中考英语语法 时态和语态

中考语法时态和语态时态｛｛8种时态标志特殊用法一般现在1）经常性和习惯性的动作或存在状态2）表示现在的情况或状态及永恒的真理注意：主语是第三人称单数（he,she,it,Tom,myteacher…）表示频度的副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly,everyweek,onceamonth….在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果主句含有将来时、情态动词，或者是祈使句，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。2）在宾语从句中，当从句表示客观真理或普遍规律时，无论主句是过去还是现在的时态，从句都用一般现在时态。3）begin,come,go,leave,start,stop,arrive,return,open,close等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划，规定将要发生的动作时态｛｛8种时态标志特殊用法一般现在1）经常性和习惯性的动作或存在状态2）表示现在的情况或状态及永恒的真理注意：主语是第三人称单数（he,she,it,Tom,myteacher…）动词现在时第三人称类型变化规则例子一般情况在词尾加-stake-takeslisten-listens以-s,-x,-o-sh,-ch,结尾在词尾加-esgo-goeswash-washes以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-estry-triesstudy-studies特殊情况不规则变化have-has时态｛｛｛｛8种时态标志特殊用法一般过去时过去时间发生的事情，存在的状态或反复发生的动作。结构：was/were+表语therewas/were实义动词+动词过去式1）yesterday…..;

2）lastweek…..3）twodaysago,4）justnow=amomentago刚才;5）thismorning6）in1980过去式的构成方法类型规则例子一般情况在词尾加-edclimb-climbedplant-planted以–e结尾在词尾加-dlive-liveddie-died以“辅音字母+y结尾”改y为i再加-edstudy-studiedfry-fried以重读闭音节，末尾一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstop-stoppedadmit-admitted不规则变化put-puttake-took时态｛｛｛｛8种时态标志特殊用法现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作句式结构：主语+is/am/are+现在分词常用时态标志：1）Listen,Look….2）now,atthistime,thesedays;表示位置移动的词go,come,leave,arrive表示交通方式的词walk,drive,fly常用进行时表示将来时。现在分词的结构类型变化规则例子一般情况直接加-inggo-goinghelp-helping以不发音的e结尾去e加-ingleave-leavingwrite-writing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ingrun-runningstop-stopping以ie结尾改ie为y再加-ingdie-dyinglie-lying时态｛｛｛｛8种时态标志特殊用法过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。结构：was/were+现在分词（doing）then,atthattime,atfiveyesterday

from2to3yesterdaywhen,while引导的时间状语从句一般将来时1）表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态2）结构will/shall+动词原形begoingto+动词原形现在进行时表将来tomorrow,nextweek…,inthefuture,soon,howsoon,in10days,in2020begoingto+V原形，常用来表示计划，打算做某事过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即“从过去看将来”结构would+动词原形was/weregoingto+动词原形常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中ItoldhimIwouldfinishthatprojectthenextday.时态｛｛｛｛8种时态标志特殊用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。还表示动作从过去某时间开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去。结构：主语+have/has+过去分词1）already（肯定句）yet

（否定句，疑问句）2）ever,never;3）just,before,sofar;recently4）since+一般过去时since1990,sincetwoyearsago;=fortwoyears;5）inthepastfewyears1）have/hasgoneto去了某地（不在说话的地方）have/hasbeento去过（强调次数）have/hasbeenin在某地（强调一段时间）2）瞬间性动词要转换成延续性动词for+段时间since+一段时间+ago/

一般过去时Howlong…..buy→haveborrow→keepdie→bedeadleave→beawayfromcomehere→behere时态｛｛｛｛8种时态标志特殊用法过去完成时表示到过去某时间为止或在过去某时间之前已经发生或者完成的动作，即“过去的过去”结构:主语+had+过去分词By/before+过去的时间构成的介词短语e.gbytheendoflastyearbefore,when引导的一般过去时的从句过去的动作之前whenIgottothestationbeforeIwentout,过去的时间之前，by

lastmonth,bytheendoflastmonth（一）一般现在时1.Tom______toschoolbybikeeveryday.（go）2.They______（go）toschoolonfoot3.否定句→He_________toschoolbybikeeveryday.4.否定句→They___________toschoolonfoot5.一般疑问句→______he______toschoolbybikeeveryday?6.一般疑问句→

they

toschoolonfoot?goesgodoesn’tgodon’tgoDoesgogoDo考点自测一考点一:动词三单的变化规则1.直接在动词后面加-s

look-lookslike-likes2.以s,x,ch,sh

结尾的词语后面加-es

brush–brusheswatches3.以y结尾的词语，变y为i

加-es

fly-fliescarry-carries4.不规则变化 have-has时态：1.Theteachersaidthesun________（rise）intheeastand_______（set）inthewest.2.Ifit__________________（notrain）tomorrow,we’llgothepark.3.Iwilltellhimassoonashe__________（come）back.risessetsdoesn’traincomes（二）一般过去时1.Tom_____________（clean）theclassroomyesterday.2.否定句→Tom___________________theclassroomyesterday3.一般疑问句→____Tom________theclassroomyesterday?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考点一：动词过去式的变化规则1.直接在动词后面加-ed

want-wantedlook-looked2.以e结尾的在动词后面直接加-d

like-liked

3.重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母加-ed

stop-stopped 4.以y结尾的变y为i

加ed

carry-carriedcleaneddidn’tcleanDidcleanYeshedid.Nohedidn’t（二）一般过去时考点二：usedtodosth过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯或动作。be/become/getusedto+doing,习惯于做……”

1.国王过去常常住在城堡里。

ThekingsusedtoliveinthecastleinFrance.2.我爷爷习惯于住在乡下。

Mygrandpaisusedtolivinginthecountryside.考点三：“Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时”，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句可用itis来代替Ithasbeen1.自从我来到深圳已经10年了。

Itis10yearssinceI__________________Shenzhen.cameto（三）现在进行时1.He___________hishomeworknow.（do）2.否定句→He_____________hishomeworknow.3.一般疑问句→____he________hishomeworknow?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.isdoingisn’tdoingIsdoingYesheisNoheisn’t（三）现在进行时1.直接在动词后面加-ing

do-doingski-skiing2.以不发音e结尾的单词，去掉e再加-ing

write-writing

ride-riding3.重读闭音节单词，双写最后一个字母再加-ing

shop-shoppingswim-swimming考点一：动词现在分词变化规则1.I___________________（come）.我就来了。

Iamcoming考点二：现在进行时可以表示将来。（常用词come,go,leave.start,move,…）Iamcoming（四）过去进行时1.He

hishomeworkat8yesterday.2.否定句→He

hishomeworkat8yesterday.3.一般疑问句→

he

hishomeworkat8yesterday?4.肯定回答→

,

.5.否定回答→

,

.wasdoingwasn’tdoingWasdoingYeshewasNohewasn’t（四）过去进行时1.当老师进来的时候，我们在读书。We__________________whentheteachercamein.考点一：过去进行时+when+一般过去时,

妈妈在做饭时，我在看电视。Whilemum_____________,Iwas___________TV.考点二：过去进行时+while+过去进行时werereadingbookswascookingwatching（五）一般将来时1.He____________________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.2.否定句→He____________________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.3.一般疑问句→_______he___________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.willmakewillmakeWillmakeYeshewillNohewon’t（五）一般将来时1.用用你的大脑，你将会找到办法。Useyourhead,andyou__________（find）away.考点一：祈使句+and/or+句子，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语可用一般将来时。1.Openthewindow,

?2.Let’sgotothezoo,

?考点二：祈使句+反意疑问句部分（willyou）1.将有场运动会。

There_________________________asportsmeeting.考点三：begoingto+动词原形，表示打算做某事或可能要发生某事。willfindwillyouisgoingtobewillyou（六）过去将来时1.Hesaidhe_______________（come）toseeme.2.Iwastoldthathe____________________（return）home.wouldcomewouldreturn1.He________________（finish）fortendays.2.否定句→He_____________（finish）fortendays.3.一般疑问句→____he________（finish）fortendays?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考点一：现在完成时+for+时间段/since+时间点1.I_____________（live）inShenzhenfortwoyears./since2yearsago.（七）现在完成时hasfinishedHashasfinishedfinishedYeshehasNohehasn’thavelived（七）现在完成时1.---WhereisLily？---She_______________toBeijing.2.I____________________toBeijingtwice.3.Myparents___________________Shenzhensince1999.考点二：hasgoneto/hasbeento/havebeenin的区别1.Shenzhen_____________alotinthepast50years.（change）考点三：现在完成时+表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语，如：inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/dayshasgonetohavebeentohavebeeninhaschanged（七）现在完成时1.这是我第一次参观中国。ThisismyfirsttimethatI________________（visit）China.2.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI_______ever________（see）.3.那是他写的唯一的书。Thatistheonlybookthathe_______________（write）.考点四：表示“第几次做某事”或在“Itisthebest（worst,mostinteresting）+名词+that”后面跟现在完成时。

havevisitedhaveseenhaswritten（七）现在完成时1.die-______________ 2.borrow-______________ 3.buy-______________4.open-_____

5.close-____________6.begin-______________ 7.leave-__________（from）8.join-______________9.marry-_____________10.go-____________11.return-_____________ 12.他已经买了那本书。He_____________________thebook.13.他买了那本书已经三天了He____________________thebookfor3days.考点五：延续性动词和瞬间动词的转换。beendeadkepthadbeopenbeenclosedbeenonbeenawaybeenamemberofbeenmarriedbeenawaybeenback1.Tom_____________theworkwhentheycameback.（finish）2.否定句→Tom_____________theworkwhentheycameback.3.一般疑问句→____Tom________theworkwhentheycameback?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考点一：过去完成时+bytheendof+过去时间1.We___________200bridgesbytheendof2000.（build）2.Bythetimehewas14,he_________（set）upasmallcompanyofhisown.（八）过去完成时hadfinishedhadn’tfinishedHadfinishedYeshehadNohehadn’thadbuilthadset（八）过去完成时1.We________________thehomeworkwhentheteachercameback.（finish）2.WhenIgottothecheckout,IrealizedthatI________（leave）mypurseathome.考点二：过去完成时+when+一般过去时1.Hesaidhe___________________thefilm.（see）2.Shetoldmeshe_________（beill）recently.3.Hesaidhe___________（know）nothingaboutheruntilthen.考点三：用于宾语从句中hadfinishedhadlefthadseenhadbeenillhadknown语态1、不知道或者没有必要提到动作的执行者：Someexpensivewatcheswerestolenlastnight.

昨晚一些昂贵的手表被盗了。2、需要强调和突出动作的承受者：Englishisspokenwidelyintheworld.

英语在世界上广泛地使用。3、句子的主语是动作的承受者：Muchsoilwaswashedawaybytheheavyrain.

大量泥土被大雨冲走。4、说话或者发表意见，为了显得公正客观，也常用以下结构：Itissaidthat…

据说……Itishopedthat…

希望……Itisbelievedthat…

据信……Itisreportedthat…

据报道……被动语态的用法：各种时态的主动被动语态一览表时态主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesis/am/are+doneIclosethedoor.Thedoorisclosed一般过去时didwas/were+dongTimmadethepaperbag.ThepaperbagwasmadebyTim.一般将来时will/shall+dowill/shall+bedoneTheywillbuildanewlibraryinourschool.Thenewlibrarywillbebuiltinourschool.现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdoneTheyarecleaningtheroom.Theroomisbeingcleanedbythem.各种时态的主动被动语态一览表时态主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendoneIhaven'tfoundmypurse.Mypursehasn’tbeenfound.过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+beingdoneKimwasrepairingthebicycle.ThebicyclewasbeingrepairedbyKim.过去完成时had+donehad+beendoneTheyhadwrittentwobooksbytheendoflastmonth.Twobookshadbeenwrittenbytheendoflastmonth.过去将来时would/should+dowould/should+bedoneHesaidtheywouldholdaparty.Hesaidapartywouldbeheld.含情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedoneWecanfinishthisproject.Thisprojectcanbefinishedbyus.语态考点一happen/takeplace无被动语态（√，×）被动语态。如：sound,seem,smell,taste,look,feel…sell,suit,wash,wear,write…Thesong

sounds