初中英语比较级、最高级

Unit3

I’mmoreoutgoing

thanmysister.Grammer形容词和副词的比较级和最高级ComparativeandSuperlativeFormsofAdjectivesandAdverbs形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语.

一、形容词和副词的概念

①形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如:

anew

book,two

bigtrees

等。二、形容词和副词的用法②形容词放在系动词be、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等之后。如:1.Iamshort.2.Shelooksfine.3.Theyturngreen.③如果形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。如:somethinginterestingnothingnew④副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副词之前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如:1.Sheworkshard.（修饰动词）

2.Iamverybusy.（修饰形容词）

3.Herunstooquickly.（修饰副词）

4.Weplayhappily.（修饰动词）⑤通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。slow→______real→______usual→______careful→______easy→______happy→______heavy→______angry→______slowlyusuallyeasilyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrily⑥下列词既是形容词又是副词如:hard,late,early,far,near,alone,straight,fast等

Heworkshard.(副词，努力地）

It’shardwork.(形容词，难的)Sheisaloneathome,butneverfeellonely.ShelivesaloneinShanghai.(adv.)Theystoodtherestraight.(adv.)Shehasstraight,blackhair.(adj.)Heissoearlyeveryday.(adj.)Hegetsupearlyeveryday.(adv.)bigbigger

Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解

Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解bigbiggerbiggestfast

Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解fastfaster

Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看图并理解fastfasterfastest

Lookatthepictures

andunderstand

看图并理解Theredboxisbig.Thegreenboxissmall.

Theredboxisbiggerthan

thegreenbox.Thegreenboxissmallerthantheredbox.LiYongisfunny.PanChangjiangisthefunniest.SunNanis

funnierthan

LiYong.形容词和副词有三个等级：原级比较级最高级单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：形容词比较级、最高级的构成A:cheapshortquickthicklightcoolwarmquietwildcalm最高级：the--est比较级：直接加erB:

heavyeasytidydrybusyhappyhealthyhungryearly最高级：y-i--est比较级：y-i--erC:

largelatenice最高级：adj.+stD:bighotthin“双写”最后的辅音字母加er/estwet

fat比较级：adj.+rdeliciousdangerousinterestingpopularbeautifulcarefuloutgoing

比较级

：more+adj.最高级：themost+adj.多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词：betterbest

farlittleworseworstmoremostfartherfarthestlessleastgoodwellbadillmany

much部分形容词的不规则变化：

构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加-er/ə/或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mosttiredmoretiredmosttiredeasilymoreeasilymosteasily二、不规则形容词的比较级最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastill/bad/badlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest注：older一般指年龄大小；

Myfatherisolderthanmymother.elder指长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语);Myelderbrotherisadriver.farther指距离更远；further指抽像的.IwanttostudyEnglishfurther.furtherreading1.有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加er或est构成比较级和最高级，也可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。

friendlyhugecalmfreetrueclever注意双音节或多音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的特殊情况：2、某些单音节形容词，加more,most构成比较级和最高级。

glad–moreglad–mostgladpleased–morepleased–mostpleasedtired–moretired–mosttiredoften-moreoften-mostoftenimportant

_______________________________

easy______________________________________wet_______________________________________happy____________________________________careful__________________________________thin___________________________________good____________________________________hot______________________________________easily____________________________________many____________________________________nice____________________________________big_____________________________________heavy__________________________________delicious________________________________much____________________________________给出下列词的比较级和最高级

moreimportantmostimportanteasiereasiestwetterwettesthappierhappiestmorecarefulmostcarefulthinnerthinnestbetterbesthotterhottestmoreeasilymosteasilymoremostnicernicestbiggerbiggestheavierheaviestmoredeliciousmostdeliciousmoremost

biglittlecoldhotwarmcoollongshortlatemuchpopular

biggerbiggestlessleastcoldercoldesthotterhottestwarmerwarmestcoolercoolestlongerlongestshortershortestlaterlatestmore

mostmorepopularthemostpopularcheapwideeasynicethinfatbusyearlylargefinedeliciouscheapercheapestwiderwidesteasiereasiestnicernicestthinnerthinnestfatterfattestbusierbusiestearlierearliestlargerlargestfinerfinestmoredeliciousmostdelicious1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。

small,good,pretty,big,manyhard,happily,slowly,quickly

①程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容词和副词的原级。如：verytall、toohot、socoldquiteinteresting

run

quickly

①程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容词的原级如：verytall、toohot、socold

Thecarisquite/verycute.Thefloodisvery/soserious.形容词原级的常用句型同级比较的常用句型Thisjacketisasbeautifulasthatone.句型1：as+形容词原形+asEnglishisasinterestingasChinese.句型2.notas+形容词原形+as

或

notso+形容词原形+as

“前者不及／不如后者

Thisschoolisnotasbeautifulasthatone.Thisschoolisnotsobeautifulasthatone.

表达前者不如后者还可以用：

less+原级+thanThisschoolislessbeautifulthanthatone句型1

：甲+be+adj比较级+than+乙或甲+实意动词+adv比较级+than+乙“甲比乙…”

形容词比较级的常用句型Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.（两者之间）

句型2

：甲+be+倍数+adj比较级+than+乙或甲+实意动词+倍数+adv比较级+than+乙“甲比乙…几倍”Thisgardenis9timeslargerthan

thatone.Theroomis3timesbiggerthanthatone.表示“……是……的几倍”，用“倍数+as+原级+as”结构，或者“倍数+比较级+than”结构。

eg:Thisclassroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.Thisclassroomistwicebiggerthanthatone.Heis句型3

：比较级+thananyother+单数名词tallerthananyotherboy.句型4：

比较级+thantheother+复数名词Heistallerthantheotherboys句型5：

the+比较级+ofthetwo…Amyis在两个孩子中Amy矮theshorterofthetwokids.

Sheistheprettierofthetwogirls.Thebikeistheolderofthetwo.Hisisthetallerofthetwo.Thisoneisthemorebeautifulofthethetwopicture.Sheisbecomingthinnerandthinner.Ourcountryisbecomingricherandricher.Therearemoreandmorestudentsinourschool.Livingintheworldisbecomingmoreandmoredifficult.句型6：比较级+and+比较级”“moreandmore+原级”，(多音节形容词和特殊双音节词）（前后形容词是同一个）

越来越……吃的越多，会变得越胖youeat,youwillbe.句型7

：

the比较级，the比较级越……，越……。ThemorethefatterThemore,thebetter.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.Theharderyoustudy,themoreyouwillget.Thesmallerthehouseis,thelessitwillcost.Thesooner,thebetter.你们越仔细，出的错误就越少.Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyoumake.他越忙越快乐._________heis,___________hewillbe.The

busier

the

happier疑问词+be+adj比较级，甲或乙？或疑问词+实意动词+adv比较级,甲或乙？{Which（Who）is+比较级…？}

比较A和B，问“哪一个较……？”时用

“Whichis+比较级，AorB？”句型。如果是人与人相比时，用Who代替Which。

Whichoneismorepopular,theradioorthemovie?收音机和电影，哪一个更普及？

Theradiois.收音机。AorB，只能用or不能用and。

Whoishappier,youoryourfather?

你和你父亲，谁幸福？

Iam.我

（或者）Myfatheris.我父亲。句型八九、形容词比较级的修饰。比较级前面可以用even(更加)，much(……得多)，far(……得多)，alittle(……一点)，abit(一点)，alot(大量)，still(还，还要)等词语表示不定程度或数量。eg:Iamevenlesslucky.Sheisfarbetterthanmeatwriting.Thispenismuchbetterthanthatone.TomisalittleshorterthanhisfriendJim.表示在两者之间相差的程度用“具体数字+比较级+than+比较对象”。eg:Theroadistwometreslongerthanthatone.

这条公路比那条公路长两米。

Thispencilisfourinchesshorterthanthatone.

这只铅笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。注意注意3.Kateismorebeautiful

thanLilyis.

Sheisfiveyearsolder

thanIam.

Idrinkmoreteathanhe(does).than前后句子的时态相同。通常用be动词情态动词can,may,must,could,should和助动词do,does,did,will，have等来简答。4.Ihavemorepensthanyou(do).many,much,little,few等词必须带名词。注意1.Thenewbuildingishigherthantheoldone.Thoseapplesarebiggerthantheseones.2.Hisshirtismoreexpensivethan

mine.如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用名词性物主代词。比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，特别注意在than或as之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词that，those,one,ones.注意1.Thoseapplesarebiggerthantheseones.1.比较级中为了避免重复，常用one/that/those替代名词。Thispenisshorterthanthatone.TheweatherhereismuchhotterthanthatofShanghai.ThecarsmadeinTianjinismuchmorepopularthanthoseinShanghai.2.必须是同类事物之间的比较。Myhouseismuchcleanerthanhers.mysister’s.3.very/quite/so/as/too+原级

much/alittle/abit/alot/even/far+比较级Ifeelevenworsetoday.Youhavemuchmoretodo.“比较”出来的英语Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.

朋友易失不易得。2.Enoughisasgoodasafeast.

知足常乐。

3.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.

说得好不如干得好。

4.Betterthelastsmilethanthefirstlaughter.宁可最后微笑，不可首先狂喜。5.Doingisbetterthansaying.

会说不如会做。

6.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.两人智慧胜一人。

7.Goodtobeginwell,bettertoendwell.

善始好，善终更佳。

8.Aneyefindsmoretruththantwoears.

百闻不如一见。

1.Yourroomisvery_________.It’smuch________thanmine.（big）

2.—Thiscoatistoo________.（expensive）Idon’thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.Icanbuya________onethanit.（cheap）

3.Whichis_______(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?4、Ahorseis_______thanadog.

（heavy）5、UsuallyXiaoLispends_______timedoinghomeworkthanXiaoChendoes.（little）用所给词的正确形式填空

bigbiggerexpensivecheapperbiggerheavierless最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。

标志词：in+大范围,ofall,of+the+具体的数字.形容词最高级前一定要用the，

表示“最……”的意思。Heisthetallestboyinhisclass.Heisthe+最高级+ofinamongtheyoungestofalltheboystudentsinourclass.形容词最高级的常用句型(三者或三者以上)同义句：Heisyoungerthananyother

student.Heisyoungerthantheother

students句型1：of…和in…的区别

1.”of+复数”表示“在……之中的”；“在……中”of后一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词

ofthefour……在四个之中

ofall（people）在所有的人之中

ofalltheboys在所有的男孩中

ofus在我们之中

ofallthings在所有的事情当中

2.”in+范围、场所”译为“在……之中”；“在……之内”in后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词。

inthehouse在家中

inChina在中国

intheworld在世界上

inourschool在我们学校

inmyfamily在我们家

那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的.Thegirlwithredhairisthetallestinourclass/ofallthestudents/amongthestudents.上海是中国最大的城市.ShanghaiisthelargestinChina.最重要的语言之一是英语。OneofthemostimportantlanguagesisEnglish.句型2

Oneof+the+最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”云南是中国最美的城市之一。YunNanisoneofthemostbeatifulcitiesinChina.the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语“在……中是第几个……”eg：黄河是中国第二长河。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.句型3Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.句型4疑问词+名词+be+the+adj最高级+甲，乙or丙？或疑问词+名词+助动词+主语+动词原形+（the)+adv最高级+甲，乙or丙？Whichcountryisthelargest,China,AmericaorCanada?Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?形容词最高级的用法1、the+最高级+of/in(三者及以上范围的)Mymotheristhebusiestinmyfamily2、oneofthe+最高级+名词复数+in/ofShenzhenisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina3、the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?5、Thisisthe+最高级+名词(that)Ihaveeverseen/heardof.ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.注意5.Thecityisoneofthemostbeautifulcities

intheworld.oneof+the+最高级+复数名词

Which/Who…+比较级，AorB?Which/Who…+最高级，A，BorC?6.Whoisolder,JimorTom?Whoisthetallest,Jim,MikeorTom

Whichlanguageis____,English,FrenchorChinese?A.difficultB.moredifficultC.themostdifficultC注意7.Maryisthetallestofallthesistersinthefamily.在使用形容词最高级时，一定要把自己包括在比较的范围内。8.ThisisthethirdlargestcityinChina.当表示“第二，第三”等意思时，经常在最高级的前面加second,third,等词。

9.It’sourlargestmachineinourfactory.当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加定冠词the.1.Whatisthelongestwallintheworld?TheGreatWall.2.Whichistheheaviestanimalontheland?Theelephants.3.WhoisthetallestprofessionalbasketballplayerinChina?YaoMing.QuizWinteris___________seasonofayear.thecoldest

backFollowups(随堂练习)1、---MrZhou,allofthestudentsinourgroup,wholives____?---IthinkLiLeidoes.

A.fatB.fatherC.farthestD.farest2、TheChangjiangRiveris____thananyotherriverinChina.A.shorterB.longerC.shortestD.longest3、Bobneverdosehishomework____Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas4、____sheis,____shefeels.A.Themorebusy,themorehappyB.Thebusy,thehappyC.Busier,happierD.Thebusier,thehappier5、Theweatherisgetting________.(越来越糟糕)CBBDDworseandworse

。

Haveatry，please。1.Whichdoyoulike______(well),applesororanges?2.Whois______(old),JimorTom?3.Jackisrunning_____and______(fast).4.Ourcountryisbecoming______and___________(beautiful).5.Heis________(tall)ofthethetwoboys.

betterolderfasterfastermoremorebeatifulthetaller4.Findoutthemistakesinthesentencesbelow.Allofusfelthappilyatherbirthdayparty.

IammoreolderthanHarry.3.Hercoatisnewerthanyou.4.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninXiamen.5.Sueisoneofthetallgirlsinherclass.

happymuchyours.

that∧tallest

￣￣(2011年中考真题)NancyandLucyaretwins.Insomewaytheylookthesame,butNancyis_____thanLucy.

A.tallB.tallerC.tallest

(2002年中考真题)ThepopulationofChinais______thananyothercountryintheworld.A.largerB.lessC.smallerWhichoneis_______,thisoneorthatone?A.goodB.bad C.best D.worseThe__________,thebetter.A.much B.many C.more D.most

例Computersandmobilephones,thoughtheyareindeedmakingourlife______andmore______，havereducedtheneedforface­to­facecommunications.A.easily;efficient B.easier;efficientC.easy;efficiently D.easily;efficiently

［解析］考生从______andmore______即可判断前后应该一致，故用形容词的比较级，故第一空用easier；第二空用形容词efficient。BBack同义句转换Heisthetalleststudentinhisclass.Heis________________________studentinhisclass.Heis________________________studentsinhisclass.Thestoryisnotasinterestingasthatone.Thestoryis__________thanthatonetallerthananyothertallerthantheotherlessinterestingBack23.The___heis,the____hefeels.A.busier,happier

B.busiest,happiest

C.busier,happiest

D.busiest,happier

24.Heis_____than_____boyinthefootballteam.A.clever,anyone

B.cleverer,anyother

C.cleverest,any

D.cleverest,anyother

AB25.Ithinkautumnis_____ofthefourseasons.A.thebetterB.thebestC.bestD.better26.EverybodyknowsMountQomolangmaisthe______mountainintheworld.A.higher B.highest C.tall D.tallerBBBackTheChangjiangRiveris____thananyotherriverinChina.A.shorterB.longerC.shortestD.longestback---Inourcityit’s

inJuly,butitiseven_____inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotterD---Thebreadis____thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdeliciousCback---Anelephantis