现代大学英语精读4第二版Unit11

UnitEleven

Soldier’sHeartByLouisSimpsonWhatdidyouanticipateaboutthecontentwhenyoufirstsawthetitle?Soldiers’determinationandwill-power?Solders’patriotismandsenseofresponsibility?

Soldiers’sympathyfortheirfellowhumanbeings?TitleSoldier’sHeartWhatdiditturnouttobe?

adescriptionofthephysicalandpsychologicalscarsthatWWIIlefthimwithWhat’sthemeaningofthetitle?

posttraumaticstressdisorderWarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesUsualThemesofWarLiterature

demonstratingbattlesofwitsandmilitarypowers?extollinganoblepatriotismandheroism?reflectingtheconflictbetweenjusticeandevil?condemninghumanwickedness,crueltyandstupidity?Whatistheauthor’spurposeforwritingthisessay?TextAnalysisThemeAbouttheAuthor

LouisSimpson(1923~)-borninJamaica,in1923-emigratedtotheUnitedStatesattheageofseventeen-studiedatColumbiaUniversity-servedintheSecondWorldWar-continuedhisstudiesatColumbiaafterthewar-wentontoteachatColumbia-widelyacclaimedasapoetandliterarycriticStructureoftheTextPartI.(Para.1--Para.3):Descriptionoftheauthor’swarmemoriesinFranceinthesummerof1944.PartII.(Para.4--end):Descriptionofhislifeimmediatelyafterthewar.PartI(p.1-3)PartII(p.4-11)hisvividwarmemorieshislifeimmediatelyafterthewar--PartIII(p.12-19)hislifeafterbeingdischargedfromthehospital--PartIV(p.20-27)whyhekeptwritingaboutthewarTextAnalysisStructureDetailedstudyofthetextPartI(1-3):hisvividwarmemories士兵们俯卧在地上，空气中充满着各种声音，空中传来刺耳的呼啸声和随之而来的爆炸声。Thismaybeamatterofseconds.Amatteroftime:anextremelyshortperiodoftimeIfthesoundscontinue,themen…(1)Ifthesoundofplanesdoesnotstop,iftheplanesdonotdroptheirbombs,themenwillbeenseendigginginuntiltheydisappearintothefoxholes.Thereisabriefpurringsound,thenarhythmicdrumming.一阵短促刺耳的声音传来，接着是一阵有节奏的轰隆声。如果你当时碰巧和这些人在一起，你会觉得天空似乎正在被撕裂。

Theseactionswillberepeatedmanytimes…这样的行动不会停，只是场景不同罢了，从灌木树篱隔开的小块农田，到满是风车的平坦的开阔地，再到白雪覆盖的森林。士兵们穿过一座座村庄，此时又来到河岸边，划着橡皮艇摆渡过河，最后进入了崇山峻林之中。SummaryofPart1Whyisthepresenttenseusedinthefirstthreeparagraphs?WritingTechniquesinPartI-theuseofpresenttense-theuseofsimile：likeaspeciesofanimal;…asthoughtheairwerebeingtorn-wordsdescribingsounds：shrieks,purring,drumming-wordsdescribingmotions：scraping,vanish,burdened,spreadout,runforward,crouch…wordsdescribingdifferentterrainscoveredbythesoldiers：

smallfields,flatlandscape,forestcoveredwithsnow,river,mountains...Amatteroftime:sthiscertaintohappenatsometimeinthefutureThingswillgetbetter:it’sjustamatteroftime.Amatterofsth/doingsth:needtodosthasapartorresult.Skatingisjustamatterofpractice.amatterofcourse:sthnatural理所当然PartII(4-11):hislifeimmediatelyafterthewarIwasdischargedfrom…(4)todischarge:toallowortellsbtogo退伍

Thejudgefoundhimnotguiltyanddischargedhim.Theyweredischargedforbeingdishonesty.

Ihaveavaguerecollectionof…IseemtorememberthatIsatwithotherstudentsintheroom…recollection:(fml)memoryIhavenorecollectionofmeetingher.Whywashereadingfuriously?Onepersonhaditthat…(5)tohaveitthat…:tosaythatsthistrueRumorhasitthatsheisgoingtogetmarried.Afriendwouldinformme…

tobepickedup:tobefoundandtakensomewheretobequestionedThepolicepickedhimupforspeeding.Whatnametheygiveit...(7)onend:(oftime)withoutabreak;continuously;successivelyInthatdesertyoucandriveformilesonendwithoutseeingasinglesoul.…theyweresparedalong……theywereluckythattheydidnothavetofightalongwar.tobesparedsth:tobeallowednottoexperiencesthdifficultorunpleasant使免于(不愉快的经历)Icouldhavesparedmyselfthetrouble.engagement:abattlebetweentwoarmies交战Post-traumaticStressDisorder(7):apsychiatricdisorderthatcanoccurfollowingtheexperienceorwitnessingoflife-threateningevents,suchasmilitarycombat,naturaldisasters.PeoplewhosufferfromPTSDoftenrelivetheexperiencethroughnightmaresandflashbacks.精神创伤后遗症strikemeasthebest:striken.asn.给予…的印象Theideastrikesmeasastupid.我认为这个想法很愚蠢。passout:tofaint昏倒；失去知觉Thepatientsinthishospital...(8)Thepatientsinthishospitalseldomsawthedoctors.Whatcanitimply?Twooftheguardswere…(9)Chekhov契科夫:Russianplaywrightandoneofthegreatmastersofmodernshortstory.

Oncehewriggledthestump…(9)Oncehewavedwhatremainedofhistriggerfingerundermynosewithasmilethatshowedhewashidingsth.fromotherpeople.This,hegavemetounderstand,…Hemademebelievethatthis(thecuttingoffofhistriggerfinger)wasthereasonwhyhewasabletoescapebeingdraftedintothearmy.togivesbtounderstandthat…(fml)tomakesbbelievethatsthwillhappenorissure使相信；使理解Iwasgiventounderstandthatthetermswerenegotiable.toexcusesbfromsth:tofreesbfromsth免于…;准许不…TheteacherexcusedmefromexercisebecauseIhadacold.Heinformedmethathewas…(9)knockout:

1)打掉了；把…敲出来2)tocause…becomeunconscious击昏一个瘦的皮包骨头，面无表情，右手没有食指。有一次他狡黠地笑着，把他那只断指在我面前晃了晃，以此方式告诉我他当时为什么能免服兵役。另一个矮小结实，肌肉发达，脑袋像个子弹头。Speakingonlyformyself,I…(10)fog:

itmeansastateofmentalconfusiontospeakforsb/sth:

toexpressthethoughtsofsb/sth就…而言AsfarasI’mconcerned,theshocktreatmentswereeffectiveinthattheyhelpedmeregainmysensesandbecomeclear-headed.但对我来说，我觉得这种疗法使我摆脱了我一直以来那种头脑一片混乱的状态。IbelievewithShakespeare…(11)IagreewithwhatShakespearesays,i.e.therearemoreimportantthingsinheavenandintheworld,thingsthataremissinginthephilosophyoftherichandpowerful,thingsthatthesepeoplehaveneverdreamedof.我很同意莎士比亚的话，我相信对于那些服务于这个世界，管理这个世界的各种机构，并因此而发财致富的人来说，天上和人间都有一些在他们的哲学中永远想象不到的东西。SummaryofPartII:hislifeimmediatelyafterthewar-backtotheuniversity-sufferingfromsoldier’sheart-receivinghospitaltreatmentWhatsymptomsdoestheauthorhaveforhis“soldier’sheart”?-Heartbeatingfaster(7)-Tremble,sweat,andonoccasion,passout(7)-Walkinginthefog(10)-Hearingvoices(11)PartIII(12-19):hislifeafterbeingdischargedfromthehospitalForsomeyearsIwas…(13)ForafewyearsIoftenhadthesuddenattacksIhavementioned…几年前，前面提到的症状会突然发作。tobesubjecttosth:likelytobeaffectedbysth(unpleasant)容易受…的;常遭…的Theareaissubjecttodroughtandfloodsandearthquakes.Iwouldkeepaneyepeeledfor…(13)Iwouldbeonthealertwatchingcarefullyfor…Theuniversityinformedme…(14)IhadtogothroughexaminationsbytheirdoctortoprovethatIwascapableofresumingstudies.tobeclearedby:togetanofficialpermissionfromsb.大学通知我，返校之前需经校医批准。Youaren’tgoingtobe…Youarenotgoingtobesobusywithyourmusic,areyou?你不会这么忙着搞音乐，是吧？tobetakenupwith:tobeverybusydealingwithsb/sthIdidn’thavethefascination…（15）Ididn’thaveanyinterestingossip.Thereforethejobofareporterdidnotsuitme.Ididn’thavethefascinationwithgossipthatareporterneedstohave---whetheritisaboutaquarrelbetweennationsoraboutapoliticianandhismistress.Whatcanweinferabouthisattitudetowardreporters,politicians,andinternationalpolitics?appealto:find…attractiveThesebooksaredesignedtoappealtochildren.我并不热衷于花边新闻，而这是成为一名记者所必备的条件—不管是国家之间的争端，还是某个政客和他的情妇的花边新闻，记者都要感兴趣。Islippedinbyasidedoor,…（16）tobeparticularabout:topaytoomuchattentiontoortobetooconcernedwithdetails很讲究;很挑剔Sheisparticularaboutherclothes.I’mnotveryparticularaboutfood.SchoolofGeneralStudiesinColumbiaUniversityliberalartscollege;returningandnontraditionalstudentsundergraduatedegreefullorparttime.哥伦比亚大学GeneralStudies学院是美国最好的文理学院，它是美国专为返回生和非传统学生寻求一个严谨、传统、常春藤盟校的本科全日制或非全日制大学而创立的。…fromGcompanytoBattalion.Army;(thearmy,navy;airforce)军队Division师;Brigade旅;Regiment团;battalion营;company连;platoon排;squad班;…atcloserangerange:thedistanceoverwhichaparticularweaponcanhitthetarget射程Along-rangemissile远程导弹Whathavewetocomplainofwhohaveknown“soldier’sheart”?Theterriblethoughtcametohimthatmaybethechildhadbeenkidnapped.Comparedwiththosewhodiedorwereseriouslymaimedinthewar,we,whoonlysuffereda“soldier’sheart”reallyhavenorighttocomplain.我们这些受“士兵心理病”困扰的人还有什么可抱怨的呢？SummaryofPartIII:hislifeafterbeingdischargedfromthehospital-continuingtosufferfromthedisorder-requestforreturningtothecollegeturneddown-backtotheuniversitybyasidedoorPartIV(20-27):WhyhekeptwritingaboutwarTheBattleoftheSomme

(索姆河战役）wasabattleoftheFirstWorldWarfoughtbythearmiesoftheBritishandFrenchempiresagainsttheGermanEmpire

between1Julyand18November1916onbothsidesoftheRiverSommeinFrance.ItwasoneofthelargestbattlesofWorldWarI,inwhichmorethan1,000,000menwerewoundedorkilled,makingitoneofthebloodiestbattlesinhumanhistory.

Itwashellonearth,but…(21)Althoughthesituationwasextremelyunpleasantandhardtobear,themenwhoweresufferingittriedtomakethemselvesfeelbetterwiththethought…hellonearth:人间地狱

ThemenandwomenIworked…(22)ComparedtothepeoplewithwhomIfoughtsidebysideduringthewar,thepeopleIworkedwithatuniversitieswerepaleandunreal.Theytalkedalot,buttheirwordswereemptyandmeaninglessbecausetheyhadnotexperiencedreallife.tobepaleincomparison:toseemsmallorunimportantcomparedtosb/sthelsehollow---filledwithwords:oxymoron我没有忘记我认识的101空降师的军人们。相比之下，我在大学里共事的男男女女们显得苍白，不真实。他们虽然健谈，但空话连篇。

WhatwasItothinkofthenew…(23)我该如何评价新型的大学教授，那些结构主义者、后结构主义者、解构主义者呢？targetlanguage---sourcelanguage目标语—原语foreignization–domestication异化–归化literaltranslation–liberaltranslation直译–意译

insofarasitispossible(24):尽可能；在…的程度IwillhelpyouinsofarasIcan.…warisapermanenthuman…战争是人类永远要面对的一种现象，男人女人都须面对。Itgavemearespectand…（25）使我对那些我从未忘记的所谓普通人心生敬意，并怀有感情。Asifanylifewerecommon!Itisridiculoustothinkthatanylifeiscommon.没有任何人的生命是普通的！asif:usedtosaythatsth.isdefinitelynottrue.Don’tlistentohim.Asifhekneweverything!Theyweredeaftothemusic.(27)tobedeafto:tobeunwillingtohearorlisten置若罔闻；充耳不闻Theheadmasterwasdeaftotheircomplaints.tobedeaftothemusic:无动于衷;对牛弹琴Whatdiditmatter?…假如我唯一能做的事情受到别人的轻视或冷遇，那有什么关系？大多数人对我写的东西不屑一顾，可是这对我来说比其他任何事情都重要。我写的东西对他们来说如同对牛弹琴。这又算什么？我还活着，并做着我喜欢做的事情。PartIV(20-27)Summary:Whyhekeptwritingaboutwar-Youngpeopledidn’trememberthewar-Collegeprofessorswerefilledwithhollowwords-Tworeasonsforkeepingwritingaboutwars-Thewargave“me”poetrytosubjectsth/sb