浪漫主义时期文学 the lamb the tyger william blake

WilliamBlake(1757-1827)ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower,HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndEternityinanhour.----WilliamBlake:AuguriesofInnocence

一沙一世界,一花一片天，掌中握无限,永恒刹那间!----译者不详从一粒沙看世界，从一朵花看天堂，把永恒纳进一个时辰，把无限握在自己手心。——王佐良1.LifeandCareerBornNov.28,1757,inLondon.Sonofahaberdasher.Largelyself-taught.Originallystudiedtobeanartist.Startedwritingpoetryat12.Supportedhimselfasanengraverandillustratorofhisownandother’swork.2.MajorWorksSongsofInnocence(1789)SongsofExperience(1794)MarriageofHeavenandHell(1790)afewpropheticbooks,SongsofInnocence/ExperienceSongsofInnocenceandExperienceTheSongsofInnocencewerepublishedbyBlakein1789,andheproducedacombinedversionofSongsofInnocenceandofExperiencein1794.TheSongsarenowoftenstudiedfortheirliterarymeritalone,buttheywereoriginallyproducedasilluminatedbooks,engraved,hand-printed,andcolouredbyBlakehimself.Thetextofthepoemandtheaccompanyingillustrationformedanintegratedwhole,eachaddingmeaningtotheother.SongsofInnocence:theinnocent,pastoralworldofchildhood;TheLamb

Songsofexperience:anadultworldofcorruptionandrepression;TheTyger.在《天真之歌》中，诗人以“羔羊”为中心意象，组成一个欢乐、善良、和谐的农业文明图景：牧童吹着欢乐的短笛，歌声荡漾在青草地上；孩子在荒野中迷了路，上帝就化身为父亲将他送回家去；小蚂蚁迷了路，萤火虫打着灯笼送它回家；羔羊在吃草，狮子在羊栏边徘徊了一阵，流下“金色的眼泪”，终于躺下来和它睡在一起……而在《经验之歌》中，诗人则以“老虎”为中心意象，展现现一幅正在生长中的痛苦、邪恶、分裂的现代工来文明图景：田野一片荒芜，道路长满荆棘；孩子们论落街头，挨家挨户扫烟囱；士兵们在流血叹息，妓女们在夜半的街头诅咒；街道和河流“专利”化，“残酷、妒忌、恐怖和隐秘”代替了“爱、仁慈、怜悯与和平。”

TheChimneySweeperisthetitleoftwopoemsbyWilliamBlake,publishedinSongsofInnocencein1789andSongsofExperiencein1794.Intheearlierpoem,ayoungchimneysweeperrecountsadreamhadbyoneofhisfellows,inwhichanangelrescuestheboysfromcoffinsandtakesthemtoasunnymeadow;inthelaterpoem,anapparentlyadultspeakerencountersachildchimneysweeperabandonedinthesnowwhilehisparentsareatchurch.

Alittleblackthingamongthesnow:

Cryingweep,weep,innotesofwoe!

Wherearethyfather&mother?say?

Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.

BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,

Andsmil'damongthewinterssnow:

Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,

Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.

AndbecauseIamhappy&dance&sing,

Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury:

AndaregonetopraiseGod&hisPriest&King,

Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery.

Religionistheinstrumentoftheirrepression/oppressionitsnatureistohelpbringmiserytothepoorchildren.WilliamBlake’s“TheLamb”TheLamb

LittleLamb,whomadethee?Dostthouknowwhomadethee?Gavetheelife,&bidtheefeedBythestream&o'erthemead;Gavetheeclothingofdelight,Softestclothing,wooly,bright;Gavetheesuchatendervoice,Makingallthevalesrejoice?LittleLamb,whomadethee?Dostthouknowwhomadethee?

LittleLamb,I'lltellthee,LittleLamb,I'lltellthee,Heiscalledbythyname,ForhecallshimselfaLamb.Heismeek,&heismild;Hebecamealittlechild.Iachild,&thoualamb,Wearecalledbyhisname.LittleLamb,Godblessthee!LittleLamb,Godblessthee!

小羊羔谁创造了你

你可知道谁创造了你

给你生命，哺育着你

在溪流旁，在青草地；

给你穿上好看的衣裳，

最软的衣裳毛茸茸多漂亮；

给你这样温柔的声音，

让所有的山谷都开心；

小羔羊谁创造了你

你可知道谁创造了你；

小羔羊我要告诉你，

小羔羊我要告诉你；

他的名字跟你的一样，

他也称他自己是羔羊；

他又温顺又和蔼，

他变成了一个小小孩，

我是个小孩你是羔羊

咱俩的名字跟他一样。

小羔羊上帝保佑你。

小羔羊上帝保佑你。

Questions(1)Thetheme?

Thematically,theworkexaltsthegoodnessofthecreatorandfindswithinthecreatorasourceofgentleness,selflessness,andlove.(2)“heiscalledbythename,Forhecallshimselfalamb”,what’sthemeaningofthissentence?

Jesusandlamb.JesuswascrucifiedduringtheFeastofthePassover(celebratingtheJews'escapefromEgypt)whenlambswereslaughteredinthetempleatJerusalem.Thiswasbelievedtotakeawaythesinsofthepeoplewhotookpartinthefeast.SowhenJesuswaskilled,forthesinsofallpeople,accordingtotheChristianfaith,HecametobecalledTheLambofGod.

(3)WilliamBlake’s“TheLamb”hasasingulartopicandtheme,howdoesthepoetstrengthenthetheme?nursery-rhymerepetition,immediaterhymescheme&end-stoppedline;Thesettingisdescribedbythegreenvale-apastoralscenewithstream;Wordssuchas:“tender,”“meek,”and“wooly”emphasizegentlenature;Thespeakerofthepoemislikeonewhowhisperstoachildawakenedinthenight,whisperingsweetassurancesandofferingcomfort.TheTyger.uk/learning/worksinfocus/blake/works/songs_06.html1Thefirststep:readthepoem,understanditliterally.(1):Thispoetasksaquestion:whocouldhavedaredtomake('frame')abeastasterrifyingasthetiger?老虎!老虎!黑夜的森林中/燃烧着的煌煌的火光，/是怎样的袖手或天眼/造出了你这样的威武堂堂?

(2-4):Thedangerousprocessofcreation你炯炯的两眼中的火/燃烧在多远的天空或深渊?/他乘着怎样的翅膀搏击?/用怎样的手夺来火焰?

又是怎样的膂力，怎样的技巧，/把你的心脏的筋肉捏成?/当你的心脏开始搏动时，/使用怎样猛的手腕和脚胫?

是怎样的槌?怎样的链子?/在怎样的熔炉中炼成你的脑筋?/是怎样的铁砧?怎样的铁臂?/敢于捉着这可怖的凶神?

(5):Thepoetasksthequestion:'Didhesmilehisworktosee?DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee?'

群星投下了他们的投枪。/用它们的眼泪润湿了穹苍，/他是否微笑着欣赏他的作品?/他创造了你，也创造了羔羊?

(6):Thesixthstanzaisidenticaltotheopeningverse,givingthepoemitself'symmetry'

老虎!老虎!黑夜的森林中/燃烧着的煌煌的火光，/是怎样的神手或天眼/造出了你这样的威武堂堂?

2Thesecondstep:analyzethepoemindetails;

(a)Tyger?(Tiger)(b)直呼法（apostrophe),questionmark(？)，excalmatorymark(！)(c)格律：扬抑格(trochee)(d)韵律：aabb(e)Notes:burningbright;fearfulsymmetry;distantdeeps;begantobeat;whatdreadgraspdareitsdeadlyterrorsgrasp?(f)whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears,Andwater’dheavenwiththeirtears?