话题带动下的知识框架构建与语用能力提升

西安铁一中侯智斌话题带动下的知识框架构建与语用能力提升

近年来，陕西中考英语试题既体现了考试的基础性和稳定性，更体现了新课改中“加强对语言综合运用能力的考查”的精神。突出体现在以下十六字：“设置语境，突出语篇，强调运用，注重交际”。为了使英语学习更多的应用于实际生活，并符合新课程标准的要求，包括我校在内的许多学校近年已在各级教科所老师们的带领下，纷纷开始不断尝试以“话题带动总复习”的方法来取代长期以来大家所习惯的“语法为主线”和“教材为主线”的复习方法。

《新课标》明确列出话题细目表，包括个人信息，家庭、朋友与周围的人，学校生活，兴趣爱好，个人情感，人际关系,健康，文娱与体育，节假日活动，世界与环保，语言学习，社会，历史与地理等24项。与此同时，新课标、中考说明及考纲规定以内的功能意念目标，包括问候，介绍，告别，感谢，道歉，邀请，请求许可，祝愿和祝贺，提供帮助，约会，打电话，就餐，就医，购物，指路、问路，谈论天气，语言交际困难，提醒注意，劝告及建议等共20项考查点也是我们在知识框架构建与语用能力提升过程中必须要帮助学生掌握的重点。

话题引领—整合与话题相关的语言知识—互动的语言技能训练—针对性强化训练与模拟检测为全面提高学生语用能力和中考成绩提供了保证。

教材的单元—话题—功能—任务的编写思路为话题式复习提供了依据

话题陕西中考真题教材对应单元个人情况2009完形填空个人经历2009书面表达个人信息2011完成句子56题个人信息人教七上Unit1人教八上Unit6冀教Book1Unit3家人朋友与周围的人2009单选23题家庭生活2010书面表达介绍朋友2013单选21题家庭生活人教七上Unit3人教八上Unit9冀教Book1Unit5话题陕西中考真题教材对应单元学校生活2010阅读理解B介绍学校2011单选26题语言学习2013单选21题语言学习2013单选25题语言学习人教七上Unit12人教九Unit1冀教Book1Unit1冀教Book3Unit6节假日活动2011单选23题计划与愿望2012单选30题节日人教八下Unit5冀教Book3话题陕西中考真题教材对应单元饮食与健康2013单选22题点餐2013单选24题健康人教七下Unit8冀教Book1Unit4冀教Book2Unit7天气旅游与交通2010单选23题天气2011单选25题交通安全2012任务型阅读学校郊游人教八下Unit10冀教Book4Unit5社会自然与环境2009补全对话A环境保护2011阅读理解A水资源2013阅读理解A国家与民族人教七下Unit3冀教Book4Unit8话题复习的实施思路依据话题，整合复习内容紧扣话题，创设教学情境围绕话题，精设导学活动贯穿话题，提升语用能力易错题为载体的相关语法知识小结与训练话题复习课的程序设计词汇、短语的搜集与整理特定语境下的情景反应、功能意念与重点句型大搜捕语篇的理解、补全与写作训练

中考题型话题检测

话题复习课的实施步骤情境活动话题整合听说读写词汇积累句法练习语法小结语篇运用第一课时词汇、短语的搜集与整理广泛调动学生积极参与“资源共享”，即每组派一位学生代表将本组搜集的词汇、短语投影呈现给全班，其他组的同学进行积极补充。期间，鼓励学生就其中重要的词法进行重点讲解与针对性链接练习，老师补充点评。最后，安排利用15分钟时间进行当堂检测，以帮助学生巩固相关词语。

WordsandexpressionsA.天气状况：weather,sun,sunny,cloud,cloudy,rain,rainy,shower,snow,snowy,freeze,storm,wind,windy,cold,hot,warm,cool,dry,wet,humid,fine,temperature,degree,heat,sunshine,etc.B.旅游：travel,tour,trip,journey,passport,map,tourist,visitor,ticket,camp,picnic,guide,sight,etc.C.交通：traffic,rule,passenger,bike,engine,bus,car,taxi,truck,train,plane,ship,boat,sail,across,through,road,way,route,railway,undergroud,subway,airplane,flight,speed,meter,mile,kilometre,accident,etc.

D.方位：direction,east,eastern,west,western,south,southern,north,northern,center,middle,on,above,than,blow,under,down,front,back,after,left,right,top,bottom,side,ontheothersideof,by,about,beside,in,out,inside,outside,among,at,between,then,close,near,behind,infrontof,acrossfrom,far,high,short,surface,straight,upstair,downstair,etc.

WordsandexpressionsKeyPhrases:duringtheholidays,takephotos,weatherreport/weatherforecast,haveagreattime/enjoyoneself/havefundoingsth…,takethebus/train/subway/plane…,howfar,decideon,byboat/car/bus/taxi/train/plane/bike…,onthebus/boat/car/taxi/train/plane/bike…，walkacross/through/past...,havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin,etc.第二课时特定语境下的情景反应、功能意念与重点句型大搜捕由学生代表将课前搜集的有关此话题的功能意念及重要句型进行共享，其他同学补充并相互探讨其用法及注意事项。随后，为学生提供生活中常见的有关旅游的情境，帮助学生分角色进行会话操练，并作出适当评价。本节课老师课前必须多准备相关的听句子选答语和补全对话练习，课堂上供学生趁热打铁，当堂检验听课效果。

KeyStructures:

HowistheweatherinXi’an?=What’stheweatherlike?Itissunnytoday.Itwaswindyyesterday.Howwasyourschooltrip?Wheredidyougoonvacation?Howdidyougothere?Whodidyougotherewith?Howarethepeople/foods/sights/transportationsthere…?Howlongdidyoustaythere?Didyouvisitanyplacesofinterest?Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?WehadagreattimeatWaterWorld.WhenareyouleavingforBeijing?MyfamilyandIareplanningtogototheSummerPalace.Iloveplaceswherethepeoplearefriendlyandthefoodsaredelicious.Whendoesthetrainarrive？Howlongdoesittakeyoutogetfrom…to…bybus?KeyStructures:

They’llflytoQingdaothisafternoon.Howdoesyourfathergotoworkeveryday?Davidridestoschooleverydayandit’sabout15minutesridefromhishometoschool.Thetrafficissobusyat8:00inthemorning,I’mafraidI’llbelatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.Ihopeyouwillenjoyyourselfduringyourstaythere,andshowmeyourphotoswhenyou’reback.KeyStructures:

功能意念：问候，介绍，告别，感谢，道歉，邀请，请求许可，祝愿和祝贺，提供帮助，约会，打电话，就餐，就医，购物，指路、问路，谈论天气，语言交际困难，提醒注意，劝告及建议

第三课时易错题为载体的相关语法知识小结与训练各小组派代表，以事先准备好的平时作业和考试中频频出现的错题为载体，对该话题下所涉及的语法知识进行小结讲解。老师进行补充和评价，并当堂检测课堂效果。

高频考点集锦：考点一:询问天气情况及其答语。

考点二:常见的交通表达方式

考点三:havebeento,havegoneto

和havebeenin/at的辨析

考点四:指路问路的表达方式……

考点五:表示顺延、转折、条件、让步的连词及副词的用法KeyGrammar:1.一般现在时态的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答、各种特殊疑问句及其回答。2.一般过去时态的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答、各种特殊疑问句及其回答。3.一般将来时态的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答、各种特殊疑问句及其回答。4.现在完成时态的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答、各种特殊疑问句及其回答。第四课时语篇的理解、补全与写作训练以语篇阅读、短文填空和语篇写作为主要任务展开训练，涉及听短文，选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读、短文填空和书面表达等方面内容。尤其是书面表达要尽可能多的展示学生的习作，以便于学生相互纠错，对习作中普遍出现的语用问题，老师做以重点讲解，重点突破。以帮助学生强化理解。话题板块大练考整个有关天气、旅游及交通话题复习的四个课时教学内容全部结束之后，我们会以随堂检测过程中学生所暴露出的问题为主要内容，年级统一命题，以大练考的形式安排一次话题检测，对教学效果加以测评并认真分析，为后一阶段的查漏补缺准备素材。知识迁移与中考链接：听句子，选答语：1.Whydon’tyougotoParisforvacation?A.Soundsgreat.B.You’regreat.C.It’sveryniceofyou.2.HaveyoubeentotheSummerPalace?A.Yes,severaltimes.B.No,Ididn’t.C.Yes,Ido.3.Howistheweather?A.It’ssunny.B.It’sMonday.C.It’sJune27.听对话，选答案1.A.AbridgeB.ApolicestationC.Arestaurant.2.A.trains.B.Planes.C.Buses.3.A.HowtogotoDalian.B.Tibetisaninterestingplace.C.Howtospendtheirvacation.知识迁移与中考链接：1.What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Passengerandtaxidriver.B.Husbandandwife.C.Friends.2.Whattimedoestheplanetakeoff?A.At9:13.B.At9:30C.At9:203.Whyisthewomaninsuchahurry?A.Becausesheisgoingtoseefiveteachersoffattheairport.B.Becauseit’salmosttimeforherplanetotakeoff.C.Becauseit’sherfirsttimetotakeaplaneandsheisalittlenervous.听下面一段对话，从每道题后面所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案W:Pleasetakemetotheairportasquicklyaspossible.M:OK!IwilldriveasfastasIcan.Whenisyourflight?W:At9:30.M:Don’tworry.Ittakesabouthalfanhourtogettherefromhere.Wewillbethereat8:30.W:Oh,thankyou.Ihavebeenfeelingalittlenervous.M:Isthisthefirsttimeyouaretravelingbyair?W:Yes,andthisisthefirsttimeformetogoaboard.M:Nowonderyoulookalittlenervous.Areyougoingalone?W:No,fiveotherteacherswillgowithme.

Hello,everyone！ThisisRadioStation.TodayisSaturday,May6th.TherewasacaraccidenthappeningthismorninginZhuqueAve.Awomandrovetoofastandhitabuilding.NowletthewitnessMr.Wangtelluswhathappenedindetail.“Itwasabouteleveno’clockinthemorning.Iwasonmywaytotheoffice,andIwaswalkingontheroad.SuddenlyIsawacarcomingveryfast.Whentheredlightwason,thedriverwantedtostopbutshecouldnot.Apolicecarcamesoon.Apolicemanhelpedthedriveroutofthecar,andtookhertohospital.Anotherpolicemanwentuptomeandaskedmeabouttheaccident.”Mr.Wangsaid.Wehopethedriverwillbebettersoonandbemorecarefulwhendrivinginthefuture.Pleaseremember:Safetymustcomefirst!Thankyouforlistening.听短文，选答案：

hadacaraccidentonZhuqueRoad.A.AmanB.AwomanC.Mr.Wang2.WherewasMr.Wanggoingwhentheaccidenthappened?Hewasgoingtothehospital.Hewasonhiswaytotheoffice.C.HewasgoingtoXi’anTrafficRadioStation.3.Whycouldn’tthedriverstophercar?A.Theroadwasicy.B.Therewassomethingwrongwithhercar.C.Shedrovetoofast.4.WhatdidMr.Wangdowhenhesawtheaccident?A.Hecalledthepolice.B.Hecalledanambulance.C.Hehelpedthedriveroutofthecar.听力主要考查学生对口头语言材料的理解能力以及从口头语言材料中获取信息的能力。要求学生能理解主旨与大意，获取事实性的具体信息，对说话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能做出简单的推断，理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。因此，平时的语言教学与测试必须尽可能使用贴近学生实际生活、学习的材料，并力争切合社会热点话题。单项选择：1.---_____isitfromheretothesupermarket?---Abouttwentyminute’swalk.A.HowlongB.HowfarC.HowmuchD.Howsoon2.---____istheweathertoday?---It’shot.Andtheradiosaysit’llbemuch____tomorrow.A.How,hoterB.Whathotter

C.How,hotterD.What,hoter3.WaterParkisagoodplace____.

A.tohavefunB.havefunC.havingfunD.tohavingfun4.Ididn’tsleepwelllastnightbecausetherewastoomuch____ontheroad.A.bicycleB.accident

C.trafficD.car5.Hediedinanaccident_____severalyears.A.accidentB.event

C.byaccidentD.happening

语言知识属于考查各项基础知识的传统题型，此题内容涉及语法、词汇、惯用法、句型、口语功能等方面，考察学生语法基础知识的运用能力。此题灵活，覆盖面广，而且单纯的语法题近年来呈减少趋势，特定语境下的语法与词法考查则越来越多。此题型主要考核语言在语境中的运用，答题时如果忽视语境，就很容易答错，这就要求学生能对句子进行正确分析，对基础语法进行灵活运用。完形填空MrWhiteworksinanoffice.Helikedreadinginbedwhenhewasatschool.Itwasbadforhis

1andnowhehasnearsight(近视).Buthewouldn’twant

2toknowaboutitandheneverwearsapairofglasses.Itoften

3

himsometrouble.

Onewintermorninghewassenttoavillageschoolonbusiness(出差).He

4abusatastopinasmalltown.Thenhehadtowalkthere.Theroadtothevillagewasn’tsmooth(平坦).Hefelloversometimesandit

5

hisclothesdirty.

6

hegottothevillage.Suddenlyitbegantoblowanditgotcolder.Hewaslookingfortheschoolwhilehis

7

wasblownoff.Hebegantorunafteritbuthecouldn’tgetit.Hecouldn’tunderstandwhyhishatranintoahouseasif(似乎)ithad

8

.Andheranintothehouse,

9

.

Awomanstoppedhimandshoutedangrily,“

10

areyourunningaftermyhen(母鸡)for?”

1.A.ears

B.nose

C.mouth

D.eyes2.A.anybodyelse

B.nobody

C.woman

D.somebody3.A.follows

B.takes

C.brings

D.carries4.A.tookoff

B.gotoff

C.goton

D.cameon5.A.let

B.made

C.gave

D.felt6.A.Atfirst

B.Athome

C.Attimes

D.Atlast7.A.clothes

B.bag

C.hat

D.glasses8.A.legs

B.hands

C.shoes

D.arms9.A.always

B.also

C.either

D.too10.A.What

B.Why

C.Which

D.Who

完形填空主要考查学生的阅读理解能力和综合语言运用能力。重点考查学生运用适当的词语重建文意的能力，对词语的涵义、用法及搭配的考查体现在文章的意境中。要求学生从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理。完形填空主要考查以下几个方面的知识与技能：（1）对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力；（2）对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力；（3）对习惯用法和常用搭配的掌握程度；（4）根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力;阅读下面短文，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。

Everybodytalksabouttheweather,butnobodydoesanythingaboutit.Itistrue.Peopleusuallybegintheirtalkswith"Isn'titaniceday?""Doyouthinkitwillrain?""Whatafineday!"etc.Manypeoplethinktheycantellwhattheweatherisgoingtobelike.Buttheyhardlyagreewitheachother.Onemanmaysay,"Doyouseehowcloudyitisintheeast?It'sgoingtoraintomorrow."Anothermanwillsay,"No,it'sgoingtobefinetomorrow."

Peopleoftenlookfortheweathertheywant.Whenafarmerneedswater,helooksforsomethingtotellhimit'sgoingtorain;hewon'tbelieveanythingelse.Whenfriendshaveatravel,theyaresuretheweatherisgoingtoclearupveryquickly.Almosteveryonelistenstowhattheweathermansays.Buthedoesn'talwaystelluswhatwewant,andonceinawhilehemakesamistake.Still,heprobablycomesclosertobeingcorrectthananyoneelse.1."Nobodydoessomethingabouttheweather"means____.A.nobodycanmakeweatherB.nobodycanchangeweatherC.nobodycantalkaboutweatherD.nobodylikesweather2.____isacommonwaytostartatalk.A.TalkingaboutweatherB.KeepingsilentC.Askingeachother'snamesD.Smile阅读下面短文，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。3.Manypeoplehopetheweatherwillbe____.fineB.rainyC.cloudyD.likewhattheyliketobe4.Aweathermanprobablyisamanwho____.A.reportsweatherB.canseeweatherC.canchangeweatherD.ismadeofweather5.Whenitiscloudyintheeast,youknowthat____tomorrow.A.itisgoingtorain

B.itwillbefine

C.itwillbestillcloudyD.AorBorC阅读理解着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁的书面语言材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。近年来，陕西英语试题不但题材、体裁颇为丰富，所选用的短文也更加贴近学生的生活实际、生活经验，有较强的时代感和教育性。阅读理解所设问题既有语言表层理解的考查，又有对归纳、分析、判断、推测等能力的考查，侧重对语篇的整体理解。完成句子：

1.如果这个星期天不下雨，他们将去长城。

TheywillgototheGreatWallifit____thisSunny.2.这周末是否出去玩还得看天气如何。

Weatherwewillplayoutofdoors___theweather.3.在马路上保持安全是每个人的职责。

It’sourdutyto____ontheroad.4.去年我们度过了一个精彩的夏令营，大家都玩得很愉快。Wehadawonderful____lastyearandenjoyedthemselvesverymuch.完成句子要求考生有较精确的语言素养，考查考生对词义的理解、词汇的拼写、词性的选择和运用，以及固定搭配、句子的类型结构、句子的时态等方面的能力。这个题在一定程度上提高了对学生的综合语言运用能力的考查力度。短文填空：

I’mCathyBrown.IamnowworkingfortheSunshineTravelServiceinFuzhou,Fujian.IhavejustcomebackfromTaiwan,thelargestislandof

1

.

Lastweek,Itookagroupofofficialsforaweek’striptoTaiwan.We

2

allaroundtheisland.Therearelotsoffascinating

3

ontheisland.MyfavoriteistheSunMoonLake.Youmayask

4

peoplecallitso.Ifyou

5

highupoverthelakeandlookdownfromyourplane,you’llfindtheansweryourself.Inthe

moonsideChinavisittravelflyhavesightwhythatmiddleofthislake,there’sasmallisland

6

iscalledLalu.Onone

7

ofLaluthelakelookslikethesun,andontheothersideitlookslikethe

8

.ThatiswhypeoplecallittheSunMoonLake.

Therearemanymountainsaroundthislake.OneofthenearestisMountAli.Westayedthereforthreedays.Wealso

9

adancingpartywithGaoshanpeoplethere.

Whynotconsider

10

Taiwanforyournextvacation?It’sawonderfulplacetovisit.短文填空可以说是整套试卷中综合性最强、难度最大的题型。它主要考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力以及对词汇或短语在语篇中的运用能力。学生必须在读懂文章，把握文章脉络的基础上用所给词的适当形式来填空，使短文意思连贯，语法正确。用所给词的正确形式填空和阅读短文，复述文章大意等训练方式均可对学生的能力提高产生积极影响。任务型阅读

Havingafewdaysoffalwayssoundssogreat.Everyoneneedsavacation.AndsodoesUSPresident.USPresidentBarackObamawentonholidaywithhisfamilyinwinterin2011.Wheredidtheygoanddidthefirstfamilyhavefun?NowObamaistryingtosharehisexperiencewithus.Let’slistentohim.“WetravelledtoHonoluluHawaiiinDecember2011forChristmas.Ofcoursewewenttherebyair.Wespent17daysthere.Hawaiiismyhometown.Wehadawonderfultimethere.Thiswasoneofthesweetestvacationsinmylife.MywifeMichelleandIvisitedUSMarinesandtheirfamiliesinHawaiionChristmasDay.Ievenheldtheeight-month-oldbabyofacaptaininmyarms.IalsospentpartofChristmasEveplayinggolfwithmyoldfriendsfromHawaiiandsomeWhiteHousestaff.IwenttoHanaumaBayNatureParkwithmytwodaughters.That’sourfavouriteplace.Wedivedthereandsetfourseaturtlesfree.Weallhadagoodtime.Andbothmydaughterssaidthattheywantedtogothereforasecondtimelater.”根据短文的内容，回答下列问题：1.WheredidUSpresidentgoonholidayinwinterin2011?Hewentto________.2.Whodidhegotherewith?Hewenttherewithhis____________.3.Whatdidthepresidentthinkofhisholiday?Hethoughtthatit___________.4.WhatdidthefamilydoinHanaumaBayNaturePark?They______________.5.Howmanytimeshavetheybeentherebefore?Theyhavebeenthere_________.

任务型阅读旨在考查学生通过阅读获取信息并进行信息整合与转换的能力。有时候可以直接从文章中得出答案，有时候需要对文章彻底理解并重新加工整合才能得出答案，对学生的概括能力要求较高。因此，相应的练习与总结指导应贯穿总复习的始末。补全对话：A:Hi,Tony!Whatareyoudoinghere?B:Hi,Judy!I’mreadingabouttrave