初中英语语法-代词(新)

初中英语语法之

——代词篇代词的分类

人称代词

物主代词

反身代词

不定代词

指示代词

疑问代词

人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格

Theyalllikehimverymuch.

他们都很喜欢他。

Shegavethebookstoyouandme.

这些书是她送给你和我的。

2.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”

You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.

你我她都喜欢音乐。She的用法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等

Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.

我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。

Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.

轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。It的用法：1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等

What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.

今天的天气怎么样？-有风。

It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.

从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。2.it

可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.it可指同类中的同一件东西，them可指同类中的同一些东西。one可指同类中的另一件东西，ones可指同类中的另一些东西—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadteacher.

3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳

It’shardtoreachtheapples.

很难够到苹果。

It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.

对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。oneit①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.

A.itB.oneC./②

Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.

A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.

A.itB.oneC./one

同类不同件．it同类同件．1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.

Itishardformetodothiswork.2.轮到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.

It’syourturntocleantheroom.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了

It’stime(forsb.)todosth.It’stimeforyoutodothehomework.4.据说…

It’ssaidthat…It’ssaidthatyourteacherleaveourschool.5.某人花费…做某事

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。

Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的

findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoIfound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.

A.it’sB.itC.that2.It__myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.

A.spentB.costC.took3.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.

A.goB.togoC.going二.物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineours

yours

yours

hishers

itstheirs

2.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属

Asisterofhis

isanurse.

他的一个妹妹是个护士。

Tomis

afriendofmine

我的一个朋友1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him

2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：

形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.

(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’smyselfourselves

yourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词1.反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学请随便吃…

自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉／沉浸于

自己穿衣服照顾自己

enjoyoneselfteachoneselfsth/learnsthbyoneself.

helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneself=aloneforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.

A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.

A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your不定代词不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词

all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no

由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词

1.some/any

some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中

Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.

any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句

Doyouhaveanypicture-books?

注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中

Wouldyoulikesomemeat?

你想要些肉吗？

MayIasksomequestions?

我可以问问题吗？

CouldIhavesomeapples?

我可以吃苹果吗？

Willyougivemesomewater?

你能给我些水吗？2.many/much

many

修饰或指代复数名词

Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.

much修饰或指代不可数名词

Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.

3.another/other

another泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个another+名词单数/another+数字+名词复数

Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.

other后面接名词复数（other+名词复数），泛指别的、其他的

Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?

others泛指其他的人或物

Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物

Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.4.theother/others/theotherstheother

1.特指两个中的另一个oneis...theotheris...

Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.

2.修饰名词(theother+名词复数)，特指另一个、另一些

Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew

修饰可数名词

little/alittle修饰不可数名词

few,little

表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”

afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”

Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few

6.every/each

every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用

Everychildlikesplayinggames.

each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用

Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.

Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.eachevery①Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②

Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.

A．every B．each C．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.

A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天来这里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother

7.all/none

all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前

WeareallfromCanada.

TheyalllikeEnglish.

none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）

Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.nonenoone①Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②

Whoisintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.

A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom

8.both/either/neither

both“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数bothofsb/both...and...Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.=Bothmyfatherandmymotherareteachers

neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数,neither...nor...

Neitheranswerisright.

either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数either...or...

Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.

有关词组及应用

bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.

他们俩都游得很好。

EitherofyougoestoBeijing.

你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。

Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.

他们俩谁都不停下来休息。①___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②

Bothofhisparents___teachers.

A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.

A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherbotheitherneitherboth①EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②

NeitheryounorI___ascientist.

A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.

A.studiesB.studyC.studying

ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either

LucyandLily___agreewithus.

A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.

A.bothB.allC.no

9.Something/anything/nothing

Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?

Nobodycananswerthequestion.

both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）

either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)

BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.

Tom和Lucy都在二年级。

Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.

或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。

NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.

我和他今天都没空。1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse指示代词

表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物

that,those指在方位上较远的人或物

Thisismyshirt,that’syours.

TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.

2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.四.指示代词①ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.

A.thatB.thisC.it②

TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.

A.thatB.theseC.those③WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.

A.itB.thisC.that疑问代词

用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich

通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语

Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\

Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\(2008年广东省汕头市)一Isthat_____dog?—No.________iswhite．A．his；HisB．her；ItisC．he；HisD．her；Her中考考什么?D

WhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\

What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom

Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错)(重庆市2008年)WelikeMr.Greenbecauseheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.we B.us C.our D.oursB(重庆市2008年)—Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?—______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.A.Both B.AllC.Either D.NeitherC(2008年天津市)—Is_____here? —No,JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave.A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybodyDTryitout()1Isthisyourfootball,boys?No,itisnot____A.yoursB.ourC.mineD.ours()2Thebirdbuilds____nestinthetree.A.herB.itsC.it’sD.hers()3Themathsproblem____iswrong.A.himselfB.heC.itselfD.herselfDBC()4____wanttoseethefilm.AEverystudentBEachstudentCAllofstudentsDAllthestudents()5Alotofpeoplehavetried,but____havesucceeded.A.thefewB.afewC.fewD.little()6____ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.BothB.NeitherC.AnyD.EitherDCC()9IhaveChemistryclasses____day,Monday,WednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.thisandotherD.allother()10--____isthemanunderthetree?--Jim’sfather.A.WhenB.WhatC.WhereD.WhoBD课堂达标()7Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,____isblueand___aregreen.A.another,theotherB.theother,othersC.others,theothersD.another,theothers()8Ihavefound____ontheInternet.A.afewinformationsB.alittleinformationsC.afewinformationD.alittleinformationDD11.Thisstickis____.A.himB.heC.his12.Heisalwaysreadytohelp____.A.anotherB.theotherC.others13.______isJack’saun