人教版高一英语必修一Unit4

Unit4wordsrise(rise、rose、risen)vi.(指日月星辰烟等的)升起，水位价格温度的上升=goup;起身=getupn.增加增长起伏=increaseraisevt.抬高提高养育饲养（有被动）1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Herosefromhischairandbeganhisspeech.3.Therehasbeenasharpriseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.7.Hisjobisraisingchickens.

8.They_____theirarmsandwavedtouswithjoy.AroseBraisedB4.Pricescontinuetorise.6.Thepriceofthetomatoeshasbeen____recently.raised5.Hertemperatureisstill________.rising2.smellyadj.发臭的；有臭味的smelly是有smell这个词加上后缀-y而形成的。也就是说n+-y可以变成adj.，如：blood+-y=bloodyrain+-y=rainycloud+-y=cloudywind+-y=windysnow+-y=snowygreed+-y=greedydream+-y=dreamytaste+-y=tasty

ice+-y=icyfat+-y=fattymud+-y=muddyfog+-y=foggy

sun+-y=sunny流血的多云的下雪的幻想的冷漠的，冰的泥泞的肥胖的下雨的多风的贪婪的美味的阳光灿烂的有雾的3.burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂，爆发;(堤坝等)决口短语：突然……burstinto+n；burstout+doingeg:她突然笑起来。Sheburstoutlaughing.Sheburstinto.他突然大哭起来。Heburstoutcrying.Heburstinto.n.突然爆裂，爆发短语：aburstof…一阵…eg:一阵笑声laughtertearsaburstoflaughter勃然大怒aburstofangerburstintoburstwith闯入充满4.eventn.事件，大事;赛事,(体育比赛等的)项目辨析event,affair,matter,thing,business侧重大事，要事，有意义或不寻常之事，或体育赛事，演出或聚会“复杂的，较多的事情，事务”，常用复数affairs表示商业事务或政府的日常事务，如财政管理，外交事务等。侧重指须留心的要事或问题，难题Theelectionwasthemaineventof1999.这次选举是1999年的主要大事。Heshowsgreatinterestininternationalaffairs.他对国际事务很感兴趣。Don’tworry.We’lllookintothemattersoon.别着急，我们将很快调查此事。辨析event,affair,matter,thing,business最普通的用词，意为“事情，事务”，不管大事小事，好事坏事均可称为thing；复数things还可作“形式，情况”解作“事务”解时一般不能用复数，常指所指派的任务，责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业性的买卖活动Whatisthenextthingwehavetodo.我们下一步必须做的事是什么？Studentsinthecoursemustlearnaboutallaspectsofbusiness.学这门课程的学生主要商业的各方面知识。5.atanend结束，终结eg:炎热的天气终于结束了。Thehotdaysareatlastatanend.Thehotdayscometoanendatlast.beatanend=cometoanend结束短语：putanendto…=bring…toanend使…结束eg:他们应该结束战争。Theyshouldputanendtothewar.Theyshouldbringthewartoanend.辨析：atanend,intheend,attheendof,bytheendof…………1).atanend:表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连用。eg:战争结束了。Thewarwasatanend.=Thewarcametoanend.2).intheend:表示“最终，终于”，单独使用作状语。eg:最终他们放弃了那项计划。Theygaveuptheplanintheend.(atlast)3).attheendof:表示“在…的尽头/末尾”eg:今年年底，我父亲要回家。Myfatherwillcomehomeattheendofthisyear.Heisattheendofhispatience.

他已经忍耐到极限了。4).bytheendof:到…末为止，常与完成时态连用。bytheendoflast…用于过去完成时bytheendofnext…用于将来完成时eg:到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。Bytheendoflastmonth,hehadbeenonthatshipfortwoyears.到下学期末为止，我将学会3000多个英语单词。Iwillhavelearnedmorethan3000Englishwordsbytheendofnextterm.6.nationn.民族，国家，国民单词积累：nationaladj.国家的，民族的，国营的nationalityn.国籍辨析：nation,country,state侧重指“人民”，即“国民”Thewholenationwasindeepsorrow.举国悲痛。侧重指“疆土”，即“国土”。HehasbeentomanyAfricancountries.他去过许多非洲国家。侧重指“政权”“政体”，即“国权”He’saheadofstate.他是一位国家元首。7.ruinn.【C】倒塌的建筑物，废墟短语：be/lieinruins倒塌，破败不堪fallintoruins衰落，败落eg:现在这座城市已成为一片废墟了。Thecitynowis/liesinruins.n.【U】毁坏，毁灭，灭亡

vt.(完全地)毁坏，毁掉，使破产辨析：ruin,destroy,damage1).ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果，常指对美好的活希望中的事物的破坏。2).destroy表示在肉体上，精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁灭。3).damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值，无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的或长期损害的结果，可修复。8.injurevt.损害，伤害单词积累：injuredadj.受伤的injuryn.伤害，损害辨析：injure,hurt,wound,harm指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失，常指事故中的伤害普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上，感情上的伤害指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康，权利，事业等Abulletinjuredhislefteye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。Idon’twanttohurtyou.我不想伤害你。Thesoldierwaswoundedbadly.这位士兵严重受伤。Smokingseriouslyharmedhishealth.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。9.shockvi.&vt.(使)震惊，震动n.休克，打击，震惊单词积累：shocking令人震惊的，令人吃惊的shocked震惊的，吃惊的短语：beshockedby/at对…感到吃惊eg:对这个消息他并未感到吃惊。Hewasn’tshockedby/atthisnews.辨析：shock,surprise表示来得突然，而且常指不好的事情Chuck’sdeathcameasacompleteshocktoallofus.查克的去世让我们大家都感到十分的震惊。表示意外的事情，但不一定是不好的事情ItwasquiteasurprisetoknowIwasactuallygoodatdrawing.我发现自己原来对画画很在行，真叫人大感意外。10.rescuen.&vt.援救；营救短语：rescuefrom…从…中救出…cometosb’srescue=gotosb’srescue营救某人eg:他们救了一个溺水的男孩。Theyrescuedaboyfromdrowning(淹死，溺死).辨析：rescue,save1).rescue救助，援救，营救。重在强调迅速行动，从直接的，迫在眉睫的危险中解救。eg:Ateamwassentawaytorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.一个小队被派去营救困在火中的人。2).save救，救助，拯救。为普通用词，使用广泛，常指把处于危险或危急状态的人或事物解救出来，使之得以保全。eg:Theycouldthinkofnowaytosavethesituation.他们想不出什么办法来挽救局势。11.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏eg:她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。Shewasburiedbesideherhusband’sgrave.她双手捂着脸哭了起来。Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandcried.短语：buryoneselfin…=beburiedin….专心于…，埋首于…bendone’smind/efforts/thoughtsto…devoteoneselfto…=bedevotedto…专心于…，献身于…belostin…陷入…中12.sheltern.掩蔽，躲避处，避难，保护短语：takeshelterfrom…躲避…vt.&vi.庇护，掩护(常与from搭配使用)意为“保护…不受…的伤害/侵害”eg:人们在百货商场躲避阵雨。Peopletookshelterfromtheshowerinthedepartmentstore.那些树木庇护田地不受冷风侵袭。Thetreesshelterthefieldfromthecoldwind.13.damagen.&vt.损失，损害eg:Smokingcandamageyourhealth.抽烟会损害你的健康。短语：dodamageto…对…造成损害14.frightenvt.使惊吓，吓唬frightenedadj.受惊的，受恐吓的frighteningadj.令人恐惧的短语：befrightenedat…受…惊吓，见…大吃一惊befrightenedofsb/sth害怕某人/某物同义词：shock近义词：surprise15.expressvt.表示，表达短语：expressoneself表达自己的意见或感情expresssthtosb向某人表达某事eg:他向我们致谢。Heexpressedhisthankstous.单词积累：expressionn.表达，表情WarmingupHowmanyNatureDisasters

doyouknow?typhoon

tornado,hurricaneseismicseawave/tsunamivolcaniceruptionsandstormthunderstormdroughtfloodfirehurricaneEarthquakeWenchuanEarthquakeCanyoudescribehowterribletheearthquakewas?2008.5.12Thecitylayinruins.破败不堪Thebuildingsfelldown.倒塌Roadsmightcrack.

开裂Manypeoplewerekilledorinjured.受伤的Agreatnumberofpeoplelosttheirhomes.许多，大量AterribleearthquakehappenedinIndia.Tangshan,HebeiJuly28th,19761)

Doyouknowwhatwouldhappenbeforeanearthquake?2)Whatcanwedotokeepourselvessafefromanearthquake?DiscussionGuess:whatmayhappenbeforeanearthquake?BrightlightsflashintheskyAnimalsaretoonervous,suchascows,dogs,horses,andsnakes,etc.MiceranoutofthefieldsFishjumpedoutofbowlsandponds.Therewerecracksonthewells.Thewaterinthewellroseandfell.Don’tbenervousandkeepcalm.Don’ttrytorunoutoftheclassroom.Protectyourheadbyputtingyourbagonyourhead.Squatorsitdownunderyourdesk.Leavetheclassroomaftertheearthquake.THEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPANIGHTReadingImagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.

imagine:formamentalpicture

imagine+n./pron.

imaginesb.tobe

shake:使摇晃，发抖，摇动shakehandswithsb.同某人握手shakesbbythehand=shakesb'shand.Languagepointsrightaway:atonce;innotime;immediatelyrightnow:atthisverymomentMakeupyourmind___________.I’llreturnthebook___________.rightnowrightawayHe_____fromhischairwhenthedoorbellrang.Herjobis_______chickens.Hertemperatureisstill______.He________inrankrecently.2.risevi.rose,risen

上升;升起;上涨;升高;增加raisevt.raised,raised

举起,抬起，喂养roseraisingrisinghasrisensmelly:smell+y=adj.

smelln./v(smelt/smelled)Theywereallhungryandthefood______good.Ican______somethingburninginthekitchen.Pleasethrowthe_______fishaway.smeltsmellsmelly3.A______gascame_____thecracks.smellyoutof4.…thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedand_____.burstburst可以作动词，意为：使爆炸;使破裂；突然发生，突然出现。常构成短语burstintosth.或burstoutdoingsth.，表示“突然开始（做某事）”，如：burstintotears=burstoutcrying（表示“突然哭起来”）。也可以作名词，意为：爆炸。例如：[即学即练]根据burst的用法，完成下列句子。1.Everyoneintheroomburstout_________(laugh).2.Shefoundtherewere________(burst)inthewellwalls.laughingbursts5.Itseemedasiftheworld…1)asif似乎，好像=asthoughShespoketomeasifsheknewme.她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。2)asif在表语从句中相当于that:Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.看起来会议没完没了。本文中asif的用法就是第二种。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!=Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend!Itseemedthattheworldwas________.atanendattheendof用于表示具体事物或场所的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意;bytheendof用于表示时间的场合，到……结束的时候，用于过去完成时态;intheend意思“最后、终于”。Compare:

attheendofbytheendofintheend1)Hisfatherwillreturnhome___________thisyear.2)Hewillbeascientist__________.3)HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearned____________lastterm?attheendofintheendbytheendof6.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayin_____.ruinslie(lay,lain):tobe,remainorbekeptinacertainstateinruins:severelydamagedordestroyedCompare:ruin;destroy;damage①damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与tosomething连用。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.②destroy只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。Theearthquakedestroyedalmostthewholetown.③ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作

“使毁灭”、

“使崩溃”、“弄糟”解;用作名词时,它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。Thefireruinedthecastle.Thehousehasfallenintoruin.Thecompanyisfacingruin.Thevillage___inruinsafterthewar.Thesemachineshave____idlesincethefactoryclosed.Anearthquakeleftthewholetown_______.Hiscareeris________.laylaininruinsinruinsEverywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwas_________.destroyedHe______hisgirlfriend’sprospectsruinedSoftwood________easily.damages7.Two-thirds

ofthepeoplediedorwere_______duringtheearthquake.injuredMorethan61%ofthesurfaceoftheearth____coveredbywater.Seventypercentoftheworkersinthisfactory____young.以百分数作为主语的，谓语动词是单数还是负数取决于百分数后面跟的名词是可数还是不可数的。isare请根据提示完成下列句子。1.________(三分之一)ofthestudentsinourclass____(be)girls.2.__________(五分之三)ofthesoil__________(wash)awaybythefloodlastnight.3.______(一半)ofthedesksinthisschool________(make)inhiscompany.4.______(大部分的)ofthelecturehemadeyesterday______(be)interesting.One-thirdareThree-fifthswaswashedHalfaremadeMostwas5._________________(数万)people_____________(dance)inthebigsquarenow.6.Therewere____________(一万)studentstakingpartintheexamyesterday.7._________________(百分之九十)ofthemountain__________(cover)bytrees.iscoveredTensofthousandsofaredancingtenthousand90%/90percentCompare:injure;hurt;wound

injure:tohurtoneself/sb./sth.physically三者都可表示受伤，伤害。hurt可指对身体上的伤害，也指对心灵造成的伤害。wound一般指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤等，尤其指在战争中，打斗中受伤。injure一般是指在事故中受伤，往往意为“外伤”。Theircriticisms_________himdeeply.Smokingwill________hishealth.Hewasslightly________inthecaraccident.Hegot_________inthefighting.Whatyousaid_____myfeeling.havehurtinjuredinjuredwoundedhurt8.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.[分析]a.这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。b.本句的结构是：第一个分句（Thousandsoffamilieswerekilled）+and+第二个分句（manychildrenwereleftwithoutparents）。c.第二个分句的结构为：主语（manychildren）+谓语（wereleft）+主语补足语（withoutparents）。d.可以充当补足语的还有形容词、分词、不定式、名词或句子等。[仿写]________________________________________________________________________（有这么多作业要做，我怎么能轻松起来呢？）HowcouldIfeelrelaxedwithsomuchhomeworktodo?9.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.coverv.遮盖，遮蔽，报道，占有..面积becoveredwith/by被...覆盖Thefieldiscoveredwithsnow.cover...with..用...盖...Hecoveredthetablewithatable-cloth.Shewillstaythere,coveringthewholegame.Ourorchardscover(anareaof)1000mu.10.Trap阅读下列句子，注意trap的意思及用法。1)Theelevatorbrokedownandweweretrappedinside(it).2)Imusttakenonoticeoftheirpolitenessorkindnesswhichwasdesignedtotrapmeintogivinginformation.3)Ifwe’relucky,thethiefwillfallrightintoourtrap.4)Tobreakoutofthetraptheyneedhelpfromthegovernment.[自我归纳]trap可以作_____，意为：___________（句1）。可以构成短语o(doing)sth.，表示“使中计；使陷入圈套”（句2）。也可以作名词,意为：_____（句3）；_____（句4）。动词使陷入困境困境陷阱[即学即练]根据括号内的提示完成句子。1.Iknewperfectlywell_____________(这是一个陷阱).2.Bycleverquestioning,they______________(诱使他)makinganagreement.itwasatraptrappedhiminto[考点]last在此句中意为“持续，延续”。可单独使用，也可后接for+一段时间（for可以省略）。11.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.[考例]Theeveningnewscomesonatseveno’clockand______onlythirtyminutes.(2004全国卷II)A.keeps B.continuesC.finishesD.lasts[点拨]根据句意“……只持续30分钟”，排除C；keep意为“维持，保持”时，后接形容词作表语，排除A;continue指继续做某事；last指某事持续了多长时间。12.Allhopewasnotlost.[考点]all...not=notall...意为“并不都……”，是部分否定。当all,both及every的合成词与not连用时，表示部分否定；完全否定要用no,never,nowhere,none,neither,nothing,nobody等。[考例]Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith______.(NMET1997)A.everything B.anythingC.something D.nothing[点拨]根据前面的“我同意你说的大部分”，暗示“我并不同意所有的”，可知是部分否定，选A。not...everything表示的是部分否定。13.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.digout挖掘；发现bury:A.toplaceinthegroundB.tooccupy(oneself)withdeepconcentration;absorbThedogburiedtheboneintheground.Iburiedmyselfinmystudies.buryoneselfin=beburiedindevoteoneselfto=bedevotedtoa.这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。b.本句的结构是：主语（Thearmy）+谓语（organized）+宾语（teams）+目的状语（todigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead）。c.whoweretrapped是定语从句，修饰先行词those。d.and连接两个不定式短语作目的状语。14.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.[考点]whose意为“……的”，在定语从句中作关系代词，后接名词。当前面的先行词与后面的名词构成所属关系时，就用关系代词whose。其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。[考例]Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(天津2005)A.that B.whoseC.those D.what[点拨]因from前是逗号，可判断出后面是一个定语从句，排除those；从句部分与先行词之间的关系为：thepeoplearestillsufferingfromtheeffectsofthefloods，whose指代ofthefloods,在句中作定语，故此题选B。Jointhecorrectpartsofthesentences.Doafastreadingofthepassage.2The

peopledidn’tworrybecause

1Thechickensdidn’teatbecause

Ctheywerenervous.Etheydidn’tknowwhatthestrangeeventsmeant.3Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecause4Waterwasneededbecause5ThepeopledidnotlosehopebecauseDdamsandwellswereuseless.Bthequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.A

thearmycametohelpthem.

Secondreading:

Structureofthetextshockeddestroyed2-3noonenoticedStrangethings1freshwatershelterstobury4DetailsofeachpartThirdreading:Part1Part2Part3roseandfelldeepcracks,smellygasranoutof,lookingforplacestohidetoonervoustoeatjumpedoutbrightlightssoundofplanesheardevennoplanescrackedandburstPart1Data(数据)______ofthenationfelttheearthquake.Ahugecrackthatwas__kilometreslongand

_____metreswidecutacrosshouses.In___terriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.

____ofthepeoplediedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan________.Allofthecity’shospitals,_____ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand_____ofitshomesweregone.1/3830152/3400,00075%90%Para.2-3Thesenumbersshowthedestructiveeffectsofearthquakedirectlytouswhichcanhelpusgainmoreinformationabouttheearthquake.HowthearmyhelpedthepeopleinTangshan?Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythosewhoweretrapped.☆Minerswererescuedfromthecoalmines.☆Shelterswerebuiltforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.☆Freshwaterwastakentothecity.☆Part3:AftertheearthquakePost-reading:Retellthestory____________happenedinTangShan.Forafewdays,waterinthewells_____________.Fromthe______ofwells__________comeout.Mice,chicken,pigsandevenfishbecame________.At3:00am,everythingbeganto______.Itseemedthattheworldwas_________._________ofthenation____it.___________cutacrossthecity.Thecitylay_______.StrangethingsroseandfellcrackssmellygasnervousshakeatanendOne-thirdfeltAhugecrackinruinsTwo-thirdsofthepeople_____or___________.Thenlaterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake______TangShan.Peoplebegantowonder___________________________.Butallhope____________._______cametohelpthose________.Slowly,thecitybeganto_____________.diedwereinjuredshookhowlongthedisasterwouldlastwasnotlostSoldiersbreatheagainsurvivorsDiscussionWhatcanwedotoreducethedamageofearthquakes?keys1.Buildhousesalongthelineswheretwooftheearth’splatesjointogether;2.Buildthehousesonrockthanonsand.3.Makethehousesasstrongaspossible,weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake.

TheAttributiveClause

定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：

被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词

引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.Theboy

whoishandsomeisTom.Theboy

whoistallisTom.Theboy

whoisstrongisTomTheboy

whoiscleverisTomTheboy

whoisnaughtyisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.

(主语)Theboy

whohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Thewomangotthejob.

ThewomancanspeakRussian.Thewoman

whocanspeakRussian

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwhoisfamouswillgiveusatalk.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.

(宾语)

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreet

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.

Ex:Heistheteacher.Theteachercanspeak

French.HeistheteacherwhocanspeakFrench.Doyouknowtheman?

Hecametovisityoutoday.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?Theladysteppedonhisfoot.

Hewasdancingwiththelady.Thelady(whom)hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.Doyouknowtheman?

Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowthemanwhomyouwillvisittoday?appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.

Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.

Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhich(主语)iseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?

Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)(宾语)youtalkedaboutlastnight.

that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.

4.

that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,

一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething

(that)

youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引导时

Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.(8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree____isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_____Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Myhometownisnotthesameone_______itusedtobetwentyyearsago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat

who,that

（先行词为人）区别1.用who不用that的情况：(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise2.只能用which,不用that的情况:

1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.whose

在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose

后的名词为所属关系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。

Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.ThisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblueThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblueDoyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDoyouknowthegirlwhosehairis

thehairofwhomveryshortinourclass?Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHeisthestudentwhosepencil

thepencilofwhomIbrokeyesterday.MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou..Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebroken

isbeingrepairednow.

Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout….HisnamewasMrLittle.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKingThisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,

islikedbyallthestudentsThebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.1

Theriver___arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2

shelikestousewords___iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmea