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ChapterOne
PowerandNationalInterestFareedZakariaQuestion
AccordingtoFareed
Zakaria,whatwasthemaincauseofBritain’sdecline?AndwhatwerethefailuresorfailingsorfaultsorweaknessesofdefectsorimperfectionsthatledtothefallofBritishEmpire?AnswerBritain’sdeclinewasdrivenbybadeconomics.Question
InFareedZakaria’seyes,whatisinterventionfortheUnitedStates?AnswerInterventionisatooloftheUnitedStatesforitsforeignpolicy.QuestionWhydoesFareedZakariasaythattheconceptofinterventionisdifficulttodefineordescribewhenappliedtointernationallaw?AnswerBecausemanyrelationsbetweenstatesinvolveelementsofcoercion,becauseitisdifficulttodetermineatwhichpointpressurebecomessufficientlycoerciveastobedeemedintervention,andbecausestatesalwaysclaimtherighttointerveneonthebasisof“vitalinterests”andneveragreeastowhatthisterminvolves.Question
AccordingtoFareedZakaria,whatwasthelargestchallengeBritainfacedwhentryingtomaintainitssuperpowerstatus?AnswerItwasitseconomy.UnitedStatesPresidentialdoctrines
UnitedStatesPresidentialdoctrinesarekeygoals,attitudes,orstances(positions)forUnitedStates
foreignaffairsoutlinedbyPresidentsthatweredubbed(called/named)their"doctrines".MostpresidentialdoctrinesarerelatedtotheColdWar.ThoughmanyU.S.Presidentshadthemesrelatedtotheirhandlingofforeignpolicy,thetermdoctrinegenerallyappliestoPresidentssuchasJamesMonroe,HarryS.Truman,RichardNixon,JimmyCarterandRonaldReagan,allofwhomhaddoctrineswhichmorecompletelycharacterizedtheirforeignpolicy.vibrant[ˈvaɪbrənt]givinganimpressionofvigourandactivityhavingorshowinggreatlife,activity,andenergyHowcanthestatesreturntoitsvibranteconomy?QuestionAccordingtoFareedZakaria,whatmakesitunabletomaketherelativelysimplereformsthatwouldplacetheUnitedStatesonextremelysolidfootingforthefuture?AnswerItistheUnitedStates’politicalsystemthatisdysfunctional,unabletomaketherelativelysimplereformsthatwouldplacethecountryonextremelysolidfootingforthefuture.Question
AccordingtoFareedZakaria,whatiswrongwiththeUnitedStatestodayforthenewage?AnswerTheUnitedStatesseemslargelyunawareofthenewworldrisingaroundit—andshowsfewsignsofbeingabletoreorientU.S.policyforthisnewage.Question
AccordingtoFareed
Zakaria,whatsealedthefateoftheBritishEmpire?Answer
ItwasWorldWarIIthatsealedthefateoftheBritishEmpire,thoughtheUnitedKingdomhadbegunlooseningcontroloveritsempireearlier.writ法令aformalwrittenorderissuedinthenameofacourtoflaw,government,orotherauthority,directingapersontodoornottodosomething.Question
WhatwasthestatusoftheBritishEmpireintheworldpoliticsatthetimeofWorldWarI?AnswerPolitically,theBritishEmpirewasstillthecapitaloftheworldatthetimeofWorldWarI,anditswritwasunequaledandlargelyunchallengedacrossmuchoftheglobe.QuestionAccordingtoFareedZakaria,whatwerethecausesofBritain’sdecline?AnswerUnusualcircumstancesabated;otherWesterncountriescaughtupwithindustrialization;Germanyunited;andtheUnitedStatesresolveditsNorth-Southdivide.Question
AccordingtoZakaria,howdidBritainmanagetomaintainitspositionastheleadingworldpowerfordecadesafteritlostitseconomicdominance?AnswerBritainmanagedtodothatthroughacombinationofshrewdstrategyandgooddiplomacy.QuestionAccordingtoFareedZakaria,whatiswrongwiththepoliticsoftheUnitedStates?AnswerTheUnitedStateshasdevelopedahighlydysfunctionalpoliticsthathasbeencapturedbymoney,specialinterests,asensationalistmedia,andideologicalattackgroups.
Question
AccordingtoFareedZakaria,whathashappenedoverthelast500yearsinthedistributionofpowerthathavereshapedinternationallife:itspolitics,economics,andculture?Answer
Therehavebeenthreefundamentalpowershiftsoverthelast500yearsinthedistributionofpowerthathavereshapedinternationallife:itspolitics,economics,andculture.Question
AccordingtoFareedZakaria,whatdidthefirsttheriseoftheWesternworldbringabout?AnswerItproducedmodernity:scienceandtechnology,commerceandcapitalism,theagriculturalandindustrialrevolutions.ItalsoproducedtheprolongedpoliticaldominanceofthenationsoftheWest.QuestionWhatdoesFareedZakariameanintermsofaU.S.imperium?AnswerItisauniqueunipolarworldinwhichtheopenglobaleconomyhasexpandedandaccelerated,thatthisexpansionisdrivingthenextchangeinthenatureoftheinternationalorder,andthatatthepolitico-militarylevel,theUnitedStatesremainsinasingle-superpowerworld.Question
AccordingtoFareedZakaria,whatwillhappeniftheworldbecomesmultipolar?AnswerOneverydimensionotherthanmilitarypower—industrial,financial,social,cultural—thedistributionofpowerisshifting,movingawayfromU.S.dominanceintoapost-Americanworld,onedefinedanddirectedfrommanyplacesandb
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