笔译- 词义选择与理据-内涵与外延

Lecture3DictioninTranslation——DenotativeMeaningandConnotativeMeaning词义选择及其理据：概念内涵与外延

Denotativevs.ConnotativeMeaningDenotation

isthesurfaceorliteralmeaningencodedtoasignifier,andthedefinitionmostlikelytoappearinadictionary.Connotation

isacommonlyunderstoodculturaloremotional

associationthatsomewordorphrasecarries,inadditiontotheword'sorphrase'sexplicitorliteralmeaning,whichisitsdenotation.E.g.man,woman,roseDenotative:human+male/female+adultConnotative?

ACaseStudyVeronicaHorstwasstungbyabee,anditshouldhaveproducednomorethanaminuteofannoyanceandpain,butshe,intheapparentbloomofhealthattheageoftwenty-nine,turnedouttobesusceptibletoanaphylacticshock,andnearlydied.Fortunately,herhusband,Gregor,waswithher,andthrewherfaintingbody,allbutblood-pressureless,intotheircarandspeededcareeningthroughtheheartoftowntothehospital,whereshewassaved.WhenLesMillerheardabouttheevent,fromhiswife,Lisa,whowasbreathlesslyfreshfromasessionofgossipandwomen’stennis,hewasstungbyjealousy:heandVeronicahadhadanaffairtheprevioussummer,andbytherightsofloveheshouldhavebeentheonetobewithherandsaveherheroically.Gregorevenhadthepresenceofmind,afterward,togoaroundtothelocalpoliceandexplainwhyhehadbeenspeedingandcareeningthroughstopsigns.“Itseemsincredible”,Lisainnocentlytoldherhusband,“thathereshe’snearlythirtyandapparentlyhasneverbeenstungbythebeesbefore,sonobodyknewshewouldreactthisway.AsachildIwasalwaysgettingstung,weren’tyou?”

FromJohnUpdike:DelicateWivesUnderstandingtheoriginaltextGenreToneMainideaMainCharaters:Twocouples:Gregor&VeronicaHorstLesMiller&LisaMainEvents:VeronicaHorstwasstungbyabee.Gregorsavedhiswife.LesMillerandVeronicaHorsthadanaffair.LesMillerwasstungbyjealousy.KeyWordsinTranslation…WhenLesMillerheardabouttheevent,fromhiswife,Lisa,whowasbreathlesslyfreshfromasessionofgossipandwomen’stennis,hewasstungbyjealousy:heandVeronicahadhadanaffairtheprevioussummer,andbytherightsofloveheshouldhavebeentheonetobewithherandsaveherheroically.Gregorevenhadthepresenceofmind,afterward,togoaroundtothelocalpoliceandexplainwhyhehadbeenspeedingandcareeningthroughstopsigns.

“Itseemsincredible”,Lisainnocentlytoldherhusband,“thathereshe’snearlythirtyandapparentlyhasneverbeenstungbythebeesbefore,sonobodyknewshewouldreact

this

way.AsachildIwasalwaysgettingstung,weren‘tyou?”FromJohnUpdike:DelicateWivesDictionFreshInnocentlyDelicateHusband——Milleraffair

Veronica

wife——Lisainnocently?WhenLesMillerheardabouttheevent,fromhiswife,Lisa,whowasbreathlesslyfreshfromasessionofgossipandwomen’stennis.hewasstungbyjealousy:heandVeronicahadhadanaffair

theprevioussummer,andbytherightsofloveheshouldhavebeentheonetobewithherandsaveherheroically…“Itseemsincredible”,Lisainnocentlytoldherhusband,“thathereshe’snearlythirtyandapparentlyhasneverbeenstungbythebeesbefore,sonobodyknewshewouldreactthisway…”（DelicateWives,byJohnUpdike）

Innocent

conceptualconnotativeframeworkdistinctivefeaturesfreefrom

moralwrong[无道德过错/清白/圣洁]Freefrom

acrime[notguiltyof][无罪的]

Freefrom

responsibilityforanevent[无辜的]freefromcomplexity,affectedness,deceit,treachery,cunning[头脑简单/正直/天真的]freefrom

harm[无害的]OxfordAdvancedLearner’sE-CDictionaryOxfordIllustratedE-CDictionaryDictionInnocent:Lisaisfreefrom

??Discussion:freshdelicateFresh(continued)1.new

Thereportprovidesfreshevidenceaboutthewaythebusinesswasrun.2.newandinterestingRyanwillbringafreshapproachtothejob.3.recent

Theaccidentwasstillfreshinhermind.4.

afreshstartwhenyoustartsomethingagaininacompletelynewanddifferentwayafterbeingunsuccessful:IhopeJimandIcangetbacktogetherandmakeafreshstart.5.food/flowersa)freshfoodhasrecentlybeenpickedorprepared,andisnotfrozenorpreservedfreshfruit/vegetables/fish/breadetcb)freshflowershaverecentlybeenpicked6.freshair-airfromoutside,especiallycleanair:Let'sopenthewindowsandhavesomefreshairinhere!Fresh7.freshwater-freshwatercontainsnosaltandcomesfromriversandlakes[↪saltwater]8.taste/smelletc[usuallybeforenoun] pleasantlycleanorcool:afreshmintytaste9.appearance

pleasant,bright,and[≠dull]:Thekitchenisdecoratedinfreshbluesandgreens.10.weather ifthewindisfresh,itisquitecoldandstrong:Afreshbreeze11.nottired[notusuallybeforenoun]fullofenergybecauseyouarenottired:Despitehisbusydayhearrivedlooking asfreshasadaisy(=nottiredandreadytodothings).12.freshfromsomethinga)alsofreshoutofsomething(AmericanEnglish)havingjustfinishedyoureducationortraining,andnothavingalotofexperience:He'sfreshoutoflawschool.b)havingjustcomefromaparticularplaceorexperience:TheteamisfreshfromtheirvictoryovertheFrench.FreshLisa,whowasbreathlesslyfreshfrom

asessionof

gossipandwomen’stennis.??delicate1.needingtobedealtwithcarefullyorsensitivelyinordertoavoidproblemsorfailure:There'ssomethingIhavetospeaktoyouabout-it'sadelicatematter.2.easilydamagedorbroken[=fragile]:delicate

hand-cutglassThesuncaneasilydamageachild's delicateskin.3.someonewhoisdelicateishurteasilyoreasilybecomesill:adelicatechild4.apartofthebodythatisdelicateisattractiveandgraceful:Herdelicatefeatures5.made

skillfullyandwithattentiontothesmallestdetails:aplatewithadelicatepatternofleaves6.ataste,smell,orcolourthatisdelicateispleasantandnotstrong:adelicatepinkDelicateDelicateWives??维罗妮卡·霍斯特被蜜蜂螫了一下，这本没有什么大不了，只该给她造成片刻的烦恼和疼痛而已。在29岁这个年龄，维罗妮卡显然正处健康的巅峰阶段，不料，她却易患过敏性休克，这一螫险些要了她的性命。幸好，丈夫格雷戈尔在她身边，他赶紧把不省人事、气息奄奄的维罗妮卡抱上他们的车，风驰电掣、横冲直撞地穿过镇中心，将她送入医院救治脱险。莱斯·米勒是从妻子莉莎那里听说此事的。当时莉莎气喘吁吁，容光焕发，刚和女伴们打完一场网球回来，少不了聊了一通家长里短的闲话。听闻此事，莱斯被妒忌心所螫/醋意大发：去年夏天，莱斯和维罗妮卡曾有过一段情。籍爱之名，在维罗妮卡身边，演绎英雄救美的，理应是他呀。事后，格雷戈尔居然还有心情跑了一趟警察局，解释他为何置停车信号于不顾而飞车过街。“这好像挺不可思议的，”不知隐情的莉莎跟丈夫说，“维罗妮卡都快三十了，明摆着，以前从来没被螫过，所以谁都不会料到她的反应会如此强烈。我小时候经常被螫，你不也是吗？”——约翰·厄普代克《娇妻》

----重点落在“笑”

隐性处理“道”

更现人物神貌

《红楼梦》译例举偶同一样的笑道不一样的译道laugh:tomakethesoundsandmovementsofyourfacethatshowyouarehappyorthinksomethingisfunnysmile:tomakeasmileappearsonyourfacechuckle:tolaughquietlytitter:tolaughquietly,

especiallyinanervousorembarrassedwaybeam:tohaveabighappysmileonyourfacegrin:tosmilewildlychortle:laughloudlywithpleasureoramusement

“笑”

的外延与内涵cackle:

（ofachicken）tolaughinaloudunpleasantwaygiggle:tolaughinasillyway

becauseyouareamused,embarrassedornervoussnigger:tolaughinaquietunpleasantway,

especiallyatsomethingrudeoratsomebody’sproblemsormistakes

“笑”

的外延与内涵刘姥姥笑道：“别哄我了，茄子跑出这个味儿来了，我们也不用种粮食，只种茄子了。”(第四十一回)

*人物--没有多少文化、但社会阅历十分丰富的农村妇女

*情景--二进大观园时，有幸与贾母等人共同用餐

受宠若惊---得意忘形

giggle:tolaughinasillywaybecauseyouareamused,embarrassedornervous.cackle:（ofachicken）tolaughinaloudunpleasantway原指母鸡生蛋后咯咯啼叫声，又可引伸为人高声谈笑或发出刺耳的谈笑声。刘姥姥不懂得府的诸多礼节，谈笑间不知不觉显露出其本色。

“Don’ttrytofoolme,”cackledGrannyLiu.“Ifegg-planttastedlikethis,we’dstopgrowingothercropsjuststicktoegg-plant.”（ByY&D）金荣笑道：“许你们说话，难道不许我咳嗽不成？”(第九回)语境：“书房武斗”闹剧之前，家学里的几个学生私下里有了暧昧之意，另一个学生金荣则愤愤不平，总想拿住他们的把柄。一次，秦钟和香怜假出小恭，溜至后院说体己话，金荣故意尾随，咳嗽相激。

“Ifyoucantalkwhycan’tIcough?”JinRongsniggered.

阴损的笑，幸灾乐祸的笑

snigger:tolaughinaquietunpleasantway,especiallyatsomethingrudeoratsomebody’sproblemsormistakesgiggle:tolaughinasillywaybecauseyouareamused,embarrassedornervous.林黛玉听了笑道：“你们听听，这是吃了他们家一点子茶叶，便来使唤人了。”凤姐笑道:

“倒求你，你倒说这些闲话，吃茶吃水的。你既吃了我们家的茶，怎么还不给我们家做媳