高中英语高考押题卷押题卷 新高考英语 押题卷 江苏专用

2023年新高考押题卷（三）英语试卷江苏专用考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题分,满分分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHerearesomeappsyoumayfinduseful.MirrorItislikehavingapersonaltrainerinyourhomewithyou.Thesupersmartscreenisdesignedtolooklikeafull—lengthmirror.Itoffersmorethan20typesofworkoutswithclassesrangingfrom15to60minutesandbeginnertoexpertlevels.Mirrorrequiresspecialequipmentthatisseparatefromthepriceofamembership.PelotonEventhosewhodon'tlikeexerciseknowwhatPelotonis.WorkoutsavailableonthePelotonappgofarpastbiking.ButwithsomanyPelotondie—hardspraisingtheappasoneofthebestcardio(有氧运动)workoutsoutthere,thecyclingaspectdeservesaspotlight.Pelotoniscommunity—basedandoffersthechancetobikewithothermembers.Classesarefuntofollowalong,ledbyfamousinstructors.FitbodItbuildscustomworkoutsbasedonyourstrength—trainingability,pastworkouts,andavailablegymequipment.Eachdayyougetapersonalizedfitnessplantohelpyougetstronger.Itisitsadvantagethatattractsmanydie—hardfans.Fitbodworkoutsfocusonallyourmusclegroupsintheclasses.Fitbodisfreetotry,butifyouwanttounlocktheunlimitedworkouts,youhavetopay.TonalItisdesignedforpeoplewholiketherangeofmachinesatthegym,butdon'tlikesharingthem.Itbringsthewholegymsetuphome,butit'snotcheap.Accessories(配件)likehandlesandabencharesoldseparately.Insteadoftakingupabunchofspaceinyourgarageorbasement,Tonalprovideseverythingincludingfitnessclassesinatouch—screendisplay.1．Whichappisbestforcyclists?A．Fitbod. B．Tonal. C．Mirror. D．Peloton.2．WhatisspecialaboutFitbod?A．Itoffersdailyworkoutplan.B．Itcanbeusedforfreeforever.C．Ithasofflinepersonaltrainers.D．Itcentersonweightlossprograms.3．Whatdothefourappshaveincommon?A．Theyrequirecustomerstoregister.B．Theysellrelevantequipment.C．Theygivefitnessclassesonline.D．Theycanbeusedwhileworking.【答案】DAC【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款健身软件。1．细节理解题。根据“Peloton”部分第二句“ButwithsomanyPelotondie—hardspraisingtheappasoneofthebestcardio(有氧运动)workoutsoutthere,thecyclingaspectdeservesaspotlight.”（但是，有那么多的铁杆粉丝称赞这款应用是最好的有氧运动之一，因此骑行方面值得关注。）可知，对于骑行的人来说Peloton是最好的应用。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Fitbod”部分第二句“Eachdayyougetapersonalizedfitnessplantohelpyougetstronger.”（每天你都会得到一个个性化的健身计划来帮助你变得更强壮。）可知，Fitbod的特殊之处在于它提供每日健身计划。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据“Mirror”部分第三句“Itoffersmorethan20typesofworkoutswithclassesrangingfrom15to60minutesandbeginnertoexpertlevels.”（它提供20多种类型的锻炼，课程从15分钟到60分钟不等，初学者到专家水平。），“Peloton”部分最后一句“Classesarefuntofollowalong,ledbyfamousinstructors.”（在著名导师的带领下，跟随课程是很有趣的。），“Fitbod”部分倒第二句“Fitbodworkoutsfocusonallyourmusclegroupsintheclasses.”（Fitbod健身在课堂上的集中在所有肌肉群。）和“Tonal”部分最后一句“Insteadoftakingupabunchofspaceinyourgarageorbasement,Tonalprovideseverythingincludingfitnessclassesinatouch—screendisplay.”（与在你的车库或地下室占用大量空间不同，tone在触摸屏上提供包括健身课程在内的一切服务。）可知，这四款应用都提供线上健身课程。故选C。BWheniscleaningwallsacrime?Whenyou’redoingittocreateart,obviously.Anumberofstreetartistsaroundtheworldhavestartedexpressingthemselvesthroughapracticeknownasreversegraffiti(涂鸦).Theyfinddirtysurfacesandpaintthemwithimagesormessagesusingcleaningbrushesorpressurehoses(高压水管).Eitherway,it’sthesameprinciple:theimageismadebycleaningawaythedirt.Eachartisthastheirownindividualstylebutallartistsshareacommonaim:todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities.TheUK’sPaulCurtis,betterknownasMoose,operatesaroundLeedsandLondonandhasbeenappointedbyanumberofcompaniestomakereversegraffitiadvertisements.Brazilianartist,AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo’stransporttunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin2023bygettingridofthedirt.Madeupofseriesofwhiteskulls(颅骨),thepaintingremindsdriversoftheeffecttheirpollutionishavingontheplanet.“Everymotoristsitsinthecomfortoftheircar,buttheydon’tgiveanyconsiderationtothepricetheircomforthasfortheenvironmentandconsequentlyforthemselves,”saysOrion.Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegraffitiartistsconfusescityauthoritiessincethemainargumentagainstgraffitiisthatitspoilstheappearanceofbothtypesofproperty:publicandprivate.ThiswaswhatLeedsCityCouncilsaidaboutMoose’swork:“Leedsresidentswanttoliveincleanandattractiveneighborhoods.Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamageandwilltakestrongactionagainstit.”Moosewasorderedto“cleanuphisact.”Howwashesupposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?AsfortheBrazilianartist’swork,theauthoritieswereannoyedbutcouldfindnothingtochargehimwith.Theyhadnootheroptionbuttocleanthetunnel—butonlythepartsAlexandrehadalreadycleaned.Theartistmerelycontinuedhiscampaignontheotherside.Thecityofficialsthendecidedtotakefurtheraction.TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSaoPaulo.4．Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutreversegraffiti?A．Itusespainttocreateanti-pollutionimages.B．Itcreatesalotoftroubleforlocalresidents.C．Itcauseslotsofdistractiontodrivers.D．Itturnsdirtywallsintoartisticworks.5．WhatdowelearnaboutBrazilianartistAlexandreOrion?A．Hewasgoodatpaintingwhiteskulls.B．Hechosetunnelstodohisgraffitiart.C．Hesuggestedbanningallpollutingcars.D．Hewasfondofdoingcreativeartworks.6．WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutLeedsCityCouncil’sdecision?A．Itissimplyabsurd. B．Itiswell-informed.C．Itisratherunexpected. D．Itisquitesensible.7．HowdidSaoPaulocityofficialshandleAlexandreOrion'sreversegraffiti?A．TheymadehimcleanallthetunnelsinSaoPaulo.B．Theytookfurtheractiontobanallreversegraffiti.C．Theychargedhimwithpollutingtunnelsinthecity.D．Theymadeitimpossibleforhimtopracticehisart.【答案】ABAD【分析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论涂鸦是否犯罪，讲述在涂鸦方面艺术家们和政府之间的矛盾：艺术家们为了呼吁环保而涂鸦，而政府因为保护环境禁止涂鸦。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities(关注我们城市的污染)”及第三段“Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegraffiti(反污染意义的涂鸦)”可知，艺术家们涂鸦是为了创造反污染的概念。故选A项。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Brazilianartist,AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo'stransporttunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin2023bygettingridofthedirt.(在2023年，巴西艺术家AlexandreOrion把SaoPaulo的交通隧道变成令人惊奇的涂鸦墙，使交通隧道摆脱尘土)”可知，AlexandreOrion在交通隧道里涂鸦。故选B项。6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamageandwilltakestrongactionagainstit.(我们认为这种广告会破坏环境，所以要强力反对)”及“Moosewasorderedto“cleanuphisact.”(Moose被命令“改过自新”)”可知，前文讲述艺术家为了呼吁环保而涂鸦，但是当局却认为涂鸦是污染环境的行为，禁止艺术家涂鸦。再根据“Howwashesupposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?(该怎么做呢？要把他所有干净的杰作再弄脏吗？)”可推知，作者提出这样的问题是为了表达对当局做法的否定。故选A项。7．推理判断题。根据第四段“TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSaoPaulo.(他们不仅要清除这个隧道的涂鸦，还有SaoPaulo里的每一个隧道)”可推知，圣保罗市的官员们让亚历山大·奥利翁的涂鸦成为不可能。故选D项。CTheideaofbillionsofpeoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthispandemicdefinitelyringsalarmbells,butateamofresearchersinMelbournemayhavethesolution.They’vediscoveredthataddingmillionsofdiscardedfacemaskstoroad-paving(铺路)mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventingbillionsofthemfromlandfills.Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,andthepolypropylene(聚丙烯)plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalsoincreasedtheflexibilityanddurabilityoftheroad.Thenewmaterialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcreteaggregate(RCA)—amaterialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.Thisrecycledmaterialwasfoundinthestudytobeidealfortwoofthefourlayersgenerallyrequiredtocreateroadways.Pavingakilometeroftwo-wayroadwiththeRCAandthreemillionfacemaskswouldresultinachangeof93tonsofwastefromlandfills.Thefinalproductthenismoreresistanttowearthanasphalt(沥青),aswellasbeingcheapertoo,providedtherewasamethodforcollectingmasks.Theresearchteamdidacost-analysisandfoundthat,at$26perton,theRCAwasabouthalfthecostofminingrawmaterials,andasmuchasathirdofthecostofshippingtheusedmaskstoalandfill.Thewidespreadapplicationwouldbeidealforlargeinfrastructure(基础设施)projects.Forexample,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintermsofunaddressedrepairsinthe.IfthedamagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththeRCA/maskmixture,itwouldreusenearly10billionmasks,sparingAmericanlandfillshundredsofmillionsoftonsoftrash.It’ssaidthattheteamislookingforprivateindustrypartnersorgovernmentswillingtogivetheirplasticmaskroadanopportunityforalarge-scaletest.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”meaninparagraph2?A．Recycled. B．Produced.C．Mixed. D．Abandoned.9．Whatisthenewmaterialusedtopavewaysmadeof?A．2%tornmasks,concreteandtonsoftrash.B．Polypropyleneplasticandbuildingmaterials.C．Single-usesurgicalmasksandrecycledconcreteaggregate.D．Wasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.10．Whyarenumbersmentionedinparagraph5?A．Totelluswhattheteamhasfound.B．Toprovethismaterialiscost-effectiveinpavingroads.C．Toexplainrepairingroadscostsalotofmaterials.D．Topraisethehardworktheteamhasdone.11．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Thematerialusedtopaveroadsismadeofmasks.B．Generallyspeaking,itrequirestwolayerstocreateroadways.C．Itremainstobetestedwhetherthesolutionispractical.D．ThedamagedroadsinWashingtonwererepairedwiththeRCA．【答案】DCBC【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了疫情大流行期间每周有大量的口罩被扔掉，墨尔本的一组研究人员计划将人们用过的废弃口罩添加到铺路的混合材料中去，不过该解决方案是否可行还有待测试。8．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“They’vediscoveredthataddingmillionsoffacemaskstoroad-paving(铺路)mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventingbillionsofthemfromlandfills.”可知，他们发现，将数百万个口罩添加到铺路混合料中，实际上可以降低道路成本，同时防止数十亿个口罩被填埋。根据第一段的“Theideaofbillionsofpeoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthispandemicdefinitelyringsalarmbells,butateamofresearchersinMelbournemayhavethesolution.”可知，疫情大流行期间每周有数十亿人戴着口罩的想法肯定会敲响警钟，但墨尔本的一组研究人员可能有解决方案。将上下文结合起来可知，解决方案是将人们用过的废弃口罩添加到铺路的混合材料中去。由此可知，划线单词意为“被遗弃的”。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,andthepolypropylene(聚丙烯)plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalsoincreasedtheflexibilityanddurabilityoftheroad.”可知，仅一公里的道路就需要300万个口罩，而用于制造一次性手术口罩的聚丙烯塑料也提高了道路的柔韧性和耐用性。再根据第三段的“Thenewmaterialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcreteaggregate(RCA)—amaterialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.”可知，这种新材料是约2％破损口罩与再生混凝土骨料（RCA）的混合物，后者是从废弃混凝土和被毁建筑物中的其他矿物中获得的。由此可知，铺路用的新材料是一次性使用口罩和再生混凝土骨料组成的。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第五段的“Forexample,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintermsofunaddressedrepairsinthe.IfthedamagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththeRCA/maskmixture,itwouldreusenearly10billionmasks,sparingAmericanlandfillshundredsofmillionsoftonsoftrash.”可知，例如，就美国未解决的维修而言，华盛顿的道路是美国第11糟糕的。如果使用再生混凝土骨料（RCA）和口罩的混合物来修复华盛顿州受损的道路，它将重复使用近100亿个口罩，从而使美国的垃圾掩埋场减少数亿吨的垃圾填埋。由此可知，第5段中提到的数字是为证明这种材料在铺路时具有成本效益。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“It’ssaidthattheteamislookingforprivateindustrypartnersorgovernmentswillingtogivetheirplasticmaskroadanopportunityforalarge-scaletest.”可知，据说，该团队正在寻找愿意为其塑料口罩道路提供大规模测试机会的私营行业合作伙伴或政府。由此可知，该解决方案是否可行还有待测试。故选C。DHardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealthproblemintheGlobalSouth’slandfillsites(垃圾填埋场).Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana’scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-wastedumpintheworld,where10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspartofaninformalrecyclingprocess.Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.ButAgbogbloshielegallyshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.Thee-wasteindustry,however,circumventsregulationbyexportinge-wastelabelledas“secondhandgoods”topoorcountrieslikeGhana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisisnotsurprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury(水银),leadandevenarsenic(砷).Reportedly,oneeggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemicalwhichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat’sabout220timesgreaterthanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana’stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers’waste.Forexample,GermanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainablerecyclingsystematAgbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereisanalmostlimitlessconsumerdemandforhardware,especiallywhengovernments’greenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.12．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A．Electronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsites.B．Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.C．Electronicproductsneedtobeimprovedimmediately.D．ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumvents”inParagraph3mean?A．Relaxes. B．Abolishes. C．Avoids. D．Tightens.14．Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?A．TheviolationofEFSA’sstandards. B．Thethreatofpollutedfoodworldwide.C．ThelackofdiversityinGhana’sexports. D．Thedamagetochicken’simmunesystem.15．Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?A．Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility.B．Reducingcustomers’demandsforelectronicproducts.C．Governmentsadjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.D．Manufacturers’developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.【答案】DCBD【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾虽被掩埋在欠发达国家，但已成为危害全人类的公敌，因此政府和制造商都应该作出努力来减少电子垃圾污染。12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.(目前，电子垃圾占全球垃圾总量的5%，而且随着越来越多的人拥有不止一台智能手机、笔记本电脑和移动电源，这一比例还将迅速上升。它们最终在加纳首都阿克拉郊区的Agbogbloshie等地落脚)”可推知，随着电子垃圾的快速增长，Agbogbloshie地区的电子污染是一个严峻的问题。故选D。13．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.(1989年签署的《巴塞尔公约》旨在防止发达国家未经授权向欠发达国家倾倒电子垃圾)”可知划线词所在的句子意思是发达国家打着向发展中国家出口“二手物品”的幌子将电子垃圾转移到发展中国家来避开《巴塞尔公约》的规定，可推知划线词的意思为“避开、躲避”。A.Relaxes放松；B.Abolishes.废除；C.Avoids.避免、躲避；D.Tightens.拉紧。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts(最令人担忧的是，这些有毒的化学物质可以随意污染更广阔的土壤和水系统。这应该引起我们所有人的关注，因为加纳的一些主要出口产品是可可和坚果）”可知，加纳大量对外出口可可和坚果，所以全球范围内都会受到被污染食物的威胁。故选B。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.(只有制造商才能解决这个问题。一个经济上更可持续、政治上更可行的解决方案是，鼓励硬件制造商使硬件的维修、再利用和回收变得有利可图，或者至少不影响成本)”可知，作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关键在于硬件生产商，他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则，生产便于维修、可回收利用的电子产品。故选D。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AlfredNobelRestsinPeacePeoplelikeMartinLutherKingJr.,NelsonMandela,andMotherTeresahavebecomefamousallaroundtheworld.16．TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.ButnoneofthemwouldhavereceivedtherecognitionitbringshaditnotbeenforoneSwedishman,AlfredNobel.WhenAlfredjoinedtheNobelfamilycompany,ithadbeendevelopingexplosivesformanyyears.HisfatherhadstartedthefamilyfortunebyworkingfortheRussianarmytoproducelandminesandseamines.Butthefamilymadeevenmoremoneybymanufacturingnitroglycerine,whichwasaverydangerousexplosive.OnedayAlfredarrivedhometofindhis20-year-oldbrotherEmilhadbeenkilledinanitroglycerineexplosion.17．Theresultwasdynamite（甘油炸药），whichbecameanimmediatesuccessallovertheworld.AlfredNobelalwayswanteddynamitetobeusedforpeacefulmeans.Unfortunately，whentheFirstWorldWarended，dynamitehadbeenusedtotakeawaythelivesofthousandsofyoungmen.18．Toseehisinventionbeingusedinthiswaymadehimverysad.SometimelaterAlfred'solderbrotherLudwigdied.OnenewspaperaccidentallyprintedAlfred'sobituaryinsteadofhisbrother's.ItdescribedAlfredasamanwhohadbecomerichbyinventingaweaponofmassdestruction.Afterreadingthereviewofhislife.Alfredwashorrifiedanddecidedtousethegreatfortunehehadmadetorewardpeoplewhohadbeenworkingtopromotegoodinsociety.19．TheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedtothepersonwhohaddonethemost，orthebest,worktopromotefriendshipbetweencountries,toabolisharmiesortoholdandpromotepeaceconferences.In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.20．Perhapsnow,AlfredNobelwillrestmoreeasilyinhisgrave.A．Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?B．Hence,itwasalargeamountofmoney.C．Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.D．Hewassogrievedbytheaccidentthatheevendesiredtogiveuphisjob.E．Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.F．Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes’G．Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics，chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.【答案】ACFGE【分析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍诺贝尔奖的创始人AlfredNobel的一生经历。诺贝尔奖授予了应得之人，AlfredNobel在他的坟墓里会安息得更安稳。16．根据下文提示“TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.（他们都是诺贝尔和平奖的获得者）”可知，此处应该是询问其共同点是什么。所以A项Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?（它们有什么共同点呢?）切题。故选A。17．该选项可衔接前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死，且根据后文“Theresultwasdynamite（结果是爆炸性的）”可知，此处表述Alfred决心发明一种更安全的爆炸物。所以C项Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.（Alfred决定发明一种更安全的炸药）切题。故选C。18．前文写到一战结束的时候他的发明被用在战争中，F选项Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes’（他一直痛恨战争，认为“it”是令人厌恶的事情中最让人厌恶的事情，是最严重的犯罪）切题。该选项承接一战的内容。故选F。19．前文中提到Alfred决定用他赚取的财富去奖励造福社会的人，G选项Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics，chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.（他设立的五个奖项是物理学，化学，医学，文学奖，还有最重要的，和平奖）切题。该项进一步说明他设计了什么奖项，并在后文接着写诺贝尔和平奖颁给什么样的人。故选G。20．根据上文提示“In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.（1997年，诺贝尔和平奖授予了美国人乔迪·威廉姆斯(JodyWilliams)，因为她为禁止地雷所做的努力）”可知，1997年的诺贝尔和平奖颁给了一个号召禁用地雷的人，承接上文，E选项Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.（当然，具有讽刺意味的是，诺贝尔家族的财富是建立在矿山上的。）切题。令人觉得讽刺的是，诺贝尔家族的财富都是基于地雷。故选E。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIwasachildofsevenyearsold,myfriends,onaholiday,filledmypocketwithcoins.Iwentatoncetoashopwheretheysoldtoysforchildren.Being21withthesoundofawhistlethatIhadseenbytheway,inthehandsofanotherboy,Ihandedoverallmymoneyforone.Ithencamehome,andwentwhistlingalloverthehouse,muchpleasedwithmywhistle,but22allthefamily.Mybrothersandsistersandcousins,whenItoldofthe23Ihadmade,saidIhadgivenfourtimesasmuchasthewhistlewasworth.TheyputmeinmindofwhatgoodthingsImighthaveboughtwiththerestofthemoney,andlaughedatmesomuchformybeingstupidthatIcriedwithvexation(烦恼).Thinkingaboutthemattergavememore24thanthewhistlegavemepleasure.25,thiswasafterwardsofusetome,fortheimpressioncontinuedonmymind,sothatoften,whenIwas26tobuysomethingIdidnotneed,Isaidtomyself,“Don’tgivetoomuchforthewhistle,”andIsavedmymoney.AsIgrewup,cameintotheworld,and27theactionsofmen,IthoughtImetwithmany,verymany,who“gavetoomuchforthewhistle.”IfIknewamiser（守财奴）who28everykindofcomfortableliving,allthepleasureofdoinggoodtoothers,alltheesteemofhisfellowcitizensandthejoysoffriendship,29gatheringandkeepingwealth---“Poorman,”saidI,“youpaytoodearforyourwhistle.”WhenImetamanofpleasure,whodidnottrytoimprovehismindorhisfortunebut30devotedhimselftohavingagoodtime,perhapsneglectinghishealth,“Mistakenman,youareproviding31foryourself,insteadofpleasure;youarepayingtoodearforyourwhistle.”IfIsawsomeonefondof32whohasfineclothes,finehouses,finefurniture,fineearrings,allabovehis33,andforwhichhehadrunintodebt,andendshiscareerinaprison.“Alas,”saidI,“hehaspaiddear,verydear,forhiswhistle.”34,themiseriesofmankindarelargelyduetotheirputtinga(n)35valueonthings---togiving“toomuchfortheirwhistle.”21．A．faced B．charmed C．sympathized D．provided22．A．disturbing B．attracting C．entertaining D．confusing23．A．trouble B．attempt C．choice D．bargain24．A．satisfaction B．relief C．annoyance D．stress25．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．However D．Indeed26．A．tempted B．determined C．forced D．persuaded27．A．took B．observed C．admired D．followed28．A．turnedagainst B．gaveup C．caredabout D．reliedon29．A．incaseof B．insteadof C．forthesakeof D．intermsof30．A．merely B．similarly C．strangely D．positively31．A．inconvenience B．burden C．frustration D．pain32．A．appearance B．wealth C．comforts D．necessities33．A．demand B．fortune C．standard D．value34．A．Asaresult B．Bycontrast C．Onaverage D．Inshort35．A．unexpected B．great C．false D．true【答案】BADCCABBCADABDC【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由儿时为一只哨子付出高昂的代价联系到生活中的几类人——由于对事物价值的错误认识，他们为“哨子”付出的代价太大了。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被路上看到的一个男孩的哨声迷住了，我把所有的钱都给了他换了一个哨子。A.faced面对；B.charmed迷醉，吸引；C.sympathized同情；D.provided提供。空后说我把所有的钱都给了这个男孩换了一个哨子，这说明我被他的哨声迷住了，becharmedwith表示“给迷住”，故选B。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我回到家，吹着哨子在屋子里走来走去，对我的哨声感到非常高兴，但却打扰了全家人。A.disturbing打扰；B.attracting吸引；C.entertaining娱乐；D.confusing使迷惑。我吹着哨子满屋走，自然是打扰了全家人，故选A。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉我的兄弟姐妹和堂兄弟姐妹们我所做的交易时，他们说我付出的是哨子价值的四倍。A.trouble麻烦；B.attempt试图；C.choice选择；D.bargain交易。上文说我用兜里所有的钱从那个陌生男孩手里换回了一个哨子，此处指的就是这个交易，故选D。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一想到这件事，我的烦恼比哨子给我的快乐还多。A.satisfaction满意；B.relief减轻；C.annoyance恼火，烦恼；D.stress压力。空前说他们让我想起用剩下的钱可以买什么好东西，还嘲笑我的愚蠢，我气得哭了，因此此处是说这件事给我带来的烦恼，故选C。25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它对我来说是很有用的，因为这种印象一直萦绕在我的脑海中，所以当我想买一些我不需要的东西时，我常常对自己说，“不要为哨子付出太多”，这样我就省下了钱。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Indeed的确。上文说这件事给我带来了烦恼，下文又说它对我来说是有用的，上下文是转折关系，故选C。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.tempted引诱，迷惑；B.determined决心；C.forced强迫；D.persuaded劝服。上文说我经不住哨声的诱惑，用兜里所有的钱换回了那个口哨子，此处说的是这件事给我的教训——当我想买一些我不需要的东西时，我提醒自己“不要为哨子付出太多”，betemptedtodo表示“受诱惑做某事、忍不住做某事”，故选A。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我渐渐长大，步入社会，观察人们的行为，我想我遇到了许许多多为哨子付出太多的人。A.took拿走；B.observed观察；C.admired钦佩；D.followed跟随。根据空后的“theactionsofmen,IthoughtImetwithmany,verymany,who“gavetoomuchforthewhistle”可知，通过观察人们的行为，我发现生活中有很多像儿时的我一样为哨子付出太多的人，故选B。28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我认识一个守财奴，他为了敛财和守住财富，放弃了一切安逸的生活，放弃了一切行善的乐趣，放弃了所有同胞的尊敬，放弃了友谊的欢乐，我说：“可怜的人，你为你的哨子付出了太多的代价。”A.turnedagainst背叛；B.gaveup放弃；C.caredabout关心；D.reliedon依靠。空后的“everykindofcomfortableliving,allthepleasureofdoinggoodtoothers,alltheesteemofhisfellowcitizensandthejoysoffriendship”是守财奴为了敛财和守住财富而放弃的东西，故选B。29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A.incaseof万一；B.insteadof而不是；C.forthesakeof为了；D.intermsof依照。根据空后的“gatheringandkeepingwealth”可知，守财奴放弃一切美好的东西只是为了敛财和守住他的财富，故选C。30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我遇到一个浪荡子，他既不努力提高自己的才智，也不努力增加自己的财富，而只是一味寻欢作乐，甚至糟蹋自己的健康，我说“错了，你给自己带来的是痛苦，而不是快乐；你为你的哨子付出的代价太大了”。A.merely仅仅、只是；B.similarly相似地；C.strangely奇怪地；D.positively积极地。根据空前的“didnottrytoimprovehismindorhisfortune”可知，浪荡子只是一味地寻欢作乐，故选A。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.inconvenience不便；B.burden负担；C.frustration挫折；D.pain痛苦。根据空后的“insteadofpleasure”可知与“快乐”相对的自然是“痛苦”，故选D。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我看到一个喜欢外表的人，他有漂亮的衣服、漂亮的房子、漂亮的家具、漂亮的耳环，这些都超过了他的财富，他因此负债累累，最后在监狱里结束了他的余生，唉我说，唉，他为他的哨子付出了很大的代价。A.appearance外表；B.wealth财富；C.comforts安慰；D.necessities必需。根据空后提到的漂亮的衣服、漂亮的房子、漂亮的家居和漂亮的耳环可知此处指“外表”，故选A。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.demand要求；B.fortune财富；C.standard标准；D.value价值。空后说他为此负债累累，这说明这些华丽的外表超出了他的财富，故选B。34．考查介词短语辨析。句意：简而言之，人类的不幸在很大程度上是由于他们对事物价值的错误认识——为他们的哨子付出了太多。A.Asaresult结果；B.Bycontrast相比之下；C.Onaverage平均；D.Inshort简而言之。空后的“themiseriesofmankindarelargelyduetotheirpuffinga(n)___35___valueonthings---togiving“toomuchfortheirwhistle.””是对上文的总结，用inshort引出，故选D。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.unexpected出乎意料的；B.great伟大的；C.false错误的；D.extra额外的。上文提到的这几类人对事物价值的认识是错误的，故选C。第二节(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Scientistshaveexposedthataroundtwo-fifthsoftheworld’splantsareatriskofextinction.Atopbotanist,ProfessorAlexandreAntonelli,said,“Wearelivingin36．ageofextinction.”It'savery37．(worry)pictureofriskandurgentneedforaction.We’relosingtheraceagainsttimeasspeciesaredisappearingfaster38．wecanfindandnamethem.Manyofthemcouldholdimportantcluesforsolvingsomeofthemostpressing39．(challenge)ofmedicineandevenperhapsoftheemergingandcurrentpandemicsweareseeingtoday.”There40．(be)positivesignsinthepastfewyears.Morethan4,000speciesofplantsandfungi(菌类)41．(discover)in2023,amongwhicharepotentialfuturefoodsthatcouldbealifelinetomillionsofpeopleonEarthsufferingfrom42．(poor)andfoodinsecurity.ProfessorAntonellistressed43．(firm)theimportanceofprotectingtheseandallplantlifeonEarth.Hesaid,“Wewouldnotbeable44．(survive)withoutplantsandfungi—alllifedependsonthem.Everytimewelos