第三章 词汇特色

第三章词汇特色ChapterThree

lexicalfeaturesCompanyLogoContents

1.Concisewords（简洁用词）

3.Newwords（新词）

4.Imitationwords/Coinages（生造词）

5.abbreviatedexpressions（缩略语）

2.Metonymy(借代)

6.Voguewords/buzzwords（时髦词）Expressionsinnewsreportshouldbebriefandconcise1.Avoidunnecessaryadj.&adv.andobservethe“brevityofthelanguage”.Themodifiers修饰语shouldbecutout.Thesewordsarecalled“redundancies”（赘词).

(力求简洁，避免不必要的形容词和副词)如：(Brutal)murder(Angry)mob(Final)outcomeAsa(general)rule(Totally)destroyed(Controversial)issue第一节用词简洁具体(briefandconcisewords)2、Avoidsemanticrepeation(避免语意重复)Visible(totheeye)Clear(tothemind)Consensus(ofopinion)attendaconferenceon(theissueof)sth.Notice(thephenomenon)that…Despite(thefact)that…3.Smallwordsaremorefrequentlyusedthancomplicatedwords

(多用简洁明了的常用词)About(approximately)Show(demonstrate)Fear(apprehension)Star(silversphere)Aid(assistance)Inaword,expressionsinmedianewsshouldbeappliedontheprincipleofbrevity.练习：P36-37CompanyLogoTheuseofconcisewords:

Group1whatdoes“B”refertointhe

“ABC”principle?---B:brevityofthelanguage

Dothefollowingexamplesobservethe“brevityofthelanguage”?eg.1.Asthetwocountriestrytoboostgrowthfurther,China'sforeignministryspokesmanHongLeisaidtheseissuescouldbeaddressedbymutualcooperation.eg.2.Sotheendresultofthelongcampaignagainstgovernmentisthatwe’vetakenadisastrouslywrongturn.

eg.3.Washingtonshouldfurtherdeclarethatasageneralrule,U.S.supportwouldbepoliticalratherthanmilitary,overt（公开的）ratherthancovert.（隐藏的）

Q:Isthereanycooperationthatis“alone”？Oranyresultthatdoesnotcomeoutattheend?Oranyso-calledrulethatbetraysthegenerality?

Findouttheredundancies（赘词)andmakethemconcise.1.Audienceareamazedatthesurprisingwondercreatedbythemagician.2.Mr.Paterson,ofcourse,stillhastoawaitthefinaloutcomeofaseparateinquiryintowhetherheperjuredhimselfduringaninvestigationintohowhecametobegrantedticketstotheWorldSerieslastfall.3.OnlyMarinesandsecurityguardswerepresentattheembassywhentheangrymobofabout100approachedthewalls.4.ChancellorAngelaMerkelisstrugglingtofindconsensusofopiniononthefutureofGermany’snuclearplants.

5.Warmgreetingsandgratefulthankstoyouallasyougathertocelebratethe50thAnniversaryoftheUnitedStatesAirForce.surprisingfinalangryofopinion

warm,gratefulTheuseofconcisewords:Group2eg.1.

Peopleareworriedaboutthesituationofthebadfinancialcrisis.eg.2.HeisworkinghardtoimprovehisEnglishlevel.eg.3.

Hewillattendaconferenceontheissueofnonproliferation.eg.4.Henoticedthephenomenonthatoilpriceisskyrocketingthesedays.Q:Ineachexample,Canyoufindtwopartsthatrefertothesamecontent?Andwhichpartcanbeomittedfortheconciseness?

1.situation=thebadfinancialcrisis2.English=Englishlevel.3.theissueof=nonproliferation(防止核扩散）4.thephenomenon=thatclausePeopleareworriedaboutthebadfinancialcrisis.HeisworkinghardtoimprovehisEnglish.HewillattendaconferenceonnonproliferationHenoticedthatoilpriceisskyrocketingthesedays.

Comparedwiththeobscure晦涩的languageinliterature,thelanguageofnewsreportisearlyunderstood.newspapers---“massmedia”，itaimsatthebroadmassofthepeople.Tomakethelanguageconcise,bigandcomplicatedwordsareusuallyreplacedbysmallwords.eg.1.

Therearenosilverspheresinthefirmament.Therearenostarsintheheaven.eg.

2.Theinvestorlostapproximatelyamilliondollarsinthestockmarketinjusttwoweeks.

approximately--aboutTheuseofconcisewords:Group3CompanyLogo

usingconcisewordstorewritethesentences1.TheassistanceprogrampromotedbySenatorJohnKerry,chairmanoftheForeignRelationsCommittee,promisedPakistan$7.5billionoverfiveyears,muchofitdeliveredthroughtheciviliangovernment.2.DocumentsseizedatthecompoundwhereOsamabinLadenwaskilleddemonstratethatheandhisaidesdiscussedmakingadealwithPakistaninwhichAlQaedawouldrefrainfromattackingthecountryinexchangeforprotectioninsidePakistan,AmericanofficialssaidThursday.

3.DevelopingeconomiessuchasMexicoandBrazilwouldcommencereductionsaround2040-2045.

4.Overtime,however,suchmarketapprehension

islikelytogiveway.Inthelongterm,afterall,democracyandindividualfreedomarethe

bestimpetuses（动力）ofprosperity.Assistance=aidDemonstrate=showCommence=beginApprehension=fear第二节Metonymy(借代):借用人、地、物名称（1）各国首都、大城市等地名（2）著名建筑物名称（3）政府首脑姓名替代该国或其政府及有关机构（4）某个物名来表示某个意思,这是新闻英语的独创Thecapital,thewell-knownbuildingsandthenameofthegovernmentleaderaswellareoftenusedtorefertothecountry,governmentortherelevantorganizations.Purposes：

morelivelyandvividCharacteristicsforthemetonymically-usedwords:（1）Thewordsarewidelyknownwithplentifulmeaningsorconnotations(内涵丰富，广为人知)（2）Metonymymakesnewsbriefandconcise(行文简洁明快）withitsjournalismandpopularity（新闻性和通俗性）(3)Newsreportwithlivelyandvividwordsaremoreeasilygraspedandunderstood（便于理解）

eg.U.S.officialssaytheObamaadministrationweighingwhethertoordertheNSAtostopspyingonleadersofAmericanallies.CaliforniaDemocratDianneFeinstein,whochairstheSenateIntelligenceCommittee参议院情报委员会

,issuedastatementMondaysayingshewasinformedbytheWhiteHousethat"collectiononourallieswillnotcontinue."Butadministrationofficialslaterstressedthatafinaldecisiononthematterhasnotbeenmade.

Q:Inthisexample,twoexpressionsareusedheretorefertoU.S.government.Canyouspotthem?Howcanyourecognizethem?ArethereanyrelationsbetweenthesetwoexpressionsandtheU.S.government?

Metonymy(借代)

1.theObamaadministration,2.theWhiteHouseAmericangovernment=WhiteHouse,WashingtonChinesegovernment?eg.1AtopChinesegeneralsaidWednesdaythatBeijinghadnointentionofchallengingtheAmericanmilitaryandthatitwas“verystrange”thatquestionswereraisedaboutitscountry’smilitarybuildupwhenthesameconcernswerenotvoicedabouttheUnitedStates.Eg.2TheriskthatleadersinZhongnanhaiarealltooawareofisthatarecessionteststhelimitsofChina'spoliticalstability.

Metonymy(借代)

1.一名中方高级将领周三说中国政府无意挑战美国的军事力量，但奇怪的是总有人质疑中国的军备建设，对美国却从未提出类似的问题。2.经济衰退在考验中国政治稳定性的限度，中国政府领导人也已认识到这一风险。1.ObamatonominateYellenasBernankesuccessorPresidentBarackObamawillnominateFederalReserve（美联储）vicechairJanetYellentosucceedBenBernankeaschairmanofthenation‘scentralbank,theWhiteHousesaidTuesday.YellenwouldbethefirstwomantoheadthepowerfulFed,takingoveratapivotaltime（关键时刻）fortheeconomyandthebankingindustry.OntheFed,Yellenhasbuiltareputationasa“dove”—someonewhoistypicallymoreconcernedaboutkeepinginterestrateslowtoreduceunemploymentthanaboutraisingthemtoaverthighinflation（避免高通胀）.Iraq:Whowonthewar?

Withinbarelyamonth,Saddam’sBronzestatueinBaghdad’sFirdausSquarewasScrapmetal.ButeveryotherpredicationbytheBushadministration'shawks’provedwrong.Prediction:weaponsofmassdestruction(WMD)Hawks:鹰派,主战派,主张强硬路线或用武力解决争端Doves：鸽派，主张用和平手段解决问题Dawk=dove+hawk：中间派2.Noweaponsofmassdestruction---Britain’skeyjustificationforwarhavebeenfound.ThePentagonacknowledgedlastweekthatareviewofmorethan600,000capturedIraqidocumentsshowed“noevidencethatSaddamHussein’sregimehadanyoperationallinkswithOsamabinLaden’sal-Qaidaterroristnetwork”.(基地恐怖组织）ThePentagon:thehugefive-sidedbuildinginArlington,Va.Asasymbolofmilitary,itisoftenmetonymicallytorefertotheDefenseDepartmentofUSA.(美国国防部）ratherthanthebuildingitself.英国出兵伊拉克的主要理由---大规模杀伤性武器，并未被找到。五角大楼上周承认检查所缴获的60万份文件后未发现证据表明萨达姆政权和本拉登的基地恐怖组织有任何联系。3.The

US

insiststhatTehranretainsnuclearambitions,despiteitsownintelligenceestimatesthatworkonaweaponhasstopped,butitsoccupationofIraqhasgivenIranahostageitcouldneverhaveimaginedhaving.美国政府坚持认为，德黑兰有发展核武力的野心，诚然美国从自己掌握的情报评估报告认为，伊朗的核武器研制工作已经停止，然而，美国对伊拉克的占领却给了伊朗一个做梦都没有想到的可乘之机。Tehran(德黑兰)：

referringtothegovernmentofIran(指代伊朗政府)4.TheKremlinwantstosecureRussia’slong-termdominanceoverglobalenergymarkets.Toensurethis,RussianeedstofindnewsourcesoffuelandtheArcticseemsliketheonlyplacelefttogo.ButWashingtonseemstohaveadifferentviewandisseekingtoblocktheanticipatedRussianbid.克里姆林宫想确保俄罗斯对全球能源市场的长期控制地位，对此，俄罗斯需要找到新的燃料来源，而北极似乎是唯一的可去之地。但华盛顿似乎持不同看法，试图阻止俄对开采北极申请。Kremlin:克里姆林宫（俄罗斯政府）Washington:华盛顿（美国政府）5.ItisobviousthatMoscowwouldtrytoresistthisU.S.intrusionandwouldviewanyU.S.effortstoblockRussia’sclaimtoitsArcticsectorasunfriendlyandovertlyprovocative.Furthermore,suchapolicywouldactuallyhelptheKremlinjustifyitshard-lineposition.(FromGlobalResearch,July17,2007)显然莫斯科试图抵制美国染指北极，把美国阻止其声称对北极地区拥有主权看作是不友好的，明显的挑衅行为。而美国的举措实际上也为克里姆林宫采取强硬立场提供了理由。（俄罗斯）6.Buffettwalkedawayfromthedotcomboominthe1990s,stickingwithboringblue-chipssuchasGillette,CocaColaandAmericanExpress.HealwayscameupS:Blue-chips

:Greenback:巴菲特远离90年代的互联网繁荣，坚持投资诸如吉利、可口可乐、美国运通这样不活跃的蓝筹股。只要他走过，身上总是散发着钱的味道。dot-com，网络公司蓝筹casinotoken，蓝筹股，第一流的，业绩优良红利优厚的大公司股票，也称“绩优股”绿钞，指代美元Americanbill7.Cappingstreetexecutivepaywon’tworkIfyou’reonWallStreet,youbetterpraythatyourbankdoesn’trequireinthewordsoftheUS.Treasury“exceptionalassistance”.Asoftoday,thosebankswillbesubjecttoWashington’snewexecutivepayguideline.Andthoseguidelinesarenotjustthekissofdeathforyourbonus.It’sthekissofdeathforyourbank.华尔街，美金融中心华盛顿，美国政府死亡之吻，喻指导致毁灭的伪善行为或关系Judaskiss,犹大之吻。犹太教祭司收买了耶稣的门徒犹大，让他在抓捕耶稣时，假装请安，亲吻耶稣，从而暴露耶稣，使之被捕，之后钉死在十字架上。人们也用犹大之吻比喻伪善的行为或可耻的叛变1.WallStreet2.Washington3.thekissofdeath

限制华尔街高管薪酬无济于事如果你在华尔街工作，那么最好祈祷你的银行不需要美国财政部所谓的“特殊救助.”从现在起，所有接受“特殊救助”的银行必须遵守美国政府有关高管限薪的新规定。这不仅仅意味着你的奖金可能泡汤，你所在的银行可能也要接受“死亡之吻”的眷顾。例词

本义(originalmeaning)喻义(connotation)BigApple(大苹果)BigBoard(大行情板)Broadway(百老汇大街)WallStreet华尔街CityofAngels(天使城)CityofBrotherlyLove(博爱城)CitybytheGoldenGate(金门城)CrescentCity(新月城)DiceCity(骰子城，赌城)EmpireState(帝国州)GoldenState(黄金州)州HuboftheUniverse(宇宙中心)市

纽约市

纽约证券交易所美国、戏剧(业)美金融业洛杉矶费城，Philadelphia，Philos爱，adelphos兄弟，旧金山市新奥尔良市

拉斯韦加斯市纽约州加利福尼亚波士顿例词

本义喻义MadisonAvenue麦迪逊大街美国广告业／商业MotorCity汽车城底特律市SteelCity钢城

匹兹堡WindyCity多风城

芝加哥WhiteHouse白宫美国政府行政机关、总统府Hill/CapitolHill国会山Donkey驴Elephant象Bluehelmets蓝头盔Greenberets绿色贝雷帽Langley兰利市（弗吉利亚州一地名）Pentagon五角大楼Greenbacks绿币

美国国会美国民主党美国共和党联合国维和部队（PKF:peacekeepingforces）美国特种部队（SF:Specialforces）美中央情报局（CIA）美国国防部（DOD）美元例词

本义喻义theCity(ofLondon)伦敦城

英国商业界；金融界FleetStreet舰队街ScotlandYard苏格兰场10

DowningStreet唐宁街10号

BuckinghamPalace白金汉宫借典型姓氏代某人或某国JohnBull约翰牛，英国人UncleSam山姆大叔，美国人Wang王，中国人Ivan伊凡，俄罗斯人.

英国新闻界伦敦警察局/伦敦警方英国首相府、首相、政府、内阁英国王室练习P38GuesswhatthefollowingwordsrefertoThewordsreferringtothegovernmentofeachcountry:Russian~?/U.K~?/French~?/Iran~?Russian~=Moscow/Kremlin克里姆林宫U.K.~=London/10DowningStreet唐宁街10号French~=Paris/ElyseePalace爱丽舍宫Iran伊朗~=Tehran德黑兰TheKremlindeclinedtomakeanycommentasNorwaywasexpellingeightRussiandiplomatsforactivitiesincompatiblewiththeirstatus—theusualtermforspying.

Review

：Metonymy(借代)

挪威政府驱逐了8名外交官，因为他们从事了与其身份不相符的活动，这是对从事间谍活动的通常说法。对此，克里姆林宫拒绝发表任何意见。1.ARoyal

PainfortheCrown2.MoscowsaysUSLeadershipEraisEnding.3.VerizonRejectsHollywood’sCalltoAidPiracyFight4.LongtimeTorySeekstoLeadParty,witheyeon10DowningStreet.

本义：王冠，喻义：国王

欲戴王冠，必承其重(本义：莫斯科；喻义：俄罗斯政府）Verizon:

威瑞森，美国电信运营公司AidPiracyFight：helpinthefightagainstpiracyHollywood:本义：好莱坞；喻义：

美国电影业威瑞森电信公司拒绝响应好莱坞打击盗版的号召theTory：托利党，英国保守党（的前身）,右派（保守）theWhigs:辉格党，工党的前身，左派（开明）10DowningStreet本义：

唐宁街10号；喻义：英国首相

保守党谋求执政，觊觎首相宝座5.WallStreetShrugsoffDeathofBinLadenandTurnsAttentiontoEarning6.TheHuntfortheGreenbacks7.Thisweek,atradegroupofconveniencestoreownerswillstorm

CapitalHillwiththeirsideofstory.8.Tehraninitiallyacceptedbutthenrejectedanofferforaninterimsolutionunderwhichitwouldshipsomeuraniumoutofthecountryforenrichment.WallStreet华尔街，美国金融界华尔街一心赚钱，对本拉登之死不屑一顾Greenbacks:绿币，美元CapitalHill:国会山，美国国会

本周，由便利店主组成的贸易团体炮轰国会山，声讨国会。Tehran德黑兰，伊朗政府伊朗政府一开始接受但随后又拒绝将一部分铀运到国外去浓缩这一临时解决方案。Oneofthefeaturesofnewsisnovelty&interest.Asthemirroroftheever-changingsociety,newspapersnaturallyembraceavarietyofnewwordsrisingfromthenewlydevelopmentofpolitics,economy,technologyandthenewtrendsofideas.

Doyouknowthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords?eg.

Thecentralantagonists对抗者werethePandaHugger,anAustralianwhoenjoysagoodbottleortwoofredwinewhenheholdsforth滔滔地说,andtheDragonSlayer,anAmericanwhoprefersacoldbeerorfive.

第三节新词层出不穷

Newwords(

neologism)现代英语中表达新事物、新概念的新词新义大多是率先出现在英语报刊中，然后再流行于世的。Developingprocessforanewword:Appearinginnews

beingimitated

being

widelyaccepted

beingtakenupintodictionary

officiallybeingapartofmodernEnglishThe

Oxford

English

Dictionary

(NewWords)牛津英语大辞典最早在1884年出版，共10卷。但第二版牛津英语大辞典是在100年之后出版的，共有20卷，收录了五千九百万个词汇。牛津英语大辞典被认为是当今收录最全和最权威的英语词典。最新版牛津辞典新增2000个时髦词（buzzword

or

vogue

word)Listen

to

the

following

introductionNewWords牛津新词语piercingmonotone

刺耳的单音creditcrunch信贷危机Bromance兄弟情aportmanteauword合成词Amalgamation合并Frenemies友敌significantevidence重大证据Chillax放松冷静Buzzkill扫兴的,泼冷水的dispiriting感到扫兴的Defriend从好友名单上除名ThenewwordswhichhavebeenaddedtotheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishallreflectglobaltrendsandevents.FromtheWorldCup,inSouthAfrica,whocouldforgetthepiercingmonotoneofthe"vuvuzela".Duetothecreditcrunch,peopleareforcedtotakeholidaysathome,soinsteadofavacationinwhichyouvacatethecountry,youstay,hence"staycation".Aclosebutnon-sexualrelationshipbetweentwomenisa"bromance"-aportmanteauword,from"brother"and"romance".AnexampleofthissortofrelationshipcouldbethatbetweentheleadersofBritain'scoalitiongovernment,DavidCameronandNickClegg.Oh,theycouldalsobe"frenemies"-friendswhoarealsorivals.SaraHawkerisoneoftheeditorsoftheOxfordDictionaryofEnglish.Shesaysalotofworkgoesintodecidingwhichwordsshouldbeadded.“Thewordsweincludeinourdictionaryareallbasedonevidence.

WehaveenormousdatabasesofcurrentEnglishwhichweanalyseandweonlyputwordsintothedictionaryifwe'vegotsignificantevidencethattheyarebeingusedbydifferentpeopleindifferentcontexts,soweneverputanythinginunlessthereisalotofevidenceofitbeingused."Otherwordswhicharenowalsoincludedare"chillax",anamalgamationofchillandrelax,socalmdown.And"buzzkill",somethingorsomeonewithadispiritingeffect.Basically,theyorit,killyourbuzz.ButofcourseTwitterandFacebookhavebroughtabout"socialmedia",andwithit"tweetup",ameetingorganisedviaTwitter.IfthecoalitionbetweenDavidCameronandNickCleggbrokedown,theymightgointotheirFacebookaccountsand"defriend"eachother.

图标“♥”最早的使用实例见于1984年美国的一辆车的保险杠贴纸上。后来这种用法变成流行，开始在衣服和贴纸上。牛津英语大辞典127年来只收“生词”的历史就此终结，如今网络和书本中常用的爱心图标“♥”成为牛津英语辞典收录的首枚图标字符。JohnSimpson,theOED’schiefeditor,said:"ThisbreaksatleastoneOEDrule,namelythatanewwordneedstobecurrentfor10yearsbeforeconsiderationforinclusion.Butitseemstobecatchingon.“(词典主编约翰•辛普森表示，此次收录的词条至少打破了《牛津英语辞典》的一项传统惯例，以往来说，词条要使用十年以上才会被收录，但现在“这个传统似乎也跟着时代在改变”)。

Newwords

:Politicseg.

Anewgenusofflower（喻奥巴马）hasbeenintroducedintothe2008presidentialrace.It’sacross-pollination(异花受粉，跨越两党的)

ofdisenchanted(不再抱幻想的),moderate-to-liberal（亲近民主党的）RepublicansandthemovementthatisBarackObama’scampaign.

Obamacansiswhatsomepeoplecallthem.

-----USAToday,March,19,2008;“ANewPoliticalBreed:Obamacans”

2007-2008美总统竞选，许多“presidenttimber”都纷纷参选。如HillaryClinton,JohnMccain，而且当时还提出了如“Buyone,giveonefree”的口号，但是最后Obama用“Timeforachange”笑到了最后。当时美国内同个都出现了Bushfatigue(两种ABB)。而Obama凭借其自身的Character,personalityandeloquence,不但赢得党内支持，而且赢得republican支持。

Obamacan即为“支持民主党候选人奥巴马的共和党人”ObamaSpeak:奥巴马词汇

1.

Obamabot:=Obama+robot

因robot是“不分是非、只知执行命令”的机器人，所以该词呈贬义色彩。常用来指那些对奥巴马一无所知、却忠心拥护的选民，译为“奥巴马信徒，奥巴马粉丝”

2.

Obamacize:该词由Obama的姓氏加上动词性后缀派生而成．基本意思是“像奥巴马那样去行事”.

3.Obamamentum=Obama+momentum(势头,动力)

意指“奥巴马的竞选态势或势头”

4.

Obamanation=Obama+nation

指以奥巴马为核心的政治集团，可译为“奥巴马王国、奥巴马集团”.

5.

Obamania=Obama+mania狂躁:“奥巴马热”

6.

Obamanomics=Obama+economics

指奥巴马在竞选过程中所提出的重振美国经济的政策，可视具体语境译为“奥巴马经济”或“奥巴马经济政策”

7.

Obamacare?

奥巴马医改Obama+healthcareeg.

Thestimulusworked,theysay,asdidthebailout

（紧急救助）ofWallStreet,becausetheeconomyisbettertodaythanitwouldbewithoutthem.Background:美国次贷危机(subprimemortgagecrisis)它是指一场发生在美国，因次级抵押贷款机构破产而引起的金融风暴。2007年8月开始席卷美国、欧盟和日本等世界主要金融市场，现在影响还未消退。次贷即“次级按揭贷款”（subprimemortgageloan），即给那些收入并不稳定甚至根本没有收入，信用等级达不到标准的次级信用贷款者贷款。

由于之前的房价很高，银行认为尽管贷款给了次级信用借款人，如借款人无法偿还贷款，则可以利用抵押的房屋来还，但由于房价突然走低，借款人无力偿还时，银行把房屋出售，但却发现得到的资金不能弥补当时的贷款+利息，甚至都无法弥补贷款额本身，这样银行就会在这个贷款上出现亏损.大面积亏损就导致了次贷危机

Newwords

:economy尽管BushAdministration有两次earmarks（专项拨款）来bailouts(救市)，还接管了两家最大的mortgagegiantsFannieMae(房利美)和FreddieMac（房地美），还是止不住thefinancialcrisis/meltdown/storm/tsunami.

Newwordstoreflectthisareasfollowings:

subprime/bailout/financialtsunami ?

次级房贷/紧急援助/金融海啸

creditcrunch/siegeeconomics？

为应对危机，各国实行 “信贷紧缩”和“严格节约措施”有些人成为homedebtor？

有些人不得不takeastaycation？但有些人仍坚持recessionchic

或成为

recessionista

？

Newwords

:economyhomedebtor？Recenthomebuyersarebecominghomedebtorsatthesametime.Ahomedebtorisahomeownerwithanextremelylargemortgage,particularlyonethatheorsheisunlikelytoeverpayoff.近些年不少人在买房的同时也背上了巨额房贷，成为了homedebtor。Homedebtor指的是房贷数额特别巨大的人，有的大到这辈子也难以还清。

home+debtor（房奴）takeastaycation？

Astaycation(orstay-cation,orstacation)isaneologism新词foraperiodoftimeinwhichanindividualorfamilystaysathomeandrelaxesathomeortakesdaytripsfromtheirhometoareaattractions.Staycationshaveachievedhighpopularityinthefinancialcrisisof2007–2009inwhichunemploymentlevelsandgaspricesarehigh.

(stay+vacation)

宅度假Anestimated2.7millionfamiliesareplanningtoholidayintheUKthisyearwithchildren,parentsandgrandparentsallinthesameresort,accordingtoasurvey.Researcherssaythattotalhassoaredthisyearthankstotherisingpriceofforeignholidaysandtheopportunitiesforsharingcostsonagreycation.Inadditiontotheeconomicbenefitsofmulti-generationalvacationing,manyofthosesurveyedsaidgreycationswereappealingbecausetheyallowedgrandparentsandgrandchildrentospendmoretimetogether.

同堂度假A

recessionistawhostickstorecessionchic

Arecessionistaisapersonwhostaysfashionableduringaneconomicdownturnwithoutspendingalotofmoney.Thiswordisaplayonfashionista,apersonwhowearsfashionableclothingorworksinthehigh-fashionindustry.

“危机时尚达人”

recessionchic

不景气时尚Economywords:BRICS,PIGS,PIIGS,ChindonesiaTheBRICScountries-originallyBrazil,Russia,India,andChina,andnowSouthAfrica-haveturnedouttobeasourceofglobaleconomicdevelopmentandessentialtofuturegenerations.(金砖国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、以及新加入的南非）已成为全球经济发展的动力，对未来的发展至关重要。)

金砖四国”（BRIC）由美国高盛公司首席经济师吉姆•奥尼尔于2001年首次提出。由于该词与英语单词的砖（Brick）类似，因此被称为“金砖四国”。南非（SouthAfrica）加入后，该词变为“BRICS”，并改称为“金砖国家”。“Chindonesia”,(亚洲铁三角）:whichblendsChina,IndiaandIndonesia,reflectstheshiftingfocusofworldtrade.PIGS?PIIGS?笨猪四国：Portugal,Ireland,Greece,Spain,希腊的债务危机蔓延至欧元区成员国

欧猪五国：Portugal,Ireland,Italy,Greece,SpainChindonesia?example1:walkman(P38-39)walkman—walkmanlike—Discman?随身听/微型的/光碟随身听walkmanizedadj.?Professionalmenwhooncecommuted上下班inacceptablestyle,comfort

andcompany,inthefirstcarriagesoffriendlysteamtrains,nowhavetomakedowithgrubbycornersinsemi-graffitied乱写乱画的Tubecompartments,sandwichedaslikeasnot,betweenwalkmanizedtypistsandheavilytattooedskinheads.从前，专业人士上下班时乘坐在蒸气火车的头等车箱里，那里有着舒适而投缘的合意气氛。如今，他们不得不将就挤在地铁车厢脏兮兮的角落里（半个车厢都被涂得面目全非），很可能夹在整天戴着随身听的忙着打字的人和全身都是纹身的光头族中间。

Newwords

:technologyMusicplayer:Walkman

(Sony,personalstereo随身听,1979,

Japan)

Discman(CDpersonalstereo）

MP3MP4

MP5

(MovingPictureExpertsGroupAudioLayer-3,1991,Germany）

ipod

ipodtouchipodvideo

walkmanlike(mini):

walkmanized:being

addicted

walkmanlikeradiowalkmannizedtypistPodcast(ing)（播客）：iPod＋broadcasting，personaloptionaldigitalcasting个人自选数字广播sodcast（er）

:playingalousypopsongoutloudthroughone’smobilephonespeaker,

loudenoughthatotherpeoplecanhear,particularlyinapubliclocation.iPodWalkman

微型收音机带着耳机，一边听音乐，一边打字的人Nomophobia：

ItwascoinedduringastudybytheUKPostOfficewhocommissionedYouGov,aUK-basedresearchorganizationtolookatanxietiessufferedbymobilephoneusers.Thestudyfoundthatnearly53percentofmobilephoneusersinBritaintendtobeanxiouswhenthey"losetheirmobilephone,runoutofbatteryorcreditorhavenonetworkcoverage".NewwordsaboutscienceandtechnologyNo+mobile+phone+phobia无手机焦虑症It

refersto

thesensation

and

mistakenbelief

of

some

people

who

heartheir

mobilephones

ringing

or

feel

them

vibrating,

whenactually

the

telephone

issilent.Ringxiety(手机幻听)

ringtone+anxietyCyber:cyberworld

网络世界；CyberManhunt

人肉搜索CybercrimeCyberslackerCyberflaneurE:electronicE-commerceE-moneyE-tutoringE-cquaintance:electric+acquaintance网络熟人网络摸鱼，利用上班时间在网上干私活的人Cyber+flaneurreferstoapersonwhosurfsthewebwithnopurposebeyondcuriosityandinquisitiveness.网上闲逛族

WiKi----Wikidiot?Awikiisawebsitethatallowsanyonevisitingittochangeoraddtothematerialinit.Wikidiot?1)anypersonwhoacceptseverythingpostedonWikipedia(Wiki+encyclopedia

百科)asfact;2)especiallyanypersonwhoknowsthatanyonecanpostonthereandstillusesitasacrediblesource.

Wikidiot=wiki+idiot维基傻瓜Wikitionary?wiki+dictionaryWiki:shortforwiki+encyclopaedia(Hawai:quick)Vlog:video+blogSpillcam:维基百科视频博客spill+camera,themonths-longoilspillintheGulfofMexico(2010),whichwasheldincameraandshowedtothepublic.漏油实况视讯Self-portraitsandsocialmedia:Theriseofthe'selfie‘2013-6-8NotsincethedaysofPicassohasself-portraiturebeensoprevalent.Smartphones‘high-qualitybuilt-incamerasandeasyaccesstopicture-enhancingappsaremaking“selfies”aubiquitous（无处不在的）formofself-expressionamongsocial-mediausers.1.

Sheisselfie-addicted.2.She’sanarcissist，alwayspostingselfiesonTwitter.3.Maybehehaslowselfie-esteemAnAustralian2002,2012,2013Welfie

(workoutselfie，锻炼自拍),

drelfie(drunkenselfie，醉后自拍)，Bookshelfie（书柜自拍）Couplie

isaself-shotofacouple.“情侣自拍”社交媒体自画像：“自拍”兴起.自毕加索时期以来，自画像从未如此盛行。智能手机的高质内置相机以及可以便捷使用的照片修正程序正在让“自拍”成为社交媒体用户普遍使用的一种自我表达方式自拍型自卑自拍狂水仙花，自恋狂Nancy:Here'sourlittlebundleofjoy!Isn'tshejustthecutestthingever?!?Lisa&Kate(afteronelookatNancy'suglybaby):Ohhhh...!Yessss....LisatoKate:IthinkNancyhasbabygoggles-that'sgottobetheugliestbabyI'veeverseen!盲目爱娃症Babygoggles

（护目镜）

isaphenomenonwheretheparentsofanuglybabythinktheirbabyisadorableandnooneelsedoes.Theyignoretheshortcomingsoftheirbaby’slooksonpurpose.Newwords

:societyandcultureSharentsSharentparent+sharemumsanddadswhocompulsivelypostpicturesandblog,tweetetcabouttheiroffspring.Typicallyintheirthirties,theyrepresentthegenerationwhowereearlyadoptersofsocialmediaandsofeelcomfortablesharingtheirth