第三组：说明文

第三组：说明文(一)Hi,Janice,It’sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschool.IreallywantsharewithyousomeproblemsI’vebeenexperiencing.AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendhere.

told

to

friends

Wehangouttogetherwheneverwecan.We’vebeenspendingmuchtimesinginkaraokebars.It’sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.AndIstartedtoseethisasawastingactivity.

much

singing

Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktohim?Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.Grace

them

were

What

but

(一)这是一封求助信，表达了作者的困扰。作者交了三位新朋友，经常一起闲逛和K歌，实际上作者并不想出去但又担忧失去这份友谊，她想寻求一些建议。1.在want后加to因want后用不定式作宾语。2.tell→told由后面的时间状语lasttime可知应用一般过去时。3.friend→friends由前面的three可知要用复数。4.sing→singing由固定结构spend…(in)doingsth.意为“花费……做某事”可知。5.many→much根据句意“它真的花费了我很多钱”，故用much指代钱(不可数)。6.so→but此处显然存在转折关系，故用并列连词but。7.How→What因作do的宾语，故要用what。8.are→were此处是虚拟语气。虚拟条件句中的系动词是be(对现在事实的虚拟)时，要用were。9.him→them根据上文可知作者交了三位朋友，故要用复数them。10.去掉help后的with因动词help是及物动词，可直接带宾语，不需加介词with。注意：helpsb.withsth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。wastingadj.浪费的hangout闲逛karaokebar酒吧sharewithsb.sth.与某人分享某物seethisas…把这看作……(二)Deareditor,I’msorrytooccupyyourprecioustime,andIreallywanttotellyouanythingabouttheproblemofsomepeoplekeepingpetsnowadays.Itaketheproblemseriouslyforthefollowingreason.First,asitisknowntoall,petsmakemuchnoisethattroublepeoplegreatly.

troubles

reasons

something

but

Additionally,it’swidelyacceptedthatanimalwastepollutestheenvironment,wheremakespeopleuncomfortable.Manyownersliketakingpetstopublicplaceswheretheymayfrightenchildrenorevenbitepeople.their

which

Mostimportant,petscanspreadsomediseasesthathaveattractedmuchattention.Takethesefactorsintoconsideration,IsincerelyhopeIcangethelptoyouandexpectthemediatodosomethingforthis.Yourstruly,LiHua

from

Taking

importantly

(二)作者(LiHua)向媒体写信就人们养宠物这个问题寻求帮助。1.and→but表转折用并列连词but。2.anything→something肯定句用something。3.reason→reasons下文列举的原因不止一个，故用复数。4.去掉isknown前的it由常用结构asisknowntoall意为“众所周知”可知。5.trouble→troubles先行词noise是不可数名词，故此处要用第三人称单数。6.where→which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。7.在taking后加their表“他们的宠物”，故要加their，此乃英语的习惯表达，交代清楚是“谁的……”。8.important→importantly修饰整个句子要用副词。9.Take→Taking此处Take作非谓语，与逻辑主语I存在主动关系，故用现在分词。10.help后的to→from此处理应表“从你那里”，故用from。occupyvt.占据preciousadj.宝贵的followingadj.下面的additionallyadv.此外frightenvt.吓唬spreadvt.传播sincerelyadv.真诚地factorn.因素take…seriously认真对待；重视It’swidelyacceptedthat…人们普遍认为take…intoconsideration把……考虑在内attractmuchattention引起很多注意(三)DearFengYing,I’vereceivedyourletter,inthatyousaidyouwantedtoloseweightbydieting.It’snaturalthatgirlsofyouragehopetolookbeautiful,andinmyopinion,healthoverweighsbeautiful.Forastudent,studyisthefirstthingtoconsiderbutappearanceisthesecond.

while

beauty

but

which

Sodon’tletothers’ideasaffectyournormallife.However,ifyoudidwanttoloseweight,it’sgoodideatodoitbytakingexerciseandchangeunhealthyeatinghabits.

changing

a

do

Furthermore,youshouldkeepforahealthystateofmind,whichishelpfulinmanyaspects.Ihopemyadviceswillbehelpfultoyou.I’mlookingforwardtohearfromyou.Yours,LiHua

hearing

advice

(三)作者(LiHua)给FengYing回信就如何合理减肥提供建议。1.that→which非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。2.and→but表转折用并列连词but。3.beautiful→beauty作宾语要用名词形式。4.but→while表对比用并列连词while。5.did→do此处是强调谓语，而全文的主体时态是一般现在时，故要用do。6.在good前加a由常用句型it’sagoodideatodosth.意为“做某事是个好主意”可知。idea是可数名词。7.change→changing作介词by的宾语要用动词-ing形式，与前面的taking并列。8.去掉keep后的for因keep是及物动词。9.advices→advice因advice是不可数名词。10.hear→hearing由固定短语lookforwardtodoingsth.意为“期待做某事”可知。overweighvt.比……重要appearancen.外貌affectvt.影响furthermoreadv.此外loseweight减肥ofyourage你这个年龄的normallife正常生活stateofmind心态inmanyaspects在很多方面It’snaturalthat………是自然的(四)IoftenquarrelaboutmymotheroverwhetherIcanwatchTVafterschool.SheholdsviewthatSenior3studentsmustmakefullyuseofeveryminutetoworkhardattheirlessons.

full

the

with

ItseemstomethatonceI’mallowedtodothat,I’llbeunabletocontrolmyselfandforgettingallaboutmystudy.Shealsothinksit’sbadformyeye.ButIreallycan’tacceptherideas.

eyes

forget

her

Inmyview,watchTVcansetmymindatrestafteraday’shardworks.Besides,it’simportantforustoknowwhathadhappenedathomeandatabroad.Thus,weshouldn’tbeforbiddentowatchTV.

has

work

watching

(四)本文作者和母亲关于自己能不能看电视展开了争论。1.about→with由固定短语quarrelwithsb.意为“和某人争论”可知。2.在view前加the由固定短语holdtheview意为“认为”可知。也可以说，view后有定语从句，表特指。3.fully→full修饰名词use要用形容词full。4.me→her根据上下文意思可推知，此处是指“对她来说好像”。5.forgetting→forget情态动词后用动词原形，与be并列。6.eye→eyes因eye是可数名词，此处理应是指“双眼”，故用复数。7.watch→watching作主语要用动词-ing形式。8.works→work因work是不可数名词。9.had→has全文的主体时态是一般现在时，故此处要用现在完成时。10.去掉abroad前的at由固定短语athomeandabroad“在国内外”可知。abroad本身可作副词，前面无需加介词。quarrelvi.争吵；吵架thusadv.因此onceconj.一旦Senior3students高三学生workhardat…努力学习beforbiddentodo被禁止做inmyview在我看来setmymindatrest让我的头脑休息一下(五)Timeisvaluablebutlimit.Thereisafamoussaying,“Timeislife”,thisshowstheimportanceoftime.Whentimehadgone,it’llneverreturn.It’sapitywhenmanypeoplemakepooruseoftime.

that

has

which

limited

Theyspendtheirprecioustimeoversleeping,drinkingandhangingaround.Theydon’trealizewastingtimeisequalwithwastingtheirlife.Theyalwaysregrethavingmadelittleachievementsofar.

to

However,weshouldformthehabitofvaluetime.Don’tputoffwhatcanbedonetodaytomorrow.Lazinesswillnotonlybringusthefailure,butalsoleadustotheroadtopovertyandevendeaths.

death

till/until

valuing

Therefore

(五)本文告诉我们，时间是有限的，我们要珍惜时间。1.limit→limited作表语要用形容词。2.this→which引导非限制性定语从句。3.had→has全文的主体时态是一般现在时，故此处用现在完成时。4.when→that由固定句型it’sapitythat意为“……很可惜”可知，that引导主语从句。5.with→to由固定短语beequalto意为“与……相等”可知。6.However→Therefore根据上下文，此处理应表“因果”关系，故要用Therefore。7.value→valuing作介词of的宾语，要用动词-ing形式valuing，意为“珍惜”。8.在tomorrow前加till/until由固定短语putoff…till/until…意为“把……推迟到……”可知。till/until在此作介词，并非连接词。9.去掉failure前的the抽象名词前不加冠词。此处是第一次提到，而且并无特指，故不用定冠词。10.deaths→death因和poverty是并列关系，故用单数death。deaths意为“死亡人数”。valuableadj.有价值的preciousadj.珍贵的oversleepvi.睡过头povertyn.贫穷sofar迄今为止putoff推迟hangaround闲荡formthehabitof…养成……的习惯(六)Doyoureadreviewsafteryouseeamovie?Iusetodothat,butIusuallyregretted.IreadsomuchaboutamovieonadvancethatIoftenendedupnotgotoseeitatall.

going

in

used

before

Thewriterspointouteverythingthat’swrongwiththefilm,butseldommentionsanythinggoodaboutthem.Theyalsotellmanythingsandeventheendingofthemovie.LatelyIhavechangedwayIchoosemoviestowatch.the

it

mention

Ireadreviewsafterwards.What’simportancetomeisthatIdon’twatchthetalkshowsinthatpeoplediscussmovies.Idon’taskothershowtheylikeofit.Now,Ienjoymyselfevenmore.

which

important

(六)本文作者就“看电影评论的方式”谈了自己的观点。1.after→before根据下文可知，应该是在看电影之前看的评论，故用before。2.use→used由固定短语usedtodo意为“过去常常”可知。3.on→in由固定短语inadvance意为“提前”可知。4.go→going由固定短语endupdoing意为“以……结束”可知。5.mentions→mention主语是复数名词writers，故不用第三人称单数。6.them→it指代前面的thefilm，故用单数it。7.在way前加the此处表特指，故要用定冠词。8.importance→important作表语要用形容词。9.people前的that→which在带有介词的定语从句中不能用that。10.去掉like后的of因like是及物动词。reviewn.评论regretvi.后悔afterwardsadv.事后pointout指出talkshow访谈节目evenmore更多地(七)Lastweek,studentsinourclasshelddebateonwhetherweshouldshoponline.Moststudentsareinfavorforit,thinkthatshoppingonlinecanhelppeoplesavetime.

thinking

of

aBesides,shoppingonlinenotonlyallowpeopletobrowsemanyitemswithoutleavingourhomes,butalsoletsthemcomparethepricesofgoodsinashorttime.

their

allows

Moreimportant,theInternetisopenalldaylong,soitisofgreatconvenientforthosewhoarebusyinthedaytime.However,specialattentionmustbepaytothesafetyofonlineshopping.Peopleneedtomakesureofthattheygetthattheyhaveorderedbeforepayingforthebill.

what

paid

convenience

importantly

(七)本文论述了网络购物的优点和缺点。1.在debate前加a因debate是可数名词，故要加不定冠词。2.for→of由固定短语infavorof意为“赞同”可知。3.think→thinking分析句子成分可知此处think作非谓语，且与逻辑主语students存在主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。4.allow→allows本句主语是shoppingonline，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。5.our→their由前面的people可知要用their。6.important→importantly作状语要用副词形式。7.convenient→convenience因beofgreat+抽象名词=bevery+形容词。8.pay→paid此处是被动，故要用过去分词。9.去掉makesure后的of因makesurethat+从句是固定句型，此处of显然是多余的。10.get后的that→what引导宾语从句。根据语境可知应该用what才符合逻辑。debaten.辩论browsevt.浏览itemn.物品comparevt.对比goodsn.商品ordervt.定购；定(货)savetime节省时间inashorttime在很短时间内inthedaytime在白天payforthebill买单(八)Withthedevelopmentofourcountry’seconomy,moreandmorepeoplebuycars,thatcausesserioustrafficproblemsandenvironmentalpollution.AsfarasIamconcernedabout,thesolutionsofthisproblemarepresentedasfollows.to

which

Firstly,thegovernmentshouldrestricttheamountofcar-buyingandraisesthecostsofowningprivatecars.Secondly,carsfromotherplacesoughtbelimitedtogoingtobigcities.

raise

to

Beside,thegove