Unit7 8+Grammar课件【知识点睛+备课精研】 牛津译林版英语八年级下册

ThePassiveVoiceUnit7InternationalcharitiesTheplane__________(use)asatrainingcentre.Thelocaldoctorsandnurses__________(invite)onboardtolearnnewskills.150patients________(operate)on.Mosteyeproblemsanddeseasescan__________(cure).Moremoney_________(need)tocarryonwiththework.isusedareinvitedwereoperatedbecuredisneeded被动语态英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)与被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Manystudents

study

English.(主动语态)English

isstudied

bymanystudents.(被动语态)ThelightswereturnedoffbyTom.Thewindowsarecleanedeveryweek.Millieclosedthedoor.TheTVwasturnedon.Theboymadeamodelplane.Atotal(总数)of8questionsareanswered.orActivePassivePassivePassiveActivePassiveActivePassive主语+be+过去分词

be

有人称和时态的变化。Heis

supported.Weare

invited.UNICRFwas

setupin1946.被动语态的构成结构：主语+am/is/are+Vt的过去分词一、一般现在时态的被动语态口诀：主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词用bedone1.They

make

shoes.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem).把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、TheyspeakEnglish.2、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.Englishisspoken（bythem）.RiceisgrowninSouthChina(bythem).2.I

bought

acomputer

．Acomputer

wasbought(byme).一般过去时态的被动语态的构成：主语+was/were+Vt的过去分词

二、一般过去时的被动语态口诀：主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词用bedonewereplantedThebridgewas把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；1.Theyplantedthesetrees.Thesetrees

.2.Theworkersbuiltthebridgein1968

builtbytheworkersin1968.Tomwillcleantheroom.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom.一般将来时态的被动语态的构成:主语+willbe/begoingtobe/shallbe+V的过去分词三、一般将来时态的被动语态1、Wewillhaveasportsmeeting.2、Childrenwilltakesomephotos.3、Sheisgoingtobuysomefood.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyus.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildren.Somefoodisgoingtobeboughtbyher.e.g.Youshoulddrink

morewater.Morewater

shouldbedrunkbyyou.四、含情态动词的被动语态构成：结构：主语+情态动词（can/may/must/should…）+be+V过去分词1.Lucymaydrawthepictures.2.Youmustturnoffthelights.3.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.被动语态的几种句型1肯定句主语+be+过去分词+(by…)Asweetsongwassungbyheronthestage.2否定句主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…)3一般疑问句

Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)

Asweetsongwasn’tsungbyheronthestage.Wasasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?4特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…)Where

wasasweetsongsungbyher?

用所给动词的被动语态填空:

1)

yourroom________(clean)everyday?2)Ourclassroom__________(notclean)yesterday.3)Bothofthetwobooks__________(lose)lastSunday.4)Thestudents___________(ask)tohandintheirhomeworkontimeeveryday.5)---When

thiskindofcomputer

(make)inHongKong?---In2000.Iscleanedwasn’tcleanedwerelostareaskedwasmade一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。1.Youcandotheworkallbyyourself.Thework_______________allbyyourself.2.Wemustplantmoretrees.Moretrees__________________.3.Weshoulddigalargehole.Alargehole______________.4.Canweputourbikeshere?_____ourbikes_________here?5.Youmustn’tthrowrubbishhere.Rubbish_________________here.6.Wecan’tseemanystars.Manystars___________________.

小结：1.含情态动词的被动结构：______________________.2.疑问句提前_____________;否定句：___________+not.canbedonemustbeplantedshouldbedugCanbeputmustn’tbethrowncan’tbeseen情态动词+be+过去分词情态动词情态动词1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyearP99Leaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).arehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).

weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).

werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).

washeld

bytheStudents’UnionMybike______________(nottake)yesterday.wasnottakenWe_________________(notsupport)bythem.arenotsupportedP100Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.抓关键词确定时态Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuiltactivities/inEnvironmentWeek/alotof/organize/aregoingtoAlotofactivitiesaregoingtobeorganizedinEnvironmentWeek.design/posters/will/bySandyPosterswillbedesignedbySandy.AEnvironmentweekTaskThreePracticetoallthepeople/send/leaflets/inthetown/willLeafletswillbesenttoallthepeopleinthetown.aregoingto/hold/someoftheactivities/inthetownsquareSomeoftheactivitiesaregoingtobeheldinthetownsquare.Lisa:Hi,Harry.There’sgoingtobeanenvironmentshowhere.Harry:Really?Whenistheshowgoingtobeheld?Lisa:(1)____________________________________________(thisFridayevening)Harry:Willtheshowbeheldatyourschool?Lisa:No,(2)___________________________________.(atthetownhall)BEnvironmentweekTheshowisgoingtobeheldthisFridayevening.TheshowwillbeheldatthetownhallTaskThreePracticeHarry:Whowillbeinvitedtotheshow?Lisa:______________________________________________________(somefamouspeopleinourtown)Harry:Whatwillbedisplayedattheshow?Lisa:(4)_______________________________________________________________________(videosaboutthepastandpresentofSunshineTown)Somefamouspeopleinourtownwillbeinvitedtotheshow.VideosaboutthepastandpresentofSunshineTownwillbedisplayattheshow.Harry:Whatwillbediscussedattheshow?Lisa:(5)_________________________________________________________________(waysabouthowtoprotecttheenvironment)Waysabouthowtoprotecttheenvironmentwillbediscussedattheshow.Pollutionisoneofthebiggestproblemintheworldtoday.Inmanyplaces,rubbish(1)___________(throw)intolakesandrivers,somanyofthem(2)____________(pollute).Insomecities,theair(3)________(fill)withpollution.Thismakespeopleill,andmorepeople(4)_____________(hurt)inthefutureifitisnotcleanedup.isthrownarepollutedCPollutionisfilledwillbehurtTaskThreePracticeAswellaspeople,animals(5)___________(harm)bypollution.Landandwaterpollutionkillsmanyanimalseveryyear.Ifwedonotacttoimprovetheenvironment,

morelivingthings(6)_________(kill)bypollution.However,thereissomegoodnews.Ashow(7)___________(hold)atthetownhallthisFridayevening.Allofuswillhaveachancetothinkabouttheworldaroundus.Onthatday,we(8)________(show)howtoprotecttheenvironment.Ifweworktogether,wecanmaketheworldabetterplace.areharmedwillbekilledwillbeheldwillbeshown

a.感官动词see,hear,watch,noticeb.使役动词let,make

c.helphelpsb(to)do

I.感官动词，使役动词,help

——

被动语态中加tosbbeseen/heardtodosthsb

be

let/made

to

do

sthsb

be

helped

to

do

sth1.Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday.2.Ioftenhearhersingintheroom.3.Wesawsomeboysplayingfootball.

Theworkersweremadetoworkallday.

She

is

often

heard

to

sing

in

the

room

.

Some

boys

were

seen

playing

football

.He

teaches

us

English.

主语谓语间宾直宾（1）把间接宾语(即sb)变为主语。WearetaughtEnglish(byhim).（2）若把直接宾语(即sth.)变为被动句的主语时，常在保留宾语前加to或for。Englishistaughttous(byhim).

II.双宾语结构——

主语为物，添加to/forVII.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。

对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)

Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)

Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)1、不及物动词，后面不能直接带宾语，因此不能变被动语态。happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,breakdown,belongto,breakout(爆发）Theaccident______earlythismorning.happenedB.washappenedC.hashappened

TheOlympics__________(takeplace)everyfouryears.takeplaceVIII.不用被动语态的情况必背！

2，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

(1)Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.

Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.

Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

√√√IX.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说……

Itissaidthat…

据报导……

Itisreportedthat…

据推测……

Itissupposedthat…

希望……

Itishopedthat…

众所周知……

Itiswellknownthat…

普遍认为……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议……

Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.

A.teachB.teachesC.