非谓语动词的用法讲解过去分词的用法

过去分词的用法非谓语动词的用法讲解：1.及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。

(1)

Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。

(2)Heisretired.他已退休。3.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。(3)

Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山。过去分词作表语

【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。

(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用-ing形式来修饰物。(3)ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。过去分词作定语

作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。1.过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。

Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。

2.过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。

Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。(1)Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。(2)Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。

过去分词作状语

1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。

(1)Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

【注意】written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿着）；tiredof（厌烦）。

(2)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。(1)

Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。（given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一个小时。）(2)

Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。）【注意】如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。(1)Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。（thesignal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句主语thebus就不是given的逻辑主语。(2)Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。（herhead是heldhigh的逻辑主语，因此主句主语she就不再是heldhigh的逻辑主语。）

3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。(1)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(caughtinaheavyrain为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.)(2)

Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(growninrichsoil为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。4.过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。过去分词作宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。

(1)

IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；）

(2)

Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found）2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Don’tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：(1)

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）(2)

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）(3)

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）(4)

Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。

过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：1.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill1.时间状语,可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等.2.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Untilspokento2.原因状语1.Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords2.Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened1____time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven2___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedDFounding3Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedDCA4___,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavingbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes5Whenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroducedAB6Thereseemedtobenothing___todobut___forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send7____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere___themselves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohideCD作介词but,expect,besides的宾语，前面又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to8.The___morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,___byhisnaughtyboy.

following,followingB.followed,followedC.following,followedD.followed,following9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse___afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell___careofinthenursery.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;takingCB10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied11.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenDA1.Youcanmakeyourself_______prettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandB.understoodC.understandingD.tounderstandExercise2.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout3.---Ican’tseethewordsontheblackboard.---Perhapsyouneed__________.A.tohaveyoureyesexaminedB.toexamineyoureyeC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.youreyestobeexamined4.Theywokeup,findingeverythingaround________.A.changingB.changeC.changedD.tochange1.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。2.What’sthelanguage___inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。3.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whowereinvited。4.Thecomputercentre,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichwerewritten。例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考链接B解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。2.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded高考链接A解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考链接D解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。4.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考链接B解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/thatsmellssweet。Practice1. Didyouattendthemeeting___yesterday?tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheldDoyouknowthenameoftheplay___inthehallnow?tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingonIborrowedabook____byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite4. Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof___.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthoseCBAA1._____blackandblue,theladycouldn’tmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.TobeatExercises2.____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere____themselves.A.Hunting,hidingB.Tohunt,tohideC.Hunted,hidingD.Hunted,tohide3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_____.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB4.When_______intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.

A.beginsB.havingbegun

C.beginningD.begun6.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03’北京春)

A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring7.Shewassadbecauseof___anychanceleft.A.therebeingnotB.therenotbeingC.nottherebeingD.therewasnot8.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(上海2002)

A.beingknown

B.havingbeenknown

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D.known9._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01’全国夏)

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered10.Before____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedto D.using

11.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02’京皖春)

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.The

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14.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following15.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand____fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen16.___betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand___themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving17.Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When__,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted19.___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding20.Ifoundacar______inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick英语主动形