傅阳：小作文-流程图

Non-figureCharts

长沙新东方傅阳Version0907

FlowCharts

flow

chart流程图会偶尔在考试中出现。有时候以时间先后关系(chronologicalorder)排列，有时候以空间关系(spatialorder)组合，但是与数据图基本的解题思路类似。

(1)题目特点：这类题目当中不出现任何数据，而是以示意图的方式现。

(2)解题思路：

首先应该判断该图的组合方式是以时间关系还是空间关系进行。如果是按时间关系排列的话，那么按照各个步骤的先后顺序写作。如果是按空间关系排列的话，那么按照空间的上下内外进行比较。BasicConcepts

process/flow/stage/step1.时间/逻辑顺序连词

Tobeginwith/firstly…..Then,after,consequently,…..Thelaststep,finally2.表示步骤内容：主动被动

Weshouldputatableatableshouldbeput.3.表示方位，功能，意义，which

定从4.评价步骤，提醒注意：significant/essential/vital/indispensable……trivial/optional/…….3.表示方位，功能，意义，which

定从

………..,whichlocated/situated/hasbeenputin……..,is……(方位)………..,whichisusedto/function(s)as/serve(s)to/isaimingto……..,

is……(功能)………..,whichisimportant/trivial/optional……..,is………………(意义)Screenlocation=ondeskFunction=showthegraphSignificance=indispensable(评价)Thescreenisusuallyputonthedesk,asanindispensablepartofacomputer,

whichisusedto/servesthepurposeof/fulfillthejobofpresentingthegraphsinfrontofus.1.diagramforscientificexperiment

Paragraph2=howshouldweorganizethepreparation(准备的步骤按试验顺序，逻辑顺序)

Paragraph3=introducethesimple(commonsense)scientificprocess…..

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.

Thediagrambelowshowsthemethodofobtainingwateroutdoors.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.第一步骤

Accordingtothefigure,thefirststep

ofobtainingwateroutdoors

isto

findahole……..isdone………

toform(形成)/construct/buildan…….

Done=hung(挂)，dug(挖)，cut(剪),laid，turnedon(打开)，open，filled，removed，put，pasted，covered，uncovered……..

areapplied=复杂的做(用)法

为了什么目的（inorderto+主动语态）andstonesareappliedonbothsidesofthesheetontheedge（whichis）

inorderto(目的和功能)secure（=stabilize）itsposition达到什么效果（asaresult/therefore/Thus+被动语态）Anotherstoneisbeingputinthemiddle/centreofthesheetandasaresultthemiddlepartbecomesthelowestpartinthesheet.……..is……..,whichenables/allows/realizes……………thegeneisthenattachedtoavector,whichenablesthegenetoenteranewcell.Accordingtothefigure,earthisremovedfromthegroundtoform(形成)anindentedplace.(someplantwasputintothegroundandamongwhichacontainerwaslaid).Aplasticsheetisbeingusedtocoverthegroundandstonesareapplied

onbothsidesofthesheetontheedge

(inorder)

to(目的和功能)secure（=stabilize）itsposition.Anotherstoneisbeingput

inthemiddle/centreofthesheetandasaresult

themiddlepartbecomesthelowestpartinthesheet.Thechartdescribeshowwaterisobtainedoutdoors.Accordingtothefigure,thefirststep

ofobtainingwateroutdoorsisto

findaholewithgreenplantsonthebottom.Next,

removethegreenplantsonthemiddleofthebottomandputacontainerthere.Then,covertheholewithaplasticsheetandplacetwostonesonbothendsofit

tosecureitsposition.Athirdstoneislaid

onthemiddleoftheplasticsheet

sothat

themiddlepartisalsothelowestpart.对一个（自然）现象的描述When/nowthesunshinesonthegreenplantsinthehole,thereafter,waterevaporates(risesup)fromtheseplants.Thevaporrisesupandthencondenses（coolsdown）toformwaterdropsontheplasticsheet.Whenthereismoreandmorewater（whenthewateraccumulates）,itflowsalongthesheettoaccumulateonthelowestpart.Finally,waterfallsdownintothecontainerdirectlyunderthemiddlestone.Thus,wateriscollectedsuccessfullythroughevaporationfromgreenplants.常用的科学过程描绘词evaporatecondensevaporisedistillpurifyfilterboileruptdepositpercolatecirculateattachseparateisolateventilateconnect试验intro和conclusionThechartdescribeshowwaterisobtainedoutdoors.Thus,

wateriscollected

successfullythrough

evaporationfromgreenplants.Youshouldspendatleast20minutesonthistask.

Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationinthegeneticengineeringprocesschartbelow.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.位置上的包含关系AAAissituatedatBBB,whichisthe…..of/belongstoCCCcentre/edgeinDDD.firstofall，

AAAareidentifiedalong/inBBB,whichcanbefoundintheCCCatthecentre/edgeofDDD.

Thisdiagramshowstheconstituentpartsofacellandhowthegeneticinformationwithinacell,whichisstoredinchromosomes,canbetransferredtoanothercell

tocompletetheprocessofgeneticmodification.Thechartdescribeshowtheprocessofgeneticmodificationiscompleted.theconstituentparts(内部构造)ofacell

Tobeginthegeneticengineeringprocess,firstofall，

genesareidentifiedalongchromosomestrands,whichcanbefoundinthenucleusofacell.

Inthenextstage/step,particulargenesareisolatedbygeneticengineersandarethenbiochemicallycutoutoftheirchromosomalstrands.Followingthis,inthenextstage,thegeneisthenattachedtoavector,whichenablesthegenetoenteranewcell.Thiscombiningofgeneticinformationfromonecellkindtoanotheristheessence/criticalpartofthegeneticengineeringprocess.

描写科学步骤的模板：Tobeginthe……..process,firstofall，……………,whichcanbefound

……………..Inthenextstage/step,……………….Followingthis,inthenextstage,……………,whichenables

…………..Thisstepof………………isthemostcriticalpart………………..process.Finally,asintheexampleprovidedinthediagramshows,whentheregeneratedcellsofaparticularplantspeciesareallowedtogrow,theplantswillshowpropertiesofthegeneticinformation,whichhasbeenborrowedfromanotherspecies'cells.原理图2007年05月19日雅思考试

yearsheightLengthA8+350011.6French-ItalianB42-24053.85Japanese1-2表达花费，时长Ittook/cost…..tocomplete/finish/accomplish…….表达高，长，宽，重….

itisaslong/high/wide/heavyas……..itisaslongas11.6kilometres.Thetunnelruns/travels/spans/covers(覆盖面积)takesup

240metresbelowtheseasurface.ConnectingAandB,reachingfromAtoB,Thefiguresillustrateandcomparetheengineeringfeaturesoftwoworld-renownedtunnels,theMont-BlancRoadTunnelandtheSeikanRailwayTunnel.Mont-BlancTunnel，asshowninFigure1isaroadtunnelconnectingFranceandItaly.

Traveling3,500metresbeneaththehighestpeakofthemountainaboveit,thetunnelhasatotallengthof11.6kilometres.Theconstructionofthistunnelcommenced(=opened,started)in1957andittook8yearstocomplete.TheSeikanTunnelillustratedinFigure2isarailwaytunnelinJapan.Openedin1988,itrunsbeneaththeseabedoftheTsugaruStrait,connectingAomoriCityontheJapaneseislandandHakodateCityontheislandofHokkaido.Thetunnelruns240metres

belowtheseasurface.Itsconstructionbegan（commenced）asearlyas1946andittook42yearstocompletethis53.85kmsubmarinetunnel.联系作比较

AVSBA,B,A/B

AAAisbyfarlongerthanBBBandAAAtookmuchlongerthanBBBtoaccomplish.andAAAwas

muchmoreexpensivethanBBBItisevidentfromthediagramsthatalthoughbothrepresentremarkablefeatsofengineeringtechnology,theunderseaSeikanRailwayTunnelisbyfarlongerthanMont-BlancTunnelwhichwasbuiltonlandanditsconstructiontookmuchlongertoaccomplish.剑桥雅思5P75S2Hindon12km/10,000Ittravels12kmtogototheHindonTown,whichiswithpopulationof10,000.Andittakes16kmand25km’striptogotoBransdon(with15,000population)andCransdon(with29,000population)respectively.地图题的特点空间方位：描写顺序：layout

布局NWSEClockwise/anticlockwise空间过渡：nextto,atthecorner,inthemiddle,oppositeto,beside,infrontof,bottom,top,left,right,above…..across,gobeyond,pass,turnleft,turnrightMAP题范例Themapsbelowgiveinformationaboutaschoolsitein2004andtheplanningofthesameschoolin2010.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.（2007年7月1日雅思考题）审题：思路上同双piechartAin2004,maplayout(分布局)Bin2010,maplayout(分布局)+changeThetwomapsshowtheplanchangesinthecampuslayoutofHogwardsGrammarSchoolfrom2004to2010.Figure1providesanoverviewoftheoriginalschoolplanin2004.Atthistime,theschoolhas600studentsandit’s“only"schoolbuildingislocatedinitsnorthwestcorner.Toitseast,thereisalargesportfield,whichisconnectedtoschoolbuildingbyawalkingpath.Carsentertheschoolareafromitswestside,andthendrivealongamainroadwhich