山西省忻州市诚信高级中学校2021-2022学年高三英语下学期期末试题含解析

山西省忻州市诚信高级中学校2021-2022学年高三英语下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.__________amongthecrowdbyBen,Lindawaswearingabrightblueshirtinparticular.

A.Recognized B.Toberecognized C.Torecognize D.Havingbeenrecognized参考答案：B略2.Weshouldgivethedisabledencouragementtolive_____aswedo． A．asarichandfalllife

B．asrichandfallalife C．soarichandfalllife

D．sorichandfallalife参考答案：B3.Someofusfailtolearnthatpainisthebody’swayofinformingthemind______wearedoingsomethingwrong,notnecessarily______somethingiswrong.A.that,what

B.that,that

C.what,that

D.what,what参考答案：B4.-----MustIgothererightnow?

-----No,you_____.You____gotherebeforesupper.A

mustn’t,need

B.needn’t,may

C.can’t,need

D.won’t,can参考答案：B5.—______！Thereisgarbageeverywhereoverthefloor!—I'mreallysorryforthat.A．Whatacleanroom

B．Howclean

C．Whatamess

D．Howupset参考答案：C由“Thereisgarbageeverywhereoverthefloor！”可知房间凌乱不堪，故选C项。6.Thenumberofpeopleintheworld________about6billionandlargequantitiesofwaste________eachyear.A．totals;hasbeenproducedB．totals;isproducedC．totals;areproducedD．total;arebeingproduced参考答案：C考查主谓一致。当主语为thenumberof＋复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以先排除D项。而quantitiesof之后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词一律用复数形式，所以排除A、B两项。从eachyear可看出用一般现在时，所以选C项。7.Thetourguideremindedpeopletobecarefulwhen______offtheboat． A．stepping

B．stepped

C．tostep

D．step参考答案：A8.Itis______histremendousenthusiasmanddevotionthattheoldteacherisrespectedbyallhisstudents.A.onaccountof

B.withregardto

C.intermsof

D.inreferenceto参考答案：A试题分析：考查介词短语。句意:这个老教师极大的热情和奉献精神使他赢得了他所有学生的尊重。onaccountof"由于,因为";withregardto"至于,关于";intermsof"就……而言";inreferenceto"关于,至于"。根据句意可知,应选A项。9.

______seemstobenopossibilitythatthestudentmajoringinliberal-artscanwinthefirstprizeinthe100-meterrace.

A.What

B.There

C.That

D.Whether参考答案：B10.---ShespeaksSpanishbecauseshelivedinSpain.---Really?Howlong____there?A.doesshelive

B.didshelive

C.hasshelived

D.issheliving参考答案：B11.

youreadtheinstructionsclosely,youwouldknowwhatI

.A．Had,was

B．Should,am

C．Had,am

D．If,was参考答案：C解析：句意：如果你仔细阅读了说明，你就会知道我现在指的是什么了。根据句意可知条件状语从句与过去的事实相反，在条件状语从句中，若if省略，需将should/had/were提前。主句中“我现在指的是什么”是客观事实，故用am。故选C。12.Isthisresearchcentre_____isfullofmodernequipmentyoualwaysmention.

A.where

B.that

C.theonethat

D.theonewhere参考答案：C13.Don'tloseheart.Youshouldbelievetheharderyoustudy,____________.A.moreprogressyouwillmake

B.themoreprogressyouwillmakeC.themoreyouwillmakeprogress

D.youwillmakethemoreprogress参考答案：B略14._____,everyonepresentwasamusedbyhisadventurestoryinAfrica.

A.Absurdasmightitsound

B.Asitmightsoundabsurd

C.Asabsurditmightsound

D.Absurdasitmightsound参考答案：D略15.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying______word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak_____

silenceA.the;a

B.a;the

C.a;不填

D.the;不填参考答案：B27.Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguide

themountainclimberwasrescued.A.who

B.that

C.when

D.how参考答案：B二、填空17.Ahh…Fish,chipsandsoftpeas!Thereisnothing____41____(much)Britishthanfishandchips.Freshlycookedfishandchips,coveredinsalt,wrappedinnewspaperand____42____(eat)outofdoorsonacoldday,____43____(simple)cannotbebeaten!Sohow,whenandwheredidthistypicallyBritishdishcomeabout?Thepotato___44___(think)tohavebeenbroughttoEnglandfromtheNewWorldinthe17thcentury____45____SirWalterRaleighalthoughitisbelievedthattheFrenchinventedthefriedpotatochip.BothLancashireandLondonclaimtobethefirst____46____(invent)thisfamousmeal.In1838,CharlesDickens____47____(refer)to“friedfishwarehouses(仓库)”in____48____novelOliverTwist.Ordinarypeoplesoondecidedthatputtingfriedfishandchipstogetherwasaverytasty____49____(combine)andsowasbornthedishoffishandchips!ThefirstfishandchipshopintheNorthofEnglandwasfoundedinMossleyaround1863.Mr.Leessoldfishandchipsfromawoodenhouseinthemarketandlaterhemovedthebusinesstoashopacrosstheroad___50___hadthefollowingwordsonthewindow,“Thisisthefirstfishandchipshopintheworld.”参考答案：41.more

42.eaten

43.simply

44.isthought

45.by

46.toinvent

47.referred

48.his/the

49.combination

50.that/which这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式美食炸鱼和炸土豆条的诞生过程。【41题详解】考查比较级。句意：没有什么比炸鱼和薯条更英式的了。根据than，可知这里用比较级，所以填more。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。eat的逻辑主语是fishandchips，它们之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，所以填eaten。【43题详解】考查副词。该空修饰整个句子，用副词，所以填simply。【44题详解】考查时态和语态。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，“土豆”和“认为”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填isthought。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：土豆被认为是17世纪由沃尔特·罗利爵士从新大陆带到英国的。文中表示“被…”，所以填by。【46题详解】考查不定式。修饰序数词，用不定式作定语，所以填toinvent。【47题详解】考查时态。根据时间状语In1838，可知是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填referred。【48题详解】考查代词/冠词。句意：1838年，查尔斯·狄更斯在他的/这部小说《雾都孤儿》中提到“炸鱼仓库”。文中表示“他的/这部小说《雾都孤儿》”，所以填his/the。【49题详解】考查名词。句意：普通人很快就决定把炸鱼和炸土豆条放在一起是一种非常美味的组合，于是炸鱼和炸土豆条就这样诞生了!前面有冠词，故该空需要填名词，所以填combination。【50题详解】考查定语从句。___10___hadthefollowingwordsonthewindow是一个定语从句，先行词是ashop，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以填that/which。18.Intheageofthesmartphone,thereseemsnoreasontoaskquestionsabout:theweatherforecast,abusiness’sphonenumberordirections,___41____canallbeeasilyfoundonGoogle,butveryoftenpeople___42____(actual)askthesethingsbytelephoning.Youranswermay___43____(reply)towithathank-youe-mail.Thisisn’tthefirsttimethatgreatchanges___44____(take)placeinourmannersduetotechnology.In

___45____late1870s,whenthetelephonewasinvented,peopledidn’tknowhow___46____(greet)acaller.Oftenthereisjustsilence.AlexanderGrahamBell,theinventor,suggestedthatpeoplesay“Ahoy”,___47____finally“Hello”wentout,thegreetingisnowusedineverydayface-to-facecommunications.Trytobe___48____(respect)nomatterwhoyoucommunicate___49____.Justkeepitinmindthat

___50____(polite)nevergoesoutoffashion.参考答案：41.which

42.actually

43.bereplied

44.havetaken

45.the

46.togreet

47.but

48.respectful

49.with

50.politeness【名师点睛】“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的用法归纳

一．由两部分构成：疑问词和动词不定式（wh-+to

do）。疑问词部分包括疑问代词who,

whom,

what,

which和whose以及疑问副词when,

where和how。此外，连接词“whether”也适用.它

主要具有以下几种功能：

⑴当主语，如：

●

When

to

hold

the

meeting

has

not

yet

been

decided.

●

Where

to

live

is

a

problem.

⑵当宾语，常接在forget,

find

out,

discuss,

decide,

tell,

teach,

know,

learn,

wonder,

remember等动词之后作宾语如：

●

We

must

know

what

to

say

at

a

meeting.

●

He

could

not

tell

whom

to

trust.

●

Do

you

know

how

to

play

bridge?

⑶当表语，如：

●

The

problem

is

where

to

find

the

financial

aid.

●

The

question

is

who

to

elect.

⑷当名词同位语，如：

●

Tom

had

no

idea

which

book

to

read

first.

●

The

question

whether

to

confess

troubled

the

girl.

⑸用于宾语补足语,双重宾语。某些动词后可接“sb.+

疑问词

+

不定式”构成的双重宾语，这类动词常用的有advise,

ask,

show,

teach,

tell等。如：

●

I

can

tell

you

where

to

get

this

book.

●

I

ask

her

how

to

learn

English.

●

He

will

advise

you

what

to

do.

●

Will

you

show

me

how

to

use

the

machine?

(6)

作介词宾语：某些介词后面可接"疑问词＋不定式"作宾语，这类介词常用的有

about,

as,

from,

in,

of,

on,

with等。例如：

He

has

no

idea

of

how

to

answer

this

question.

他不知道怎样回答这个问题。

Della

had

only

$1.87

with

which

to

buy

Jim

a

present.

德拉仅有$1.87为来吉姆买一件礼物。(which是关系代词)

.Com]

You

have

a

number

of

topics

from

which

to

choose.

你有很多题目可以选择。(which是关系代词)

二“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构可以把复合句转为简单句。

如：

I

don’t

know

what

I’ll

do

next.

=

I

don’t

know

what

to

do

next.

The

doctor

told

him

when

he

should

take

the

medicine.

=

The

doctor

told

him

when

to

take

the

medicine.

同样，因为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构相当于一个名词性从句，所以可用同等成分的从句代替，从而把简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当的形式的谓语即可。如：

Which

to

choose

is

important.

=

Which

we

should

choose

is

important.

The

question

is

where

to

go.

=

The

question

is

where

we

should

go.

三、“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构可构成独立问句。如：

What

to

do?

怎么办？

How

to

get

rid

of

the

trouble?

如何摆脱困境？

按照英语语法的习惯，疑问副词why

后不直接跟动词不定式，如：

误：I

don’t

know

why

to

choose

that

dictionary.

正：I

don’t

know

why

you

must

choose

that

dictionary.

但它可以接不带to的动词不定式，即动词原形，构成why

do

sth./

why

not

do

sth.

肯定形式是表示某动作是不必要的或没有意义的，而否定形式是表示向某人提建议和表达看法，相当于祈使句。

Today

is

Sunday.

Why

not

go

out

to

relax

yourself?

Why

pay

more

at

other

shops?

We

have

the

best

value.三、阅读理解19.Inbusiness，there'saspeeddifference：It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirm'sleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitivestrategyandhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves．Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize．Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed．Inourstudyof343businesses，thecompaniesthatchosetogo，go，gototrytogainanedgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack．What'smore，thefirmsthat"sloweddowntospeedup"improvedtheirtopandbottomlines，averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree﹣﹣yearperiod．Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics，takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter？Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat"slower"and"faster"mean．Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationalspeed（movingquickly）andstrategicspeed（reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue）．Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction，forexample，maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference．Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime，intheformoflower﹣﹣qualityproductsandservices．Inourstudy，higher﹣﹣﹣companieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary．Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion．Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking．Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn．Bycontrast，performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime，paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency，stucktotestedmethods，didn'tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees，andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges．Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership．Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright，ratherthanploughaheadfullbore，aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals．Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop．41．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"gainanedge"inParagraph2mean？

A．Getanadvantage

B．IncreasethespeedC．Reachthelimit．D．Setagoal．42．Theunderlinedpart"thelawsofbusinessphysics"inParagraph3means

．A．spendingmoretimeandperformingworseB．spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC．spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD．spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter43．Whatcanwelearnfromthe