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关于英语国家概况第一页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日ContentsGeography1Climate3NaturalResources4People5MajorCities2第二页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日
Watchthefollowingmapcarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors)States(thesmallest&thelargeststate)第三页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第四页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第五页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第六页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日SizeandLocationInthecentralpartofNorthAmerica(exceptAlaskaandHawaii)CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea—9.5millionsquarekilometers;Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict,theDistrictofColumbia—theseatoftheFederalGovernment.
第七页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日States
original48statesAlaskaandHawaiibecamethe49thin1867and50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska—thelargest(1717,854sqkm)RhodeIsland—thesmallestTexas—thelargestonthemainland(695,621sqkm)第八页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日1.ThreeGeographicalDivisionsGeographicalDivisionsCentralpartEasternpartWesternpart第九页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山系).onesixthofthenationalterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel第十页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—formedbytheGreatCordilleraRange(科迪勒拉山系),extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainswithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3000metersabovesealevels.第十一页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheGreatCentralPlain(中部大平原)BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewesthalfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls第十二页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第十三页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日ThefiveGreatLakes:LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.LakeSuperior:thelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindLakeMichigan:whollywithinUnitedStatesNiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)第十四页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日NiagaraFalls--locatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.
第十五页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日NiagaraFalls第十六页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日2.MainGeographicalRegions
NewEnglandRegion(新英格兰地区)TheMid-AtlanticStatesRegion(大西洋中部地区)TheSouthRegion(南部地区)TheMidwestRegion(中西部地区)TheWestRegion(西部地区)TheRegionoftheGreatPlains(大平原地区)Alaska(阿拉斯加地区)Hawaii(夏威夷地区)第十七页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日NewEnglandincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncornerfeaturedwithmountains,valleysandriversMassachusetts:thelargestpopulationRhodeIsland:thesmallestinsize,themostdenselypopulatedstateNotafarmingarea,poorsoilEarliestsettlers:EnglishProtestants第十八页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日NewENGLAND
第十九页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheMiddleAtlanticRegionSixstates↗north:NewEngland↘south:thesouthregionImportant:a.¼populationb.1/3productsMarkedbyitsindustry,“IndustrialNortheast”,manylargefactoriesRichinmineralsgoodsoil+temperateclimate=agricultureisimportantManyimportantcities:NewYork,Philadelphia第二十页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheSouthRegion
alargesectionofUS,including11states
favorableclimate→agriculture,greatprofitsbyraisingandsellingcottonandtobaccoThenorth:industrial(工业的)thesouth:agrarian(农业的,土地的)greatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiAtlantaBirmingham第二十一页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日AmericanSouthernArea第二十二页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheMidwestRegionIncludes8statesFertilesoil→abundantcrops→knownasthecountry’s“breadbasket”Center:Chicago,Illinois,thethirdlargestcitySearsTower:at443meters,oneofworld’stallestbuildings第二十三页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheRegionoftheGreatPlainsInclude6statesMarkedbya.thesmallestpopulationb.fewlargecitiesc.vastnessofflatlandd.poorsoile.littlerainsinmanypartsIndiansarenativeshere.1/5ofthecountry’sIndiansarenowlivinginthestateofOklahoma.第二十四页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheWestRegionOccupyavastarea,including11statesTheareaoftheRockyMountains+allterritorywesttotheRockyMountainsasfarastothePacificOceanMountainousarea:muchoftheland,cannotbecultivated↗toohighandmountainous↘toolowanddryCaliforniadominatesthewholeregionPrinciplecities:SanFrancisco,LosAngelesandSeattle第二十五页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日Oregon&California第二十六页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日AlaskaInthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmericaAsaworldofglaciers(冰河),waterfallsandlakesFishingisthechiefeconomymainagricultureoutput—seafoodindustrialoutputs—crudepetroleum(原油),naturalgas,preciousmetals,seafoodprocessing,timber,andtourism,etc.第二十七页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日Alaska第二十八页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日HawaiiTheclimatehereiscomfortableandthetemperatureusuallyremainsclosetotheaverageof24degreescentigradeHonolulu(火奴鲁鲁,檀香山):thecapital,thelargestcityofthesatePearlHarbortouristbusiness—largestsourceofincome第二十九页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日HawaiiHawaiiDance第三十页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第三十一页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日3.RiversandLakesInthesystemofGulf:TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf(墨西哥湾水系).第三十二页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日Knownasthe“fatherofwaters”toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver,hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
(《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》)tellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim,arunawayslave,saileddowntheMississippionaraft.第三十三页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日InthesystemofthePacific:theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiverInthesystemoftheAtlantica.ThePotomacRiver(波托马克河)flowthroughthecapital,Washington
b.TheHudsonRiver
(哈得孙河)linkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYork第三十四页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日ClimateMajority:
temperateSome:
subtropicalzonesOnlyFloridaandHawaii:tropical50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerains,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.第三十五页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresources
amongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,rock,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorth第三十六页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日MajorCities
WhentalkingaboutAmerica,isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith?Andwhy?第三十七页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日Tips:
NewYork—commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD.C.—seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles—secondlargestcityChicago—thewindycitySeattle;Philadelphia;SanFrancisco;etc.
第三十八页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日1.NewYork
LocatedinNewYorkState,isthelargestcityandthechiefportoftheUnitedStates.Fiveboroughs—Manhattan(曼哈顿),Brooklyn(布鲁克林),Bronx(布朗克斯),Richmond(里士满)andQueens(昆斯).theheadquarteroftheUnitedNationsBecameanimportantcityearlyinthelastcentury.AlargeportionofthenationalexportspassedthroughNewYorkharbor.NewYorkhasbecomeoneoftheworld’sbusiestportsandalsothefinancial,manufacturing,andtravelcenterofthecountry.
第三十九页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第四十页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日1.1WallStreetAmerica’sfinancialcenterTheworldfamousNewYorkStockExchange(纽约证券交易所)isacrossthestreetThesymbolofAmericanmonopolycapitalism.第四十一页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日1.2WorldTradeCenterThetallestbuildingintheU.S.andtheworldcomposedoftwobuildings,twinstructures,eachrising110storiesabovethecity’sstreets&collapsedinSeptember,11,2001.第四十二页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日1.3BroadwayBroadwayisanavenueinManhattanasymboloftheNewYorktheatressurroundedbyplayhouses,first-runmovies,nightclubs,hotelsandshops.第四十三页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日1.4StatueofLibertyahugesculpturelocatedonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarboragiftfromFranceonthecentenaryofAmericanIndependenceFormalname:“LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld”(照耀世界的自由女神)第四十四页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日Itpicturesawomanwhohasescapingthechainsoftyranny(thebrokenchainslieatherfeet).Liberty'srighthandholdsatorchthatisasymbolofliberty.LibertywasdesignedbytheFrenchsculptorFredericAugusteBartholdi.Thestatuewasre-assembledintheUSAandwascompletedonOctober28,1886.ThesevenraysofLiberty'scrownsymbolizethesevencontinentsoftheworld.Libertyholdsatabletinherlefthandthatreads"July4,1776"(inRomannumerals),IndependenceDayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
第四十五页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第四十六页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日2.WashingtonD.C.LocatedonthePotomacRiver(波托马克河)governeddirectlybytheFederalgovernment.DistrictofColumbia—namedafterChristopherColumbuscity—namedafterGeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentofU.S.
第四十七页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日WashingtonMonument第四十八页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第四十九页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日2.1WhiteHousetheofficialpresidentialresidenceInsidetheHouse,therearemorethan130roomsPortraitsofallthepresidentshangonthewalls第五十页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第五十一页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日2.2Capitol国会大厦ThemeetingplaceoftheUnitedStatesCongress,thelegislatureofthefederalgovernmentofUnitedStatesLocatedinWashingtonD.C.,itsitsatopCapitolHill.第五十二页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日3.SanFranciscoGoldenGateBridgeLocatedonthecentralpartoftheCaliforniashoreline.Centerofoil-refining,automobiles,chemicals,commerce,finance,andshippingindustry.Over300000Chinese,thelargestChinesesettlementinAmerica.第五十三页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日4.LosAngelssecondlargestcityintheU.S.fourtimeslargerthanSanFranciscoimportantelectroniccenterknownforthemanufactureoftires,automobilesandaircraft.SincethefirstAmericanmoviewasmadeinLosAngelesin1908,thecityhasremainedthefilmcenteroftheUnitedStates.Hollywoodislocatedinthiscity.第五十四页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日Hollywood—thebaseofthefilmindustry,isaworldfamousfilmproducingcenter.第五十五页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.DisneylandhasbeenbuiltinCalifornia,Florida,Paris,TokyoandHongKong.第五十六页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日5.Chicagothewindycity;secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork.Foundedintheearly1800s—mainconnectionbetweentheeastcoastcitiesandtheWest.thelargestindustrialcityinthecountry,withhighlydevelopedheavyandlightindustriesthecenterofindustry,transportation,commerceandfinanceintheMidwestarea,alsoaculturecenter第五十七页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日SearsTower(西尔斯大厦)WillisTower,stillcommonlyreferredtoasSearsTowerCompletionin1973,thetallestbuildingintheworld,surpassingtheWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkHeldthisrankfor25yearsTallestbuildinginUnitedStatesOneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinChicagoRenamedWillisTowerin2009第五十八页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第五十九页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日第六十页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日PeopleTheWhite74.7%Asians4.3%TheBlack12.1%MixedRaces2.5%
NativeIndians&Hawaiians0.9%TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld,rankingbehindChinaandIndia.AccordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau(美国人口普查局),theresidentpopulationreachedamilestoneonOct.17,2006,hitting300million.第六十一页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日PopulationUnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregion—thenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea,abouthalfofthetotalpopulation.TheGreatPlains—acomparativelysmallpopulation.TheSouth—apopulationofalmost57.5millionpeople.TheWest—notdenselypopulated;20%ofthepopulationexceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikeLosAngels,andSanFrancisco.第六十二页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日NationofImmigrantsRaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansTheWhiteAnglo-SaxonsProtestants(WASP)TheBlackTheHispanicsTheAsian-Americans第六十三页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日IndiansAbout10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived.Westwardmovement—thedestructionoftheIndians.Todayabout2.4millionIndiansAboutone-thirdofthemliveonreservations,landthatwasset-asideforthem.Therestlivesincities.Povertyandunemploymentaremajorproblems,especiallyonthereservations.第六十四页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日WASPsEuropeandescendantsWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestantswhowerelargelyresponsibleforthewinningofAmerica’sindependence.English—officiallanguage第六十五页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日TheBlackAbout8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820.workonplantationsorlargefarmsoftheSouth.poorandsufferfrompovertyTodaytheblackaccountforabout12%ofthepopulationManyofthemliveintheSouthandinthecitiesofNortheastandMidwest.
第六十六页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日CivilRightsMovementSegregationlaws(隔离法)inSouthernstatesintheUSpreventedblackandwhitepeoplefromsittingtogetherinmovietheatres,eatinginthesamerestaurants,drinkingfromthesamewaterfountain,etc.AlthoughthesearenotAmendment(补充法案)totheUSConstitution,theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinthefederalcourts.Thecivilrightsmovementsbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful.
第六十七页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日MartinLutherKingablackministeragreatpoliticalandreligiousleaderofthenon-violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s.第六十八页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日OnAugust28,1963,heledover250,000AmericansonamarchinWashingtonD.C.tofightfortheCivilRightsLawtoguaranteeequalityforallpeople,anddeliveredhisbest-knownspeech“IHaveaDream”beforetheLincolnMemorial.ThushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeacein1964.Buthewastragicallymurderedfouryearslater.ByvoteofCongressin1968,thethirdMondayofeveryJanuaryisnowafederalholidayinMartinLutherKing’shonor.第六十九页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日IHaveaDream
Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinAlabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification;onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.第七十页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日Hispanics
—theSpanish-speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates
PuertoRicans波多黎各人Mexican-AmericansCuban-Americans123ThreemajorHispanicgroups:第七十一页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日PuertoRicansTheislandofPuertoRico(波多黎各)
hasbeenanAmericanpossessionsincetheSpanish-Americanwarof1899andPuertoRicanshavebeenAmericancitizenssince1917.BetterjobopportunitiesintheU.S.havedrawnalargenumberofPuertoRicanstotheU.S.,themajorityofwhomhavesettledinthelargecitiesintheeasternseaboard.第七十二页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日CubanAmericansTheCuban-AmericanswhogotawayfromCubaaftertheCubanRevolutionin1959andarenowgatheredintheMiamiarea.Ingeneral,theCuban-Americanshavedonethebesteconomically.TheyleftCubaintheearly60sand,overthepast40years,theyhavecreatedaprosperous“littleCuba”intheMiamiarea.第七十三页,共七十九页,2022年,8月28日Asianimmigrants—Chinese
AmongtheAsianimmigrants,the
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