文学-第11次课教学内容

Beowulf(A.D.Epic:Alongnarrativepoem,elevatedanddignifiedintheme,tone,andstyle,celebratingheroicdeedsandhistoricallyimportantevents,usuallyfocusesontheadventuresofaherowhohasqualitiesthataresuperhumanordivineandonwhosefateveryoftendependsthedestinyofatribe,anation,oreventhewholeofthehumanrace.Plot:FightingGrendel,aGrendel’smother,ashe-fireThefatherorfounderofEnglishThefirstburiedinWestminsterThepilgrimsarefromallpartsofEnglandandallwalksoflife,soitprovidesacomprehensivepictureofcontemporarytime;Theauthorpraiseshumanenergy,in lect,wit,loveforlife,againstasceticism,aforerunnerofTheEnglishSocialThereformation:HenryVIIIdeclaredthebreakwithRome.It’sapoliticalmovementinareligiousguise.It’salsopartofthelongstruggleofthebourgeoisclassforpower.Theformingofanationalconsciousness:AfterthedefeatoftheSpanishArmadain1588,Englandbecameamightypower.Theendoffeudalismandthebeginningofcapitalism:Theenclosuremovementmadepeasantsfreelabors.Thustwooppositeclassescameintobeing,thecapitalistclassandthelaboringclass.ItsprangfirstinItalyinthe14thcentury,andthenspreadtoItmeans“rebirth”ortherevivaloflearningbacktothecultureofGreeceandTwofeatures:1)athirstycuriosityforclassicalliterature;2)keeninterestinhumanlifeandhumanactivities,insteadofGod.ThekeynoteofPuttingtheaffairsofhumanbeingsinsteadofGodatthecenterofDoctrine:Mancouldmouldtheworldaccordingtohisdesires,andattainhappinessbyremovingalltheexternalchecksbytheexerciseofhumaninlect.ThefeaturesofEnglishItemphasizesthedignityofman;affirmsandeulogizesthevalueofmaninsteadofthepowerofGod.Itadvocatesthefullexpressionofindividualismandthefulfillmentofone’sItaffirmsthedelightofearthlyachievementandman’sdesireforhappinessandThomasMore(1478-Works:Utopiawrittenintheformofaconversationwithasailor,consistingoftwoBookone:itprovidesapictureofcontemporaryEnglandwiththeexposureofpovertyamongthelaboringclasses,thegreedandluxuryamongtherulingclasses.Healsopointsoutthattheprivateownershipofpropertyistherootoftheevilsinsociety.Booktwo:itprovidesapictureofanidealcountrywhosepropertyisheldinEdmundSpenser(1552-Poet’sBuriedinWestminsterAbbey,thepoet’sWorks:TheShepherd’s oftheFrancesBacon(1561-1626)ThefirstEnglishEssayistEssays:OfStudiesChristopherMarlowe(1564-ThegreatestpioneerofEnglishdrama,pavingthewayforShakespeareWorks:TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustussignificance:reflectingthespiritoftheage----humandesireforpower,moneyandTheme:praiseofCharacters: paymuchattentiontotheirownTheHistoryofEnglishTheMiraclePlay（神迹剧TheMoralityPlay（道德剧TheInterlude（幕间剧TheClassicalPlay（古典剧Greatestpoet,greatest“Hewasnotofanage,butforallWorks:154sonnets;37plays, deies,12tragedies,11historicalplays；2poems3periods:1st(1590-1600):worksofthe1stperiodwerepermeatedwithoptimisticspiritforhebelievedinthenobilityofhumannature;2nd(1601-1608):worksofthisperiodwerefullofpessimisticoutlookbecausehebecamemorematureandgainedmoreknowledgeabouthumannatureandwasdepressedbytheuglinessofhumannature;3th(1609-1612):worksofthisperiodwerefilledwithjoyfulspiritforheovercamehisspiritualcrisisandrecoveredhisfaithinhumannature.TheComedyofErrors TheTamingoftheShrew Love‘sLabour’sLost TheTwoGentlemenofVerona AMidsummerNight’sDream 《仲夏夜TheMerchantofVenice 《商人TheMerryWivesofWindsor 《温莎的娘儿们MuchAdoAbout AsYouLikeIt MeasureforMeasure PericlesPrinceofTyre （1593（1594（1601Troilusand （1602 （1604（1605（1605（1606（1607Athens（160ybe（10Julius 《尤里乌斯· ActOedipusThesonnetisoneofthepoeticformsthatcanbefoundinlyricpoetryfromEuropeThetermsonnetmeanslittlesongBythethirteenthcenturyithadcometosignifyapoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowsastrictrhymeschemeandspecificstructureOneofthebest-knownsonnetwritersisWilliamShakespeare,whowrote154ofthemAShakespearean,orEnglishsonnetconsistsof14li