被动语态课件

退出Grammar执教老师：黄秋凤AnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheReadingpart:(1)Howwereblackstreatedinthesouthernstatesinthe1950s?Theywerenottreatedasequalcitizens.(2)Howwereblacksseparatedfromwhitepeople?Theywereseparatedfromwhitepeopleinshops,restaurants,hospitalsandonbusesandtrains.(3)Howwereblackchildreneducated?Theywereeducatedinseparateschools.(4)Whatwasdonein1964togiveblackpeopletherighttovote?AnewCivilRightswaspassedin1964togiveblackpeopletherighttovote.1.Theywerenottreatedasequalcitizens.2.Theywereseparatedfromwhitepeopleinshops,restaurants,hospitalsandonbusesandtrains.3.Theywereeducatedinseparateschools.4.AnewCivilRightswaspassedin1964togiveblackpeopletherighttovote.二．被动语态的基本结构

be+过去分词（人称.数.时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）PASSIVEVOICE退出一．

语态语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词就要用被动语态。ClickhereHisbrotherwashesbowlsevery

day.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsare

washedbyhis

brother

every

day.改为被动语态退出时间现在过去一般时进行时完成时bedone(is/am/are)bebeingdone(is/am/are)bedone(was/were)bebeingdone(was/were)将来will/shallbedonewill/shallhavebeendonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendone过去将来would/shouldbedonewould/shouldhavebeendone情态动词can/may/mustbedone1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词4．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词5.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：

S+am/is/are+being+过去分词6.I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：

S+was/were+being+过去分词7.We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词1.Flowers___________onthecarsinthestreetbyagroupofcivilactivists.2.Speeches_______________infrontofthecityhall.werepaintedwerebeingmadeExercises3.Astatement__________onespeakerwhichsaidthatrulesareunfair.4.Morethan100demonstrations______________thepolice.5.Thecivilrightsactivists____________prisonbythepolice.wasreadbywerearrestedbywereputinto6.

Thisday____________________bythepeopleofthecity.willneverbeforgotten语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)

注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.

一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

退出3.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.

Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.

Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词:

lookat,observe,see,notice,watch;make,let,have,hear,listento,feel等。巧记：这些动词为“五看三使役，两听一感觉”退出4.Youshouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.

5.—Doyoulikethematerial?

—Yes,it

(feel)verysoft.感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，smell,look,seem,taste,sound等。feels下列情况主动句不能改为被动句Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

6.Thiskindofcloth

(wash)well.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。washes7.WorldWarII

(breakout)

in1937.brokeout表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,last,cometrue,runout,turnout,belongto等以主动形式表示被动意义。

8.Theshop

(open)at6am.everyday．表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run...)opens9.(1)Thebuilding

nextyearisournewlibrary(2)Thebuilding

nowisournewlibrary.(3)Thebuilding

lastyearisournewlibrary.tobebuiltbeingbuiltbuilt非谓语动词的被动形式

beingdone(表动作正在被进行)

havingbeendone(表动作已经被进行)

tobedone(表动作将要被做)

tohavebeendone(表动作到将来某时将已经被完成)

done(表动作已经被完成)

(build)非谓语动词的被动情况10.Yourjacketneeds

.(wash)want/need/require作“需要”讲时后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。washingtobewashed11.Thebookisworth

.(read)beworth后常接动名词，用主动表示被动义．reading12.Thebookisdifficult

(understand)反射不定式，不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。

(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,light,comfortable,safe)tounderstand13.Iwillgivehimsomething

(drink)不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。todrinkHomework高考调研(1)law(n.)--(n.)(2)separate(v.)--(n.)(3)politics(n.)--(adj.)(4)marry(v.)--(n.)(5)equal(adj.)--(n.)(6)achieve(v.)--(n.)lawyerseparationpoliticalmarriageequalityachievementChangetheformsofthefollowingwords:1.

Completethesentenceswithproperwordsfromthereadingpassage.Thefirstletterhasbeengiven.

(1)S______isthesystembywhichsomepeopleareownedbyothersasslaves.lavery(2)Fiftyyearsago,mixed-racemarriagesweref________.(3)Thepolicea______RosaParks,ablackwomanwhorefusedtogiveherseattoawhiteman.(4)Civilrightsfightersd________thatblackswouldbetreatedequally.orbiddenrrestedemanded(5)DuringtheSecondWorldWar,from1937to1945,thereweremanyorganisedb_______ofJapane