞和“Puttingitcarelesslyintoherjeanspocketwastheultimatedisrespect.〞可推知答案。答案：C5．Whatlessoncanwedrawfromthisstory?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Thinktwicebeforeyoutakeanyaction.C．WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.D．Don'tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.解析：纵观全文可得出答案。答案：CPassage3BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship.Itisaprogrammewhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerable_young_people(ages7～17)withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married,single，withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenotreplacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors:someonetotrust,tohavefunwith,totalkandgotowhenneeded.ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicatapark，cooking，playingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.Theseactivitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondeveloppositiveself－respect，confidenceandlifedirection.BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughouttheworld.Itisthelargestandmostwell－knownprovideroftutorservicesinternationallyandhasbeenoperatingfor25years.EmilyandSarahhavebeenmatchedsinceMarch2021.Emilyisa10－year－oldgirlwhohasexperiencedsomedifficultiesbeingacceptedbyherschoolmatesatschool.“Iwasprettysuretherewassomethingwrongwithme.〞Emily'smumcameacrossBigBrothersBigSistersandthoughtitwouldbeofbenefittoEmilyby“providingdifferentfeedback(反应)aboutherselfotherthanjustrelyingonschoolmatestomeasureherself－worth〞．Sarahwantedtogetinvolvedinavolunteerprogramme.“Igoogleditandfoundouthowtobeapartofit.Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.〞BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoymenttobothEmilyandSarah.TheyloveandlookforwardtotheirtimetogetherandthepartnershiphascertainlyhelpedEmilybemorecomfortableinbeingthewonderful,happyanduniquegirlsheis!【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了BigBrothersBigSisters这样一个工程，该工程为情感上容易受挫折的孩子提供了帮助。1．WhatistheaimofBigBrothersBigSisters?A．Toofferstudentspublicservices.B．Tohelpstudentsimprovetheirgrades.C．Toorganizesportactivitiesforyoungpeople.D．Toprovidepartnershipandfunforyoungpeople.解析：根据文章第一段第二句“Itisaprogrammewhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerableyoungpeople...〞可知，这个工程是“通过让成人陪伴一些内心比拟脆弱的孩子，从而来提供友谊和乐趣〞。A选项是说为学生提供公共效劳；B选项是说帮助学生提高分数；C选项是说为年轻人组织体育活动；D选项是说给年轻人提供友情和乐趣。所以选D。答案：D2．Avolunteerisusuallyexpectedtoworkwithinayearforatleast________．A．24hours B．36hoursC．48hours D．72hours解析：根据文章第三段第一句可知，志愿者要每年至少参加12个月，每个月三到四次，每次花一到四个小时。由此可以得出，志愿者一年之内最少要工作12×3×1＝36小时。答案：B3．AccordingtoEmily'smother，thisprogrammemayprovideEmilywith________．A．advicefromherteachersB．anewwaytoassessherselfC．anewwaytojudgeherschoolmatesD．morecommentsfromherschoolmates解析：根据文章第六段第一句“...by‘providingdifferentfeedback(反应)aboutherselfotherthanjust...’〞可知，这个工程可以向Emily的妈妈提供一些关于她孩子不同的反应，而不是仅仅只依赖同学的评价来评估Emily的自我价值。答案：B4．WhydidSarahwanttogetinvolvedintheprogramme?A．Sheusedtobeavolunteer.B．Sheneededapart－timejob.C．Shefeltabitboredwithherlife.D．Shewantedtogetachallengingjob.解析：根据文章第七段最后一句“...becausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.〞可知Sarah想要通过参加这个工程来找些事儿做，因为有时候生活充满了工作而没有放松。A选项“曾经是一个志愿者〞；B选项“她需要一份兼职工作〞；C选项“她感觉生活有点儿无趣〞；D选项“她想要获得一份有挑战性的工作〞。所以选C。答案：C5．Accordingtothepassage，“vulnerableyoungpeople〞areprobablythosewhoare________．A．popularatschoolB．ratherweakphysicallyC．easilyhurtemotionallyD．confidentinthemselves解析：由文章的第一段可知这个工程可以为这些孩子提供玩伴和乐趣。再由文章的第三段可以得知，这个工程可以为孩子们提高自尊、自信和找准生活方向。再由文章的第五段可以得知，Emily在学校很难被同学承受。综上分析，可以得出，vulnerableyoungpeople是指“情感上容易受伤害的人〞。答案：CPassage4TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld'smostearthquake－prone(有地震倾向的)countriescouldbecomepartofitslong－termenergysolution.WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan'stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanesehigh－techcompaniesareleadersingeothermal(地热的)technologyandexportit,itsuseislimitedinthenation.“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy，〞saidYoshiyasuTakefuji,aleadingresearcherofthermal－electricpowerproduction.ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11th,2021causedareactionagainstatomicpower,whichpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan'senergyneeds,andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies,whichaccountforonly8percent.ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy,followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan'spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.“Wecan'tevendig10cminsidenationalparks，〞saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric,addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,“Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecades－longproject.Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.〞TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington,theUS,believedJapancouldproduce80，000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology,witha70percentmarketshare.In2021,FujiElectricbuilttheworld'slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，因为日本是地震多发国家，国内地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。1．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AlternativeenergiesinJapanB．Theworld'slargestgeothermalplantC．JapantakestheleadingeothermaltechnologyD．Japanthinksofgeothermalenergy解析：文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，所以是围绕地热能的话题展开。应选D项。答案：D2．WhatpercentageofJapan'senergyneedsisgeothermalenergy?A．About8%. B．Below1%.C．Around30%. D．Over80%.解析：从第六段“Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.〞可知，日本地热能供应不到1%，其主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。应选B项。答案：B3．AccordingtoShigetoYamada，thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds________．A．achangeofrules B．financialsupportC．localpeople'shelp D．hightechnology解析：从倒数第四段“...addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.〞可知，要开发地热能，需要将现行的规章制度进展改变，应选A项。答案：A4．Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalong－termprogrammeby________．A．YoshiyasuTakefuji B．HideakiMatsuiC．ShigetoYamada D．YokoOno解析：由第九段“Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecades－longproject.〞可知，HideakiMatsui认为地热能是个长期的工程，应选B项。答案：B5．Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________．A．theworld'sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmericaB．JapanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnologyC．thepotentialofJapan'sgeothermalenergyisgreatD．itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan解析：由最后两段“...believedJapancouldproduce80，000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology...〞可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，应选C项。答案：CPassage5Ablindbabyisdoublyhandicapped.Notonlyisitunabletosee,butbecauseitcannotreceivethevisualstimulus(刺激)fromitsenvironmentthatasightedchilddoes,itislikelytobeslowinintellectualdevelopment.Nowtheten－month－oldsonofDrandMrsDennisDaughtersisthesubjectofanunusualpsychologicalexperimentdesignedtopreventalag(滞后)inthelearningprocess.Withtheaidofasonar－typeelectronicthathewearsonhishead,infant(婴儿)Dennisislearningtoidentifythepeopleandobjectsintheworldaroundhimbymeansofechoes(回声)．Thedeviceisanimprovementofthe“Sonicguide〞，aninstrumentproducedbyTelesensorySystems,Inc.,ofPaloAlto,Calif,andusedbyblindadultsinadditiontoasaneorguidedog.AsadaptedforDennis,itconsistsofabattery－poweredsystemaboutthesizeofahalfdollarthatisonaheadgear.Atransmittersendsoutanultrasonic(超声的)pulsethatcreatesan80degreeconeofsoundat6feet.Echoesfromobjectswithintheconeareperceived(felt)assoundsthatvaryinpitch(音调)andvolume(音量)withthesizeanddistanceoftheobject.Thecloseranobjectis,thelowerthepitch,andthelargertheobject,thelouderthesignal.Hardsurfacesproduceasharpping,whilesoftonessendbacksignalswithaslightlyfuzzyquality.AnobjectslightlytotherightofDennis'sendsbackaloudersoundtohisrightearthantotheleft.Thus,bysimplymovinghisheadrightandleftandupanddown,hecannotonlylocateanobjectbutalsogetsomenotionofitsshapeandsize,thankstothevaryingqualitiesofsoundsreachinghisearsastheconeofultrasound(超声波)passesits_edge.Dennislikestousethedevicetoplayakindofpeek－a－boowithhismother.Standingonhiskneeandfacingherdirectly,hereceivesastrongsignalinbothears.Byturninghisheadaway,hemakesherseemtodisappear.“Fromthefirsttimeheworeit，〞saysMrsDaughters,“itwaslikealightgoingoninhishead.〞WhatremainstobedeterminedishowwellthedevicewillhelpDenniscopewithhissurroundingsashebeginstowalkandventurefurtherintohisenvironment.Meanwhile,Telesensorysystems,Inc.,isworkingonthedevelopmentofsonar(声呐)devicewithsomewhatthesamesensitivityasDennis'forusebyschool－agechildren.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一项针对盲童的学习过程的研究。1．DrandMrsDau