宋代五大名窑和青花瓷 英语

FivefamouskilnsinSongDynastyblueandwhiteporcelainGroup5LihaoChineseceramicsoftheSongDynastyconstitutetheforemostexpressionofceramicart.DuringtheSongperiod,aunityoftheessentialcomponentsfundamentaltotheart:vesselshape,pottingtechniques,glaze,decoration,firingprocesses,andaesthetictheorywereallcombinedinahighstandardofexcellence.whichledtoavarietyofclassicwares,usuallyassociatedwithaspecificregionofChina.Theseincludedthecourt-patronizedfivefamouskilns:Ru(汝),Guan(官),Ge(哥),Jun(钧),Ding(定)wares;

CharmofsongporcelainDingkilnItspasteiswhite,generallycoveredwithanalmosttransparentglazethatdrippedandcollectedin“tears“(蜡泪痕).Duetothewaythedisheswerestackedinthekiln,theedgedremainedunglazed,andhadtoberimmedinmetalsuchasgoldorsilverwhenusedastableware.

Ding

warewasproducedinDingXian,HebeiProvince.whentheSongemperorscametopowerin940,

Ding

warewasthefinestporcelainproducedinnorthernChinaatthetime,andwasthefirsttoenterthepalaceforofficialimperialuse.RukilnRuwaresrangeincolor—fromnearlywhitetoadeeprobin'segg—andoftenarecoveredwithreddish-browncrackles.Thecracklesarecausedwhentheglazecoolsandcontractsfasterthanthebody,thushavingtostretchandultimatelytosplit.Songdynastywasthefirstperiodthatviewedcrazingasameritratherthanadefect.

玛瑙为釉古相传,雨过天晴云破处Ru

ware

wasproducedinRuzhouHenanprovinceforimperialuseandisthemostfamouswareinthefivekilns.名瓷之首，汝瓷为魁北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗2012年香港拍卖会，北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗拍卖2亿港元，刷新宋瓷世界拍卖纪录Junkiln

CharacterizedbyathickerbodythanDingorRuware,Juniscoveredwithaturquoiseandpurpleglaze,sothickandviscouslookingthatitalmostseemstobemeltingoffitssubstantialgolden-brownbody.NotonlyareJunvesselsmorethicklypotted,theirshapeismuchmorerobustthanthefineJunpieces.世上朱砂非所拟，西方宝石致难同。——乾隆Jun

warewasathirdstyleofporcelainusedattheNorthernSongcourtandwasproducedinYuzhouHenanprovinceGuankilnItwasduringthisperiodthatwallsbecomesothinandglazesothickthatthelattersupersededtheformerinbreadth.AstheclayinthefoothillsaroundLin'anwasabrownishcolorandtheglazesoviscus.

Guan

ware,literallymeans"official"ware;socertainRu,Jun,andevenDingcouldbeconsidered

Guan

inthebroadsenseofbeingproducedforthecourt.Strictlyspeaking,however,thetermonlyappliestothatproducedbyanofficialimperiallyrunkiln,whichdidnotstartuntiltheSouthernSongfledtheadvancing

Jin

andsettledat

Lin'an.GekilnGe

wareliterallymeans'big-brother'ware,becauselegendhasitthatoftwobrothersworkinginLongquan,onemadethetypical

celadon

styleceramics,buttheeldermade

Ge

ware,producedinhisprivatekiln.Gewarebasicallycomprisetwotypes—onewitha‘warmrice-yellowglazeandtwosetsofcrackles,amoreprominentsetofdarkercolorinterspersedwithafinersetofreddishlines(金丝铁线).TheotherGewareismuchlikeGuanware,withgrayishglazeandonesetofcrackles.

青花瓷·传世的美丽blueandwhiteporcelain

Itisbelievedthatunderglazeblueandwhiteporcelainwasfirstmadeinthe

TangDynasty.blueandwhitewaresareglazedusingatransparent

porcelainglaze.Thebluedecorationispaintedontothebodyoftheporcelainbeforeglazing,usingveryfinelyground

cobaltoxide

mixedwithwater.

珍珠白沁就烟雨

孔雀蓝映著月光

莹透的素颜

朦胧了琴弦上一缕檀香blueandwhiteporcelainwiththeadventofthe

MingDynasty

in1368,blueandwhitewarewasshunnedforatimebytheCourt,especiallyunderthe

Hongwu

and

Yongle

Emperors.

Blueandwhiteporcelainhowevercamebacktoprominencewiththe

Xuande

Emperor,andagaindevelopedfromthattimeon.(青花首推宣德)BlueandwhiteporcelainstartedtobeflourishingintheYuandynastybecausethecourtliketheplainbluecolorandanplentyofcobaltmaterials.blueandwhiteporcelain

Blueandwhiteporcelainhowevercamebacktoprominencewiththe

Xuande

Emperor,andagaindevelopedfromthattimeon.blueandwhiteporcelainwiththeadventofthe

MingDynasty

in1368,blueandwhitewarewasshunnedforatimebytheCourt,especiallyunderthe

Hongwu

and

Yongle

Emperors.B