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强化练习四(下)答案及Passage①IftwoscientistsatLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryarecorrect,peoplewillstillbedrivinggasoline-poweredcars50yearsfromnow,givingoutheat-trapcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere---andyetthatcarbondioxidewillnotcontributetoglobalwarming.1Thescientists,F.JeffreyMartinandWilliamL.KubicJr.,areproposingaconcept,whichtheyhavepatrioticallynamedGreenFreedom,forremovingcarbondioxidefromtheairandturningitbackinto 二氧化碳contributeosthproposev.patriotically爱国地— ②Theideaissimple.Airwouldbeblownoveraliquidolutionwhichwouldabsorbthecarbondioxide.Thecarbondioxidewouldthenbeextractedandsubjectedtochemicalreactionsthatwouldturnitintofuel.Althoughtheyhavnotetbuiltafuelfactory,orevenasmallprototype,thescientistssayitisallbasedonexisingtechnology.“Everythingintheconcepthasbeenbuilt,isoperatingorhasaclosecousinthatisoperating.”D.Martinsaid.Theproposaldoesnotviolateanylawsofphysics,andotherscientistshavindependentlysuggestedsimilarideas. absob v.提取，提炼n.摘 besubjected 使经受，使 n.反应，回应— v（对…）作出反应，回 n.原型，最初形态 n.堂兄（或弟、姊、妹；表兄（或弟、姊、妹） v.，违背（法律、协议等）③Intheeffortstoredcehumanity’semissionsofcarbondioxide,threesolutionshavebeenoffered:hydrogen-poweredcars,electriccarsandbiofuels.Biofuelsaregasolinesubstitutesproducedfromplanslikecornorsugarcane.Plantsabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow,butgrowngcropsforfuelakesupwidestripsofland.2.Hydrogen-poweredcarsemitnocarbondioxide,utproducinghydrogenrequiresenergy,andifthatenergycomesfromcoal-firedpowerplants,hentheproblemhasnotbeensolved.Theproblemwithelectriccarsisthattheyhavetypicallybeenlimitedtoarangeoftensofasopposedtothehundredsofthatcanbedrivenonaofgas.emissionn.排放；排放物—emitv.发出，散发（光、热、声音、气等）solutionn.解决办法，处理substituten.代替者，代替物stripn.条，带；狭长地带 plantn.植物；发电厂，工厂electricadj.电的，用电的—electricityn.电④Gasoline,itturnsout,isanalmostidealfuel(exceptthatitproducescarbondioxide).3.Ifcanbemadeoutofcarbondioxideintheair,theLosAlamosconceptmaymeanthereislittlereasontoswitch,afterall. v.改变，转变n.（电路的）⑤4.“It’sdefiniyworthpursuing,”aidMartinI.Hoffert,aprofessorofphysicsatNewYorkUniversity.“Ithasacoupleofpiecestoitthatareinteresting.”Otherscientistsalsosaidtheproposallookedpromisingbutcouldnotevaluateitfullybecausethedetailshadnotbeenpublished.pursuev.追求，致力于 evaluatev.评价，评估publishv.；，公WhatismostremarkableabouttheproposalmadebythetwoscentistItisgivenapatrioticNolawofphysicsItisbasedonexistingCarbondioxidecanbeconvertedinto参考答案解析：细节题。由题干的proposal和twscienists定位至文章中找到答题依据：“Thescientists,F.JeffreyMartinandWilliamL.KubiJr.,areproposingaconcept,whichtheyhavepatrioticallynamedGreenFreedom,forremovingcrbondioxidfromtheairandturningitbackintogasoline.it指代的是前面的“carbondioxde”，也就是说“将二氧化碳转无疑会是最显著的成果，所以D项正确。ABC三项虽然也是与该项提案有关的，但不足以称为“mostremarkableWhatisthebiggestproblemwithhydrogenpoweredThereisnocheapsourcefTheremightbeasafetyprbleminhydrogenThymaystillbeacausofglobalTheyarenotsuitableforlong-distance参考答案解析细节题。由题干的hydrogen-poweredcars定位至文章中找到答题依据：“Hydrogen-poweredcarsemitnocarbondioxide,butproducinghydrogenrequiresenergy,andifthatnergycomesfromcoal-firedpowerplants,thentheproblemhasnotbeensolved.”从中则问题还是没有得到解决，所以C选项正确。AB选项原文未提及原文是说电动汽车只能在数十英里内运行，张冠李戴 项错误Ifwhatisproposedbythetwo es airpollution eathingofthetherewillbenoneedforgasolinepeoplewillbeabletousemuchcheapertherewillbenomorebiofuel-powered参考答案解析：细节题。根据文章第四段“Ifitcanbemadeoutofcarbondioxideintheair,theLosAlamosconceptmaymeanthereislittlereasontoswitch,afterall.”可知，如果能从空气中的二氧化碳制得，LosAlamos概念可能就意味着根本没必要改变，B选项正确。C提及；D项过于绝对，可排除WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeofMartinI.HofferttothepA. B. C. D.参考答案worthpursuing,’aidMartinI.Hoffert,aprofessorofphyscsatNewYorkUniversity.‘Ithasacoupleofpiecestoitthatareinteresting.’”由此可知，MartinIHoffert认为这一概念是值得去深入研究的，这个方案里还是有些有趣的新点子，所以他的态度应该是肯定B项正确。indifferent“漠不关心的”；suspicious“怀疑的可疑的”；critica“性的”。Thepassageismainlywrittenintroduceanew B.cmparedifferenenergyC.stresstheimportanceof D.discussolutiontoglobal参考答案解析：主旨题。综观全文，本文是围绕着LosAlmos国家一项名为“绿色自由”的概念来展开叙述的，所以A项正确其余三项都不是本文主要叙述的内容，可排除。Passage①Inherinterntionalbst-sellingTalktotheHand,authorLynneTrussarguesthatcommoncourtesiessuchassayig“Excuseme”arepracticallyextinct.Therearecertainlyplentywhowouldagreewithher.extinctdj.不再存在的，已②Isitreallytrue?Wedecidedtofindoutbyexperiments.IndozensofAmericancities,ourreportersperfomedtwoexperiments:“doortests”(wouldanyoneholdoneopenforthem?)and“drops”(whowouldhelpthemretrieveapileof“accidentally”droppedpapers?).Alongthewaythereportersencounteredalltypes:menandwomenofdifferentraces,ages,professions, elevels.dozensof许多，很多performv.执行；表演retrievev.取回；索回apileof...一摞...accidentallyadv.偶然地，意外地encounterv.③While90percentofthepeoplepassedthedoortest,only55percentpasseddrop.2.Arepeoplelesslikelytohelpotherswhenngsotakesextraeffortortime?Notalways,thereportersfound.Takethepregnantwomanwhothoughtnothingofbendingdowntohelpuswithourpapers.OrthewomannamedLizwhobalancedtwocoffees,herkeysandherwalletonatakeouttraywithonehand,whilepickinguppapersoffthewetpavementwiththeother.Herreasonforhel?“Iwasthere,”shesaid.bendv.pregnantadj. v.使（在某物上）保持平衡n.平衡 adj.外卖的，供顾客带出外吃的n.外卖食品 pavementn.人行道，路面pickup④3.Overall,menwerethemostwillingtohelp,especiallywhnitcametodumentdrops.Inthose,menofferedaid63percentofthetime,comparedto47percentamongwomen.Ofcourse,menandweremorethantwiceasliklytohelphepickupfallenpapersthantheyweretohelpourmalereporter.democraticadj.femaleadj.⑤4.Byfar,themostcommonreasonpeopleciedforbeingwillingtogooutoftheirwaytohelpotherswastheirupbringing.“I’sthewayIwasraised,”saidoneyoungwomanwhoheldadooropendespitestrugglingwithherumrellaonarainydayinBrooklyn. v.提及（原因）；upbringingn.养育，教养bringsbupstrugglingwith与...⑥1.Werealizethisisn’tarigorousscientificstudy,butwebelieveitisareasonablerealwordtestofgoodmnnersaroundtheglobe.5.Andit’scomfortingtoknowthatinaplacewheremillinsofpeoplepushoneanothereachdaytogetahead,they’reabletodoitwithas.Hey,iftheycanmakenicehere,theycanmakeniceanywhere.rigorosadj.谨慎的，细致 reasonableadj.合理的，公平comfortingadj.令人安慰的—comfortn.宽慰；舒服v.WhichofthefollowingisthebestwordtodescribetheA. B. C. D.参考答案Werealizethisisn’tarigorousscientificstudy,butwebelieveitisareasonablerealworldtestofgoodmannersaroundtheglobe.”注意该句中的“but”转折词，D项“Realistic”与“real”同义，故选D项。作者已明确说明“这并非是一次严格的科学研究”，可排除A项根据“thereportersencounteredalltypes:menandwomenofdifferentraces,ages,professions, C项“性的”过于夸大，应该排除。（S.）TheexamplesofthepregnantwomanandLizareusedtoshowthatsome maytakethetroubletohelpwon’ttakethetroubletohelpmayhelpotherssavewon’thelpotherssave参考答案解析：细节题。根据题干关键信息可迅速定位至文章中找到答题依据：“ApelelesslikelytohelpotherswhenngsotakesextraeffortortimeNotalwysthereportrsfound.thepregnantwoman（孕妇）Liz的例子就是为了证明情况并不总是这样，即人们还是可能去帮助他人的，即使需要花费额外的时间和精力，A文章是说帮助他人需要花费时间，并不是说帮助他人节省时间，C、D项排除Accordingtothewomenaremrewomenaremorelikelytoneedmenaremorereadytmearemoredemocratiinhel参考答案解析：细节题。根据选项可定位至第四段：“Overallmenwerethemostwillingtohelp,espeiallywhenitcametodrops.”这句话明确说明男士是最乐于提供帮助的，故CA项文章并未提及，属于无中生有文章只是说到测试里男士帮助女捡起掉落文件的次数是帮助男的两倍多，这并不能说明可能更需要帮助，