History And Anthology of American Literature 美国文学史及选读

HistoryAndAnthologyofAmericanLiterature美国文学史及选读ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)ChapterOneLectureOneTheColonialPeriodHistoricalIntroduction

ThemajorwritersTheColonialPeriodⅠ.HistoricalIntroductionQuestionstobediscussed:WhendidAmericacomeintobeing?Whowerethefirstsettlers?WhydidEnglishimmigrantsmovetothenewland?Twoterms:puritansVSPuritanism?WhatistheinfluenceofAmericanPuritanism?

WhendidAmericacomeintobeing?

1783Whowerethefirstsettlers?In1492,ColumbusChristopherfondthenewcontinent.

TheearliestsettlersincludeDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards,Italians,andPortuguese.ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedatJamestown,Virginiain1607.WhydidEnglishimmigrantsmovetothenewland?(1)

toreformtheChurchofEngland(2)tohaveanentirelynewchurch(3)toescapepoliticalpersecution

(4)toseekfreedomandfortune

4.Definethefollowingtwoterms:

(1)PuritansPuritansrefertothegroupofseriousandreligiouspeoplewhoknownasfoundingfathersofAmerica.(2)Puritanism

Puritanismreferstothedoctrinesandmoralprinciplesobeyedbypuritans.Itcanbealsodefinedasacodeofvalues,aphilosophyoflife,andapointofviewpuritansholdtowardstheworld.AmericanPuritanismwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature.

PuritanDoctrines(DoctrineofCalvinism):-Predestination(Ifyoubelieveinpredestination,youbelievethatpeoplehavenocontrolovereventsbecauseeverythinghasalreadybeendecidedbyapowersuchasGodorfate.)

-Originalsinandtotaldepravity(humanbeingsarebasicallyevil.)-Limitedatonement(ortheSalvationofaselectedfew)Puritanvalues(creeds):Hardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety,simpletastesPuritansaremorepractical,tougher,andtobeeverreadyforanymisfortuneandtragicfailure.

Theyareoptimistic.WhatistheinfluenceofAmericanPuritanism?

(1)AmericanPuritanismwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluences

inAmerican

thoughtandAmericanliterature.(2)Americanliterature

isbasedon

amyth,theBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEden.(3)PuritanismcanbecomparedwithChineseConfucianism[kən'fju:ʃənizm]

.puritansPuritanismtheinfluenceofPuritanismAmericanliteratureisbasedonamythAmericanPuritanismVSChineseConfucianismⅡ.

Majorwritersincolonialperiod:JohnSmithWilliamBradfordJohnWinthropJohnCottonandRogerWilliamsAnneBradstreetEdwardTaylor

Answerthefollowingquestions1.WhoisthefirstAmericanwriter?Whatishisrepresentativework?2.WhowasthefirstgovernorofPlymouth?Whatishisrepresentativework?3.WhowasthefirstgovernorofBoston?Whatishisrepresentativework?4.Whowastheonlyfemalewriterofthecolonialperiod?Whatishermajorwork?JohnSmith(1580-1631)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasanEnglish

soldier,sailor,andauthorHeisrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaatJamestown,Virginia.HewasaleaderoftheVirginiaColony(basedatJamestown)betweenSeptember1608andAugust1609,andledanexplorationalongtheriversofVirginiaandtheChesapeakeBay.切萨皮克湾[ChesapeakeBay]

美国东部大西洋沿岸的海湾。南段在弗吉尼亚，北段在马里兰，长311千米，宽5～40千米面积约8,365平方千米。有多条河流注入，其中包括萨斯奎汉纳河、帕塔克森特河、波托马克河和詹姆斯河。詹姆斯敦是海湾区的第一个欧洲人居住区，建于1607年。一年后，J.史密斯船长探测并绘制了海湾及其各河口的地图。切萨皮克湾的水域有丰富的海洋生物，但到20世纪70年代，周围地区的开发使得海湾的污染严重，捕鱼量急遽下降。为了弥补损失政府已采取了各种措施。2.HisliteraryachievementsHeisthefirstAmericanWriter.Hisfirstliteraryworkcomesfrompartofaletterwiththetitle“ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony”(1608).AMapofVirginia:withaDescriptionoftheCountry(1621)GeneralHistoryofVirginia(1624)波卡洪塔斯[Pocahontas]

波瓦坦族印第安妇女，在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦善待殖民者，从而维护了英国殖民者与美洲土著之间的和平。为有权势的波瓦坦人酋长之女。她插手营救了被俘的殖民地创建者J.史密斯。其后她改信了基督教，并与殖民地开拓者J.罗尔夫结婚，进一步确保了双方的和平。她后来到英国旅行，获国王接见，但在英国死于天花。WilliamBradford(1590-1657)Bradford'sstatueinPlymouthRockStatePark,Plymouth,MassachusettsWilliamBradford(1590-1657)IntroductiontotheauthorWilliamBradfordwasaleaderoftheSeparatistsettlersofthePlymouthColonyinMassachusetts.HewaselectedthirtytimestobetheGovernor.HewasthesecondsignerandprimaryarchitectoftheMayflowerCompactinProvincetownHarbor.Hewas

thefirstgovernorofPlymouth2.Hisrepresentativework:TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation(1856).JohnWinthrop(1587-1649)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasthefirstgovernorofBoston.HehadbeenalawyerandlordofamanorinEngland.HewaselectedgovernoroftheMassachusettsBayGroupbeforesailingandtheforemostleaderofthefroupthroughouttheremaining19years.2.Hismajorworks:Partsofhisjournalwerefirstpublishedin1790.ThecompleteworkwascalledTheHistoryofNewEnglandwhichwaspublishedin1826.Hisworkisnotableforitssimplicityandhonesty,yetitisvaluablehistoricalmaterialsaboutthatperiod

AnneBradstreet(1612-1672)thefirstcollectionpublishedbyEnglishcolonistslivinginAmericathefirstnotedpoetessincolonialperiodAnneBradstreet’sWorks

“SomeversesontheBurningofOurHouse”

“TheSpiritandtheFlesh”

TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmericaAnneBradstreet’sLife

*ShewasbornandeducatedinEngland.

*Attheageof18,shecametoAmericain1630withherfatherandhusband.

*Shehad8children.

*Shebecameknownasthe“TenthMuse”whoappearedinAmerica.ToMyDearandLovingHusband

-致我最亲爱的爱人Ifevertwowereone,thensurelywe.Ifevermanwerelov'dbywife,thenthee;Ifeverwifewashappyinaman,Comparewithmeyewomenifyoucan.IprizethylovemorethanwholeMinesofgold,OralltherichesthattheEastdothhold.MyloveissuchthatRiverscannotquench,Noroughtbutlovefromthee,giverecompence.ThyloveissuchIcannowayrepay,TheheavensrewardtheemanifoldIpray.Thenwhilewelive,inlovelet'ssopersever,Thatwhenwelivenomore,wemayliveever.EdwardTaylorIntroductionHewasborninEnglandandattendedHarv