时间和原因状语从句

AdverbialClausesofTimeUnit4Grammar(1)时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,as,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas,themoment,immediately,everytime,nexttime,thefirsttime,once等。

when,while,as表“当...时”的异同

：

相同点: 当从句的谓语是延续性动词时，三者常 可互换i.e.

When/While/Aswewerestilllaughing,theteachercamein.

不同点: 1)when既表“时间段”又表“时间点”(=duringor atthetimethat),从句中动词既可是终止性的， 也可是持续性的，还可表“正在这时”i.e.(1).WhenIarrivedthere,theywerewatching TV.

(2).

WhenIwasyoung,Ilikedsingingand dancing.

2)while只表“时间段”(=duringthetimethat),从句中动词只限于持续性动词，它有时含对照之意，表“然”而i.e. (1)Hefellasleepwhilehewasstudyinghisgrammarbook.

3)as用法与when相似，但它侧重动作的同时性，表“一边...一边...”，还表“随着”i.e. (1)Theytalkedastheywalked. (2)Astimegoesby,wegetwiser.1.when---正在…的时候，突然…

IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenImethim.Oneevening,littleHanswassittingnearthefirewhen

heheardaloudknockatthedoor.Iwasabouttofallasleepwhen

mysistercamein.Hehadjustgotbackhomewhen

thetelephonerang.我正准备告诉他那个秘密，这时有人拍了拍我的肩膀。Iwasabouttotellhimthesecretwhensomeonepattedmeontheshoulder.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.1.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.

A.whereB.whenC.that D.until2.---DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?---Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.

A.beforeB.whenC.that D.until3.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal______afamiliarvoicecametohisears.

A.why B.whereC.whenD.while1)ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,______thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.

A.since B.whenC.as D.while2)______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.

A.While B.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2.连接词while的用法小结

1)while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。3)while可表示尽管，相当于although。

While

IwaswaitingforTom,threebuseswentby.Idoeverysinglebitofhousework,whilemyhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.While

modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.

when/whiledoing:1)When/WhileIwaslookingthroughthepaper,InoticedafewgrammaticalmistakesWhen/Whilelookingthroughthepaper,Inoticedafewgrammaticalmistakes.2)Whilehewaswanderingthroughthesquare,hecaughtsightofasnake-charmerWhilewanderingthroughthesquare,hecaughtsightofasnake-charmerwhen/whiledoneWhenweweretakenroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity'snewlook.Whentakenroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity'snewlook.3.not…until---直到……才Hedidn’tgetoffthebusuntilitstopped.Notuntilthebusstoppeddidhegetoffit.Itwasnotuntilthebusstoppedthathegotoffit.直到被送入手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。Hedidn'trealizetheimportanceofobservingthetrafficregulationsuntilhewassentintotheoperatingroom.1.---Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?---Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim___hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.after B.unlessC.until D.when2.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdlisteners’curiosity___hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until3.Itwasnot___shetookoffherdarkglasses___Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;that C.until;when D.when;then小结：till,until和not…until：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：

Wewaiteduntilhecame.

2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：

Theboywon’tgotobedtill/untilhismumreturns.3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：

UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：

ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.4.before---在……之前HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.现在就做，免得你忘记了。Doitnowbeforeyouforgetit.几个星期过去了我才意识到那幅画丢了。SeveralweekshadgonebybeforeIrealizedthepaintingwasmissing.ItwasnotlongbeforeIforgotitall.五年后我们才会再见面呢。Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终的结论。Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedraw/makeafinalconclusion.1.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.

A.until B.whenC.beforeD.as2.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.

A.since B.after C.beforeD.when3.---Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?---Herushedoutoftheroom___Icouldsayaword.

A.beforeB.until C.when D.after4.Itisalmostfiveyears___wesaweachotherlasttime.

A.beforeB.sinceC.after D.because

连接词before的小结：Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.1)句型Itwillbe/was＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才…”

Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2)句型Itwillbe/wasnot＋段时间＋before…“不多久就…”Itwasn’ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.3)句型Itis＋段时间＋since…时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy.Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.1)Applyitafterwettingyourhairwithwarmwater.Youapplyitafteryouwetyourhairwithwarmwater2)Aftershampooing,squeezeouttheextrawaterandapplyconditioner.Afteryoushampoo,yousqueezeouttheextrawaterandapplyconditioner3)Afterwashingouttheshampoo,applytheconditionerandcombitintoyourhair...Afteryouwashouttheshampoo,youapplytheconditionerandcombitintoyourhair...4)Beforetheywereshownaroundit,thevisitorswatchedavideoaboutthemuseum.Beforebeingshownaroundit,thevisitorswatchedavideoaboutthemuseum.before/afterdoing/beingdone5.since---自从……,通常主句用现在完成时IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Thecaptainhastraveledalmosteverywhereintheworldsincehebecameapilot.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.---HaveyouknownMr.Smithforalongtime?---Yes,sincehe____ourBadmintonClub.A.hasjoinedB.joinsC.hadjoinedD.joinedIhaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.Hehadworkedheresincehehadgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itis(hasbeen)twoyearssince hecamehere.Itwas(hadbeen)twoyearssincehehadcomehere.6.nosooner…than---一……就……Hehadnosoonerfallenasleepthanheheardaknockonthedoor.(nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装)Nosoonerhadhefallenasleepthanheheardaknockonthedoor.Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…他刚离开家，天就开始下雨了。(Hardly)Hardlyhadhelefthomewhenitbegantorain.7.assoonas---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.一些词，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于assoonas的意思。Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.一些含有time的名词短语，如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime,thefirsttime等，以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.8.Thefirsttime等Ithoughtherniceandhonest____Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime

Unit4Grammar(2)AdverbialClausesofReason原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.IcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.As

hedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.Hemustbeill,forheisabsentfromthemeeting.1.由于准备充分，他在面试中一点也不紧张。(not…atall)Becausehewaswell-prepared,hedidn’tfeelnervousatallduringtheinterview.2.____you'vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas

3.____everybodyknowsaboutit,Idon'twanttotalkaboutitanymore.A.ForB.EvenC.SinceD.However4.Didhecome____hewantedhelp?A.sinceB.asC.becauseD.nowthat1.Itwas____itwastooexpensivethatIdidn’tbuyit.A.si