新编大学英语4 unit5 after-class reading

AthletesShouldNotBeRoleModelsPassage11.Pre-ReadingQuestions2.OrganizationAnalysis3.WordsandExpressions4.KeySentences5.MainPointsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI1)Whydopeoplewantathletestobeheroes?2)Whatarethequalitiesthatmakeasuccessfulathlete?TobecontinuedPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI3)Whatdoesconditionalself-worthmean?4)Whatbringstheyoungathletesrewards?TobecontinuedPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI5)WhatisthefindingofProfessorSharonStolloftheUniversityofIdaho?6)Whydosuccessfulathletesinevitablydevelopthefeelingthattheyareprivilegedbeings?TobecontinuedPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI7)WhydoestheauthorgivetheexampleofAlanPage?8)What’stheconclusion?OrganizationAnalysisPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIPartOne(Para.1-2)

Introduction:Peoplewantathletestobeheroes.PartTwo(Para.3-8)

Athletesshouldnotberolemodels.PartThree(Para.9)

Somegreatindividualswillalwaysriseabovethedeformingathleticsystemcreatedbysociety.PartFour(Para.10)

Conclusion:Societyshouldnotlooktoathletesforitsheroes.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIwitnessv.

WordsandExpressions

1.

toseesomethinghappen,especiallyacrimeoraccident,becauseyouarepresentwhenithappens

目击，亲眼看见1)Severalresidentsclaimtohavewitnessedtheattack.2)Thenovelisbasedonaneventthathehimselfhas

witnessed.2.

tobepresentatthetimeofandnotice

亲身经历1)Recentyearshavewitnessedagrowingsocialmobility.2)Theretailtradeiswitnessingasharpfallinsales.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIusedlike“rather”toemphasizetheeffectofsomething颇有几分，多少有点somethingofashockorsurprise1)Thenewscameassomethingofasurprise.2)Itwassomethingofashocktohimtorealizehowfondofthelittleboyhehadbecome.somethingofagardener/anexpert

toknowalotaboutsomethingortobeverygoodatsomething

堪称（算得上）园艺家/专家

Charlie’salwaysbeensomethingofanexpertonarchitecture.I’msomethingofanexpertoncomputers.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageItransformv.

convert,revolutionize,turn…into

使改观，使变形，使转化Increasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.Itwasaneventthatwouldtransformmylife.Thecompanyhasbeentransformedfromafamilybusinesstoamulti-million-poundoperation.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI1.theattitudetolifeandtheworldofaparticularperson,grouporculture

看法，观点；

outlookn.

1)Hehadapracticaloutlookonlife.2)MostWesternsocietiesareliberalinoutlook.3)He’sgotagoodoutlookonlife.2.theprobablefutureforsomebody/something;whatislikelytohappen;prospect

前景，远景1)Theoutlookforjobsisbleak.2)Theoutlook(=theprobableweather)fortheweekendisdryandsunny.TobecontinuedWordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI3.aviewfromaparticularplace景色，风光Thehousehasapleasantoutlookoverthevalley.ontopofsth./sb.1.inadditiontosomething/somebody除······之外1)Ontopofborrowing$100,sheaskedmetolendhermycar.2)Wemissedthetrain,andontopofthatwehadtowaitfortwohoursforthenextone.TobecontinuedWordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI2.overorabovesomething/somebody在······之上

Putthisrecordontopoftheothers.Heputhisbooksontopofhers.3.veryclosetosomething/somebody非常接近Wewerealllivingontopofeachotherinthattinyapartment.Thetruckwasalmostontopofus.4.incontrolofasituation

控制（局面）

Doyouthinkhe’sreallyontopofhisjob?Don’tworry;I’mbackontopofthingsnow.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIprotect,guard

保护，保卫

shieldv.1)Hehelduphishands,shieldinghiseyesfromthesun.2)Policebelievethatsomebodyisshieldingthekiller.3)Youcan’tshieldherfromthetruthforever.givenprep.takingsomethingintoaccount

考虑到

1)Giventhecircumstances,you’vedonereallywell.2)Giventhatthepatientshavesomedisabilities,westilltrytoenablethemtobeasindependentaspossible.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIdeformv.ifyoudeformsomething,orifitdeforms,itsusualshapechangessothatitsusefulnessorappearanceisspoiled

使······变形，毁坏······的外观1)Wearingbadly-fittingshoescandeformourfeet.2)Thediseaseoftencausesjointstodeform.looktosb./sth.todependonsomeonetoprovidehelp,adviceetc.

指望，依靠1)Welooktoyouforsupport.2)They’relookingtothenewmanagertomakethecompanyprofitable.WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIKeySentences1.Thesedaystherearesomanystoriesaboutthecriminalactivitiesofathletesthatsportspagesarebeginningtolooklikepolicereports.(l.1-2)Translation近来，关于体育运动中犯罪行为的报道特别多，以致于报纸的体育版面开始像警方报告栏。

Comments

此句中用了“so…that”句型。

Example1)Hewassoweakthathecouldhardlystandup.2)EverythinghappenedsoquicklythatIhadnotimetothink.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI2.Inanincreasinglycomplicatedanddisorderlyworld,sportsarestillanarenainwhichwecanregularlywitnessacertainkindofgreatness.(l.8-10)Translation“inwhich”引导的定语从句，修饰arena，表示“在这个竞技场内”。

在这个日益复杂和无序的世界，体育仍是我们能时常目睹某一种伟大表现的竞技场。

CommentsKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI3.Yetthere’ssomethingofaparadoxhere,fortheveryqualitiesasocietytendstoseekinitsheroes—selflessness,socialconsciousness,andthelike—arepreciselytheoppositeofthoseneededtotransformedatalentedbutotherwiseunremarkableneighborhoodkidintoaMichaelJordan.(l.11-14)Translation然而，这里却有些自相矛盾，因为社会往往在英雄身上寻求的那些品质——大公无私、社会意识，等等——与把一个有天分但原本并不起眼的街坊小孩变成迈克尔·乔丹所需的那些品质正好相反。

Comments此句中“tendto”为“易于，倾于，往往”的意思。those通常代指前文出现的复数名词，这里代指qualities，单数用that指代

。KeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI4.Theylearnveryquicklythattheywillbeacceptedbytheimportantfiguresintheirlives—parents,coachesandpeersaslongastheyareperceivedas“winners”.(l.23-25)Translation“aslongas”的意思是“只要，如果”，相当于“solongas”。

Comments他们很快发现，只要他们被看作是“胜利者”，就会被自己生活中的重要人物——父母、教练和朋友——所接受。

TobecontinuedKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIExampleYoumayusethebookasyoulike,as/solongasyoukeepitclean.

你尽管用这本书，只要别把它弄脏。Thestormlastedaslongas7days.

风暴持续了7天之久。另外，

“aslongas”还有“达······之久”的意思。ExampleKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI5.Youngathleteslearnthatsuccess,ratherthanhardandhonestplay,iswhatbringsrewards.

(l.27-28)Translation

ratherthan

而不是，而非

年轻运动员认为，是成功，而不是努力和诚实的比赛，能为他们带来回报。

CommentsExample1)Itwasthecolorofthatdress,ratherthanthestylethatattractedme.

是那件衣服的颜色而非款式吸引了我。2)Helayratherthansatinhisarmchair.

他是躺在而非坐在扶手椅里。TobecontinuedKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIExampleNote:

“rather…than”也可分开用，表示“宁可······而不；

是······而不是······；最好······而不······”，连接动词原形。

1)Iwouldratherdiethansurrender.

我宁死不屈。2)IwouldratherstayathomethangooutshoppingonSunday.

星期天我宁可呆在家里也不愿上街购物。

KeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI6.It’snotunheard-offorathleticdepartmentstafftowakeupathletesinthemorningandtotakethemtoclass.(l.36-37)Translation这是“Itis+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.”句型。其中，

“notunheard-of”是双重否定，表示肯定的意思，相当于heard-of。

体育部的老师早晨去把运动员们叫醒并把他们带到课堂上，这种事情并非闻所未闻。

CommentsKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI7.Giventhissituation,it’snottoosurprisingthatmanyyoungAmericanathleteslackafullydevelopedunderstandingofrightandwrong.(l.38-39)Translation此处given相当于considering…，意为“考虑到······”

，引导名词短语。

考虑到这种情况，许多美国年轻运动员缺乏成熟的是非观也就不足为奇了。CommentsExampleGiventheirexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.

考虑到他们经验不足，这工作他们做得已是相当不错了。KeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI8.Shereportsthatintheareaofmoralreasoning,athletesinvariablyscorelowerthannon-athletes—andthattheygrowworse

thelongertheyparticipateinathletics.(l.41-43)Translation表示“越······越······”一般用“themore…themore”，此结构和它所修饰的成分必须放于句首，形成倒装，一般是从句在前，主句在后。

她报告说，在伦理道德这一方面，运动员总是比非运动员得分低，而且他们从事体育运动时间越长，得分越低。

CommentsTobecontinuedKeySentencesPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIExample1)Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheis.2)Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).3)Theearlier(itis),thebetter(itis).Note:有时主句在前，用正常语序，即“主语+谓语+（the）+比较级”句型来表达。而从句在后，仍用“themore…”形式