第二学期第一讲

TheRomanticPeriod

andWilliamWordsworth(1)DomesticTurmoil(withtheIndustrialRevolution)Thecapitalists(thebourgeoisclass)TheproletarianclassClassconflictsaggravatedtoanunprecedenteddegree.(Luddites’movementof1811-1816)1.TheHistoricalBackground(2)GlobalRevolutionaryAtmosphereEngland’srelationshipsinthelastphaseofthe18thcenturywithIreland,Scotland,andhercoloniesinNorthAmericahasbecomecritical.(theuprisinginIreland,theAmericanWarofIndependencein1775)TheFrenchRevolution(1789)Ideasofdemocracy,equality,andfreedomweredisseminatedamongthepopulace.FalloftheBastille:14July1789CulturalBackground：thinkersRousseauReflectionontheRevolutioninFranceEdmundBurkeTheRightsofMan(1971ThomasPaine2.LiteraryTrend

RomanticismAmovementthatflourishedinliterature,philosophy,music,andartinWesterncultureduringthe19thcentury,beginningasarevoltagainstclassicism.Romanticismgaveprimaryconcerntopassion,emotion,andnaturalbeauty.TheEnglishRomanticperiodisanageofPoetry.CharacteristicsofRomanticism

Anincreasedappreciationofthebeautyandpowerofnature.Acelebrationofemotionandthesenses(feeling,intuition).Anemphasisonimaginationasameanstoattainspiritualtruth.Glorificationofthecommonplace(ordinary)Aninterestinthepast,theunusual,theunfamiliar.Believeinindividualityandfreedom.EnglishRomanticismEnglishRomanticism,asahistoricalphaseofliterature,isgenerallysaidtobeginin1798withthepublicationofLyricalBallads

抒情歌谣集byWordsworthandColeridge,andendedin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeathandthepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament.Owingtothedifferenceinpoliticalattitudes,theysplitintotwoschools:passiveoractiveromanticists:1.Passiveromanticists，bywayofprotestagainstcapitalistdevelopment，turnedtothefeudalpast,orturnedtonatureforprotection.Theyendeavorstobeautifylife,ortodistractpeoplefromthethingsaroundhimintohisinnerworld,intothoughts.TherepresentativesareWordsworth,ColeridgeandSouthey.Theyhaveoftenbeenmentionedasthe“LakePoets”.2.Activeromanticists:Theyexpressedtheaspirationsoftheclass(proletariat)andheldoutanideal,thoughavagueone,ofafuturesocietyfreefromoppressionandexploitation.Therepresentativesare:Byron,Shelley,andKeats.Theyarerevolutionaryromanticists.WilliamWordsworth

华兹华斯

(1770—1850)IntroductionWilliamWordsworth

(1770–1850)

PoetLaureate,OneofthegreatEnglishpoets,hewasaleaderoftheromanticmovementinEngland.Wordsworth’sLife

alawyer’sfamily

deathofparentsgrammarschoollakedistrictCambridge,vocationsummertourtoFrance1790-1792AftergettinghisdegreeinCambridge1797,ColeridgeseclusioninLakeDistrictPoetLaureatediedin1850,attheageof801793-1794Jacobindictatorshop;1799-1814NapoleonTheLakeDistrictLakeDistrictWordsworth’sbirthplace

inCockermouth,CumberlandGrasmereinLakeDistrictandDoveCottageDoveCottageOldResidenceofWilliamWordsworth

inRydalMountLakePoetsWordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge柯尔律治Southey骚塞beginningasradicalsandclosingasconservativesLyricalBallads(1798)JointlypublishedbyWordsworthandS.T.ColeridgeThemajorityofpoemsinthiscollectionwerewrittenbyWordsworth.Hewas“togivethecharmofnoveltytothingsofeveryday”Coleridge’schiefcontributionwashismasterpieceTheRimeoftheAncientMariner.(古舟子咏)Hetookupthe“supernatural,oratleastromantic”subjects.WordsworthPrinciplesofpoetryIntheprefaceof"LyricalBallads",hesetforthhisprinciplesofpeotry.1."Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings".2.Poetry“takesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility”“经过宁静中追忆的”3.Thetruefunctionofpoetryliesinitspowertogiveanunexpectedsplendortofamiliarandcommonplacethings.(humble,rusticlifeassubject-matter)4.Astolanguage,heendeavoredtobringhislanguageneartothereallanguageofman.deliberatesimplicity,refusaltodecorate.Wordsworthshortpoems1.PoemsaboutnatureAgreatpoetofnature."aworshipperofnature'.It'snaturethatgiveshimstrengthandknowledgefullofpeace.LinesWritteninEarlySpring“早春诗行”TotheCuckoo“致布谷鸟”

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud“我独自漫游像一朵浮云”MyHeartLeapsUp“我的心激烈地跳动”IntimationsofImmortality“不朽颂”LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey“丁登寺杂咏”LinesWrittenInEarlySpringIheardathousandblendednotes,

WhileinagroveIsatereclined,

Inthatsweetmoodwhenpleasantthoughts

Bringsadthoughtstothemind.ToherfairworksdidNaturelink

Thehumansoulthatthroughmeran;

Andmuchitgrievedmyhearttothink

Whatmanhasmadeofman.写于早春

我躺卧在树林之中，

听着融谐的千万声音，

闲适的情绪，愉快的思想，

却带来了忧心忡忡。大自然把她的美好事物

通过我联系人的灵魂，

而我痛心万分，想起了

人怎样对待着人。IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils:Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.Note:acrowd,/Ahost,of:alargenumberof.

ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOutdidthesparklingwavesinglee;Apoetcouldnotbutbegay;Insuchajocundcompany;Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought.Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.Notes:vacant:empty,thoughtless.

thatinwardeye/Whichistheblissofsolitude:thepoetthinksthatitisablisstorecollectthebeautyofnatureinhismindwhileheisinsolitude.

IWonderedLonelyasaCloudThefoursix-linestanzasofthispoemfollowaquatrain-coupletrhymescheme:ABABCC.Eachlineismeterediniambictetrameter.Question1Whatisyourgeneralimpressiononthispoem?Thepoetdepictshiswanderinganddiscoveryofafieldofdaffodilsbyalake,thememoryofwhichpleaseshimandcomfortshimwhenheislonely,bored,orrestless.Thepoemdisclosestherelationshipbetweennatureandhumanbeings:hownaturecanaffectone’semotionandbehaviorwithitsmotionandsound.Whatdoestheimageofcloudsuggesttoyou?Cloudrepresentsthefeelingsofthespeaker(thepoet)essentially.Itindicates:loneliness,isolation,solitude,aimlessness,aloofnessIwanderedlonelyasacloud---lonelinessThatfloatson---aimlessnessHighovervalesandhills---solitude,isolationQuestion3Whathascheeredthepoetup?Andhow?ahostofgoldendaffodils.fluttering,dancingandglitteringdaffodils;Shineandtwinkleasthestars;StretchedendlesslyThecloud-likepoetisdeeplyattractedbythebeautyofthenatureandturnstobehigh-spirited,insteadofbeinglonelyanymore.Question4Whathasthepoetmeditatedfromwhathehasdescribed?Andthetheme?Inlonelinessorinlowspirit,therecollectionofthenaturebeautybringshim“thebliss”and“pleasure”inhisheart.Thereforetheideaofgoingbacktonatureisadvocatedandclearlyexpressedinthispoem.

Question5Payattentiontothetenseusedinthispoem.Whatdoesitindicate?pasttensetherecollectionofthepastexperiencewillarouseanewsenseoftheoldmemories“whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought”“theblissofsolitude/flashuponthatinwardeye”SummaryofthepoemWhatdoesthepoemimpressyoumost?UseofimageVividdescriptionofnatureDailylanguageComparisonbetweenWordsworthandTaoQian采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。此中有真意，欲辩已忘言。2.PoemsabouthumanlifeHethinksthatacommonlifeistheonlysubjectofliteraryinterest.Heisamasterhandinsearchingandrevealingthefeelingsofcommonpeople.Thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes.Hissympathyalwaysgoestothesufferingpoor.

pathetic(忧郁)picturesoftheworkingpeople“TheSolitaryReaper”“孤独的收割者”“WeAreSeven”“我们是七个”“TheRuinedCottage”“SimonLee”“TheOldCumberlandBeggar”ShedweltamongtheuntroddenwaysBesidethespringsofDove,liveneverbesteppedonSheDweltamongtheUntroddenWaysAmaidwhomtherewerenonetopraiseAndveryfewtoloveAvioletbyamossystone

Halfhiddenfromtheeye!

---Fairasastar,whenonlyone

Isshininginthesky.Shelivedunknown,andfewcouldknowWhenLucyceasedtobe;Butsheisinhergrave,and,oh,Thedifferencetome!diedQuestion1Whatarethethreestanzasabout?

Inmemoryofacountry-girlnamedLucyQuestion2What’ssignificanceofthegirltothespeaker“I”?Howdoyouknow?Lucylivedunknownandfewtolove,butsheisimportantandherdeathisagreatshockto“me”.“Aviolet,fairasastarshiningintheskyWhensheceasedtome,/thedifferencetome”Question3Whataretheimagesofthesecondstanza?

usingtwodominantimages1)Violethalfhidden2)StarshiningintheskyQuestion4WhydoesthespeakercompareLucytoaviolet,notarose?TherosewillnotdotosupplyavagueenhancementtoLucy.Lucy’snaturalcharm,likethatoftheviolet,wasderivedfromhermodesty.She,too,was“half-hiddenfromtheeye”,obscureandunnoticed.Question5Doyouthinktheimage