培根筑基15-课下全面练必修第三册UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION

培根筑基15-课下全面练必修第三册UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION1.阅读理解A[2022•贵阳四校高三联考二[NASAastronautBruceMcCandlessIIhasdied.Youmaynotknowhisname,butyou*veprobablyseenhiminoneofthemostfamouspicturesevertakeninspace.In1984,McCandlesscarriedajet-poweredbackpackandflewawayfromtheshuttle,byhimself,untethered（不被绳索捆束的），withtheEarthasabackground.Itwasthefirsttimethatanastronauthadeverfloatedfreelyinspace,andMcCandlesshelpeddevelopthetechnology.BruceMcCandlesshadbeenanastronautforalongtimebeforehefirstflewinspaceaboardtheshuttle.HewasoneoftheoneswhocommunicatedwiththecrewofApollo11.Whilehewaswaitinghisturntoflyinspace,hehelpeddesignwhatbecametobeknownastheMannedManeuveringUnit-abackpackpropulsiondevicethatgaveastronautsmobilityforextravehicular（舱夕卜的）activitiesoutsidetheshuttle.McCandlessfirstwenttospacein1984aboardtheshuttleChallengerandtookthesejet-poweredbackpacksalong.Duringthemission,McCandlessclimbedintothe300-poundcontraption（奇特的装置）andslowlyeasedoutoftheshuttle'scargobayascontrollerslookedon.ItwasfrighteningseeingMcCandlessoutinspacebyhimself.RelativetotheEarth,hewasflyingatalmost18,000milesperhour.Butrelativetotheshuttle,hewasmovingatonefootpersecond.Hesaidhewasn*tnervous.Hefounditeasy.Hehadtrainedforthatmomentforyears,readyforanything.Bytheendofthatspacewalk,hehadmovedlittlemorethan300feetawayfromtheshuttlewhenthefamouspicturewastaken.McCandlesssaidhewasmostproudthatchildrencameuptohimlaterinlifetosaythey'dseenthepicture.Hehopeditwouldinspirethenextgenerationofexplorers.BruceMcCandlessshowedtheway.Hefinishedsecondinhisclassof899attheU.S.NavalAcademyandusedhisengineeringskillstomakespaceflightsafer.Heoncesaidthefirstuntetheredspacewalkwasamixofpersonalexcitementandprofessionalpride.WhatcanwelearnaboutMcCandless?Hewasthefirstmantoflyoutofthespacecraft.B・Hisspacewalkwasnotattachedtotheshuttle.Hisnamewasfamiliartothepublic.Hewasfondoftakingphotos.WhatdidMcCandlessdobeforehisspacetravel?HeinventedtheshuttleChallenger.Hehelpeddesignjet-poweredbackpacks.HeworkedasacrewmemberofApollo11.HetrainedastronautsattheU.S.NavalAcademy.HowdidMcCandlessfeelduringhisspacewalk?A.Calm.B.Stressed.C.Fortunate.D.Exhausted.What'sMcCandlessmostproudof?Beingknownbychildren.Beingchosenasanastronaut.Havingagoodperformanceinschool.Makingacontributiontospacetechnologies.B[2022•唐山市二模]A293-million-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover（探测器）toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture-perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency'sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial（微生物的）lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanetsgravitational（弓I力的）pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere-just1percentthatofEarth's-doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy*s12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees-anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe"sevenminutesofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap-readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy*sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission."Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,“saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision."Whilewelllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples（样本）carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?Thespeedreduction.B-Theatmosphereanalysis.Thelocationsearch.Thetimemanagement.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B・Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A・Thespot.B.Thearea.C.Thesystem.D.Thesurface.WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze'swords?Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.n.七选五[2022•海口市调研考试]HowtostopLifeGettingYouDownThere'sasaying一"Ifyouandeveryoneelsethrewyourproblemsontothepile,you'dtakeyoursbackimmediatelyonceyousaweveryoneelse's."1Othersareprobablydealingwiththeirownproblemsjustlikeyou.Sowhenthingsstarttogetyoudown,howcanyoupickyourselfbackup?2Ifyou'restrugglingorfeelingdown,alwaysrememberthatyoudon*thavetobealone.Youdon*tneedtobeonyourown,either.3Ifyoudon*tfeelabletotalktofriendsorfamily,youllfindsupportgroupsthatcanprovideyouwithideasoratleastlistentoyou.Youllalsofindthatonlineforums（论坛）andsocialmediasitescanprovideopportunitiestoconnectandaskforhelp.Tryoutanewhobby.Hobbiesdon!tjustfilltime;theyalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurpose.Tryoutanewsport,learntodanceorperhapsjoinachessclub.Manyhobbiesalsoprovideopportunitiesforsocialinteraction.—4Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.Thosethathavebouncedbackfromaseriousillnessoftenstatethatthey'vebeengivenanewchanceoflifeandthattheywakeupeachmorningfeelinggratefulforjustbeingabletowakeup.5Gooutfordinnerandmakeeffortstotrulyappreciateyourmealorliebackonyourbed,surroundedbytotalsilence,andsimplyfocusonhowitfeelstobreatheandtorelax.Ifyoucan'tfocusonthesilence,youcaninsteadchoosebackgroundnoise.A・Reachout.B・Turntoyourfriendsorfamily.Badexperiencesarepartoflifeforusall.Friendswillbehappytohelpandmakeyoujoyful.E.Enjoythebeautyofaflowerorasimplesunnyday.Talkingandmakingnewfriendswillraiseyourspirits.Anewattitudetoordinarylifecanmakeyoufeelmorepositive.in.语法填空[2022•郑州市第二次质量检测]Aftertraveling1.spaceforsevenmonths,China*sTianwen-1probe(探测器)hasreachedMarsand2.(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10,2021,accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen-13.theprobewasabout2.2millionkilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”,4.(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu,5.(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”.Tianwen-1,thecountry'sfirst6.(independence)Marsmission(任务)，waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy-liftcarrierrocket,byfarthe7.(large)launchvehicleinChina,fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince,onJuly23,2020.Themission8.(design)tostudythecompositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastandpresentlife.9.willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytocompleteorbiting,landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft-landaroverinMayonthesouthernpartofMars*UtopiaPlanitia10.(conduct)scientificsurveys.详解答案I.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——人物故事一一美国宇航员布鲁斯・麦克坎德雷斯二世【语篇解读】本文主要讲了美国宇航员布鲁斯・麦克坎德雷斯二世使用MMU喷气式背包进行人类历史上第一次没有系绳子的太空行走任务的相关故事。.答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“In1984,McCandlesscarriedajet-poweredbackpackandflewawayformtheshuttle,byhimself,untethered（不被绳索捆束的），withtheEarthasabackgroundn可知，McCandless的太空行走是在没有系绳子的情况下进行的。故B项正确。.答案与解析:B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“Whilehewaswaitinghisturntoflyinspace,hehelpeddesign...abackpackpropulsiondevice”可知，McCandless在进行太空旅行前帮忙设计了喷气式背包。故B项正确。.答案与解析：A考查推断的能力。根据第三段中的“Hesaidhewasn'tnervous.Hefounditeasy.Hehadtrainedforthatmomentforyears,readyforanything”可以推断出，McCandless在太空行走期间，心情十分平静。故A项正确。.答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第五段中的“McCandlesssaidhewasmostproudthatchildrencameuptohimlaterinlifetosaythey'dseenthepicture”可知，McCandless最引以为豪的事情是被孩子们认识。故A项正确。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一一科学与技术一一“毅力号”探测器成功登陆火星【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了“毅力号”探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情况。.答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。.答案与解析：C考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第三段内容可知，该段尾句"Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe'sevenminutesofterror'”为本段总结句，再结合该段上文可知，该段主要介绍了“七分钟内生存下来的因素”：降低速度，精确的切入角度。故C项正确。.答案与解析：B考查理解词汇的能力。分析第四段尾句句子结构可知，it的指代对象为map-readingsystem或thearea。再结合句意”其复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该地区，并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代该句中的“thearea”。故B项正确。.答案与解析：C考查推理的能力。根据尾段可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据而携带这些证据的样本又需要装备齐全的实验室以及将精密仪器送回地球才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走。故C项正确。H.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我——积极的生活态度——如何防止生活让你沮丧【语篇解读】人生不可能一帆风顺。当生活开始让你感到沮丧时，怎么才能找回自己的积极状态呢？本篇提供一些防止生活让你沮丧的建议。.答案与解析：C考查上下文衔接。根据空后的“0thersareprobablydealingwiththeirownproblemsjustlikeyou.”可推知，此处是说每个人都会遇到问题，处理难题的方式或许跟你一样。故C项“糟糕的经历是我们所有人生活的一部分”符合语境。.答案与解析：A考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的“alwaysrememberthatyoudon'thavetobealone"及"you'llfindsupportgroupsthatcanprovideyouwithideas”可知，本段是说如果有问题不要一个人扛着，要向别人求助。故A项符合语境。.答案与解析：B考查上下文衔接。根据空前“Youdon】needtobeonyourown,either”以及空后“Ifyoudon'tfeelabletotalktofriendsorfamily,you'llfindsupportgroups”可知，此处是说遇到问题不要一个人扛着，要向朋友或者家人求助。故B项符合语境。.答案与解析：F考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句"Manyhobbiesalsoprovideopportunitiesforsocialinteraction”可知，此空可能会说明这样做的好处。故F项”交谈和结交新朋友会振奋你的精神”符