




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
计算机网络与通信
DataandComputerCommunications2.
协议体系结构,TCP/IP,互联网应用ProtocolArchitecture,TCP/IP,andInternet-BasedApplications
为什么需要协议体系结构简化的三层协议体系
TCP/IP协议体系结构
多媒体1ProtocolArchitecture,TCP/IP,andInternet-BasedApplicationsTodestroycommunicationcompletely,theremustbenorulesincommonbetweentransmitterandreceiver—neitherofalphabetnorofsyntax
—OnHumanCommunication,ColinCherry2Contents为什么需要协议体系结构简化的协议体系结构TCP/IP协议体系结构标准化的协议体系结构传统的互联网应用多媒体32.1TheNeedForProtocolArchitectureTotransferdataseveraltasksmustbeperformed:1.)thesourcemustactivatecommunicationspathorinformnetworkofdestination2.)thesourcemustmakesurethatdestinationispreparedtoreceivedata3.)thefiletransferapplicationonsourcemustconfirmfilemanagementprogramatdestinationispreparedtoacceptandstorefile4.)aformattranslationfunctionmayneedtobeperformediftheformatsonsystemsaredifferent4FunctionsofProtocolArchitecturebreakslogicintosubtaskmoduleswhichareimplementedseparatelymodulesarearrangedinaverticalstackeachlayerinthestackperformsasubsetoffunctionsreliesonnextlowerlayerforprimitivefunctionschangesinonelayershouldnotrequirechangesinotherlayers5KeyFeaturesofaProtocolAprotocolisasetofrulesorconventionsthatallowpeerlayerstocommunicate.Thekeyfeaturesofaprotocolare:SyntaxformatofdatablocksSemanticscontrolinformationforcoordinationanderrorhandlingTimingspeedmatchingandsequencing语法语义时序关系6Contents为什么需要协议体系结构简化的协议体系结构TCP/IP协议体系结构标准化的协议体系结构传统的互联网应用多媒体72.2ASimpleProtocolagentsinvolved:applicationscomputersnetworksexamplesofapplicationsincludefiletransferandelectronicmailtheseexecuteoncomputersthatsupportmultiplesimultaneousapplications8CommunicationLayerscommunicationtasksareorganizedintothreerelativelyindependentlayers: ApplicationlayerContainslogictosupportapplicationsTransportlayerprovidesreliabledatatransferNetworkaccesslayerconcernedwiththeexchangeofdata(应用层)(传输层)(网络接入层)9NetworkAccessLayer网络接入层coverstheexchangeofdatabetweenanendsystemandthenetworkthatitisattachedtoconcernedwithissueslike:destinationaddressprovisioninvokingspecificserviceslikepriorityaccessto&routingdataacrossanetworkfortwoendsystemsattachedtothesamenetwork10TransportLayer传输层11ApplicationLayer应用层containsthelogicneededtosupportuserapplicationsseparatemoduleisneededforeachtypeofapplication12ProtocolArchitectureandNetworks13ProtocolsinaSimplifiedArchitecture14Addressing寻址Twolevelsofaddressingareneeded:eachcomputeronthenetworkhasauniquenetworkaddresseachapplicationhasanaddressthatisuniquewiththatcomputer(SAPs)15ProtocolDataUnit(PDU)
协议数据单元thecombinationofdataandcontrolinformationisaprotocoldataunit(PDU)typicallycontrolinformationiscontainedinaPDUheadercontrolinformationisusedbythepeertransportprotocolatcomputerBheadersmayinclude:sourceport,destinationport,sequencenumber,anderror-detectioncode16NetworkAccessProtocolafterreceivingsegmentfromtransportlayer,thenetworkaccessprotocolmustrequesttransmissionoverthenetworkthenetworkaccessprotocolcreatesanetworkaccessPDU(packet)withcontrolinformationheaderincludes:sourcecomputeraddressdestinationcomputeraddressfacilitiesrequests17Contents为什么需要协议体系结构简化的协议体系结构TCP/IP协议体系结构标准化的协议体系结构传统的互联网应用多媒体18TCP/IPProtocolArchitectureResultofprotocolresearchanddevelopmentconductedonARPANETReferredtoasTCP/IPprotocolsuiteTCP/IPcomprisesalargecollectionofprotocolsthatareInternetstandards19TCP/IPLayersandExampleProtocols20PhysicalLayercoversthephysicalinterfacebetweencomputerandnetworkconcernedwithissueslike:characteristicsoftransmissionmediumnatureofthesignalsdatarates21NetworkAccessLayercoverstheexchangeofdatabetweenanendsystemandthenetworkthatitisattachedtoconcernedwithissueslike:destinationaddressprovisioninvokingspecificserviceslikepriorityaccessto&routingdataacrossanetworkfortwoendsystemsattachedtothesamenetwork22InternetLayerimplementsproceduresneededtoallowdatatotravelacrossmultipleinterconnectednetworksusestheInternetProtocol(IP)toprovideroutingfunctionimplementedinendsystemsandrouters23Host-to-Host(Transport)LayerconcernedwithprovidingreliabledeliveryofdatacommonlayersharedbyallapplicationsmostcommonlyusedprotocolistheTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)24OperationofTCP/IP25TCP/IPAddressRequirementsTwolevelsofaddressingareneeded:eachhostonasubnetworkmusthaveauniqueglobalinternetaddresseachprocesswithahostmusthaveanaddress(knownasaport)thatisuniquewithinthehostIPaddressPortnumber26OperationofTCP/IP27TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)TCPisthetransportlayerprotocolformostapplicationsTCPprovidesareliableconnectionfortransferofdatabetweenapplicationsATCPsegmentisthebasicprotocolunitTCPtrackssegmentsbetweenentitiesfordurationofeachconnection28TCPHeader29UserDatagramProtocol
(UDP)alternativetoTCPdoesnotguaranteedelivery,preservationofsequence,orprotectionagainstduplicationaddsportaddressingcapabilitytoIPusedwithSimpleNetworkManagementProtocol(SNMP)30UDPHeader31IPHeader32IPv6ProvidesenhancementsoverexistingIPDesignedtoaccommodatehigherspeedsandthemixofgraphicandvideodataDrivingforcewastheneedformoreaddressesduetogrowthoftheInternetIPv6includes128-bitsourceanddestinationaddressfields33IPv6Header34SomeTCP/IPProtocols35思考题协议是什么?为什么需要协议?协议构成的基本要素是什么?协议体系结构为什么采用分层的方法?优缺点?三层简单协议体系结构中,各层协议完成的功能?网络系统中的两级地址是?靠什么来传递对等层协议相关信息?协议体系结构的工作?TCP/IP协议包括哪五个部分?36Contents为什么需要协议体系结构简化的协议体系结构TCP/IP协议体系结构标准化的协议体系结构传统的互联网应用多媒体37协议分层的理解请举一日常生活中的例子来形象地描述该模型中各层的peer-to-peerprotocol(对等协议)和上下层之间的interface(接口)。北大学生张明给理工大学生李强写信的例子
张明写信李强读信
封入信封拆开信封投入信箱从信箱中取信件收信分检装邮包开邮包选路投递邮包送转运站从转运站取回邮包装列车箱发运列车箱卸包送转运站中文姓名地址目的地址目的站38张明给李强写信的通信协议体系结构图例张明(发送方)李强(接收方)2/1接口3/2接口4/3接口第4层第3层第2层第1层第2层对等协议第1层对等协议第3层对等协议第4层对等协议写信读信封信投信收信分检装包转运邮包装车卸车取回邮包投递选路拆包拆信取信发车到站铁轨(传输媒体)392.4StandardizedProtocolArchitectures40LayerSpecificStandards
特定层的标准41OSIStandardizationframeworkforstandardizationwasmotivatorlowerlayersareconcernedwithgreaterlevelsofdetailseachlayerprovidesservicestothenexthigherlayerthreekeyelements:ProtocolspecificationServicedefinitionAddressing42PrimitiveTypesREQUEST请求AprimitiveissuedbyaserviceusertoinvokesomeserviceandtopasstheparametersneededtospecifyfullytherequestedserviceINDICATION指示Aprimitiveissuedbyaserviceprovidereitherto:indicatethataprocedurehasbeeninvokedbythepeerserviceuserontheconnectionandtoprovidetheassociatedparameters,ornotifytheserviceuserofaprovider-initiatedactionRESPONSE
响应AprimitiveissuedbyaserviceusertoacknowledgeorcompletesomeprocedurepreviouslyinvokedbyanindicationtothatuserCONFIRM
证实Aprimitiveissuedbyaserviceprovidertoacknowledgeorcompletesomeprocedurepreviouslyinvokedbyarequestbytheserviceuser43ServicePrimitives(原语)andParametersdefineservicesbetweenadjacentlayersusing:primitivestospecifyfunctionperformedparameterstopassdataandcontrolinfo44Contents为什么需要协议体系结构简化的协议体系结构TCP/IP协议体系结构标准化的协议体系结构传统的互联网应用多媒体45InternetApplicationsApplicationsthatoperateontopofTCPinclude:SMTPFTPSSHTCP46Contents为什么需要协议体系结构简化的协议体系结构TCP/IP协议体系结构标准化的协议体系结构传统的互联网应用多媒体47MultimediaTerminology48MultimediaTerminologyaudiogenerallyencompassessoundsthatareproducedbyahuman,telephonyandrelatedvoicecommunicationstechnologyimagesupportsthecommunicationofindividualpictures,charts,ordrawingsvideoservicecarriessequencesofpicturesintimetextisinformationthatcanbeenteredviaakeyboardandisdirectlyreadableandprintable49MultimediaApplicationsMultimediainformationsystems
databases,informationkiosks,hypertexts,electronicbooks,andmultimediaexpertsystemsMultimediacommunicationsystems
computer-supportedcollaborativework,videoconferencing,streamingmedia,andmultimediateleservicesMultimediaentertainmentsystems
3Dcomputergames,multiplayernetworkgames,infotainment,andinteractiveaudiovisualproductionsMultimediabusinesssystems
immersiveelectroniccommerce,marketing,multimediapresentations,videobrochures,virtualshoppingMultimediaeducationalsystems
electronicbooks,flexibleteachingmaterials,simulationsystems,automatictesting,distancelearning50DomainsofMultimediaSystemsandExampleApplications51ElasticandInelasticTrafficcanadjusttodelayandthroughputchangesacrossaninternet-traditional“data”styleTCP/IPtrafficdoesnoteasilyadapttochangesindelayandthroughput-“real-time”trafficsuchasvoiceandvideoElasticTraffic弹性流量InelasticTraffic非弹性流量52MultimediaTechnologies53SummaryintroducedneedforprotocolarchitectureTCP/IPprotocolarchitectureprotocolarchitecturestandardizationmultimediaapplicationneeds协议的关键要素TCP/IP协议体系结构54AssignmentsPart12.1Multiplechoice1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthekeyelementsofaprotocol?A.syntax
B.semantics
C.rule
D.timing
552.1Multiplechoice2-5.ThelayersinTCP/IPprotocolarchitectureare2
,Intransportlayer,TCPprovides3
datatransmission,andUDPprovides4datatransmission.Innetworklayer,IPprovides
5packettransmission.
2.A.transportlayer,internetlayer,networkaccesslayer,physicallayerB.applicationlayer,transportlayer,internetlayer,networkaccesslayer,physicallayerC.transportlayer,internetlayer,ATMlayer,physicallayerD.transportlayer,networklayer,datalinklayer,physicallayer3.A.connectionoriented,notreliableB.connectionless,notreliableC.connectionoriented,reliableD.connectionless,reliable4.A.connectionlessB.connectionorientedC.connectionless,reliableD.connectionoriented,notreliable5.A.connectionoriented,reliableB.connectionless,reliableC.connectionoriented,notreliableD.connectionless,notreliable562.1Multiplechoice6.Networkarchitecturecanbedefinedas:A.animplementationofcomputernetworksB.asoftwaremoduletoimplementtechniquesanddataprocessingC.asetofrulesandstandardstosetuporusehardware(software)forcommunication.D.astandarddefinedbyISO.7.Communicationsystemhasdifferentkindsofconnections.Internetconnectionis
ina:A.pointtopointlinkB.MultinodebroadcastnetworkC.switchingnetworkD.Packetswitchingnetwork
572.1Multiplechoice8.ThelayersofTCP/IPprotocolarchitectureare(fromtoptobottom):A.application,session,transport,networkaccess,physicalB.application,transport,network,datalink,physicalC.application,transport,internet,networkaccess,physicalD.application,presentation,transport,internet,networkaccess
582.1Multiplechoice9.Regardlessofthenatureoftheapplicationsthatareexchangingdata,thereisusuallyarequirementthatdatabeexchangedreliably,thisisreferredtoasthe().A.transportlayerB.applicationlayerC.physicallayerD.networkaccesslayer592.1Multiplechoice10.Thecombinationofdatafromthenexthigherlayerandcontrolinformationisknownasa().
A.datalink B.headerC.protocoldataunit D.sequencenumber
11.The()layerisconcernedwiththeexchangeofdatabetweenanendsystem(server,workstation,etc.)andthenetworktowhichitisattached.
A.transport B.applicationC.networkaccess D.physical602.1Multiplechoice12.Themainfunctionofthephysicallayeristotransfer()correctly.A.bitstreamB.framesC.packetsD.datagram13.The()isusedatthislayertoprovidetheroutingfunctionacrossmultiplenetworks.A.TransmissionControlProtocol
B.InternetProtocolC.UserDatagramProtocolD.FileTransferProtocol612.2TermsDefinitionProtocolPDUFileTransferProtocolInternetProtocolUserDatagramProtocol622.3FillintheBlanksInlayeredmodel,whenapplicationdatatransmitfromupperlayertolowerlayer,eachlayerappendsa____,containingprotocolcontrolinformation.Thepeerlayerscommunicatebymeansofformattedblocksofdatathatobeyasetofrulesorconventionsknownasa____.
632.4AnswerQuestions
1.Whatarethekeyfeaturesofaprotocol?2.GivethefunctionsofeachlayerofTCP/IP.64AssignmentsPart22.5MultipleChoice1.Thepurposeofflowcontrolis:A.errorcontrolling B.timingC.orderdelivery D.topreventreceiveroverload2.Eachprocesswithahostmusthaveanaddressthatisuniquewithinthehost;thisallowsthehost-to-hostprotocol(TCP)todeliverdatatotheproperprocess.Theseaddressesareknownas():A.globalinternetaddressB.portsC.networkaddressD.computeraddress652.5MultipleChoice3.The()isconcernedwithspecifyingthecharacteristicsofthetransmissionmedium,thenatureofthesignals,thedatarate,andrelatedmatters.A.NetworkaccesslayerB.physicallayerC.transportlayerD.Internetlayer4.IPappendsaheaderofcontrolinformationtoeachsegmenttoforman().A.IPsegmentB.IPpacketC.IPstream
D.IPdatagram662.5MultipleChoice5.Communicationbetweenpeerlayeratdifferentnodesneeds:A.interfaceB.peerprotocolC.electricalsignalD.transmissionmedia6.()characteristicofthephysicallayerrelatestothephysicalpropertiesoftheinterfacetoatrans
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2024营养师资格热点考点试题及答案
- 文化产业政策演出经纪人资格证试题及答案
- 经纪人法律责任及义务试题及答案
- 西安高中模考题库及答案
- 吉林省白山市达标名校2024届中考数学模拟预测题含解析
- 《父与子》的读后感
- 浙江科技学院《审计模拟实训》2023-2024学年第二学期期末试卷
- 2024-2025学年辽宁省大连市第十六中学高三第5次月考试题物理试题试卷含解析
- 江西工业工程职业技术学院《医学影像检查技术实验》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
- 广东省增城市第一中学2025届高三下学期1月大练习语文试题含解析
- 软件无线电的原理与应用
- 非上市公司员工虚拟股权激励方案
- 小班健康-阿嚏阿嚏
- 广东省职业技能等级认定证书试卷样题网络安全管理员四级技能试题样卷
- 道路环卫保洁投标方案
- 康乐服务与管理(中职酒店服务与管理专业)PPT完整全套教学课件
- 中职教育历史《近代以来中国职业教育的兴起与发展》课件
- 公司传统载体档案数字化管理办法
- (完整版)中国古代书法史课件
- 【内科学课件】慢性肾小球肾炎
- 降糖药知识资料
评论
0/150
提交评论