山西省忻州市原平大林乡联合校高一英语期末试卷含解析

山西省忻州市原平大林乡联合校高一英语期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Iffarminggoes________nature,allkindsofdisastersaretheresults.

A.against

B.for

C.with

D.to参考答案：A略2.Plantsneedwaterandsunlighttogrowwell._____,ahealthybodyrequiresabalanceddiet.

A.Formally

B.Generally

C.Similarly

D.Scientifically参考答案：C3.Justinkickedtheballintohisowngoal.Itwas______hisstupidity_______wewonthegame.A.thanksto;that

B.thanksfor;that

C.thanksto;which

D.thanksfor;which参考答案：A4.Ihaven’treadanyofthesebooksbefore,but_____fromtheoneIhavejustread,Ithinkheisaverypromisingwriter.A．judged

B.judgingC.determined

D.determining参考答案：B5.Hearingthenewsshe______.A.burstintolaughing

B.burstouttearsC.burstintolaughter

D.burstcrying参考答案：C6.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.A.willrain

B.rains

C.rained

D.israining参考答案：B7.语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出所给单词的正确读音，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。1.generate A.global B.equator C.ash D.forecast2.blood A.flood B.toothache C.cartoon D.neighbourhood3.income A.welcome B.coffin C.tropical D.govern4.thunderstorm A.feather B.strength C.breathe D.leather5.citizen A.crowded B.cliff C.carbon D.cemetery参考答案：8.

Itisapitythatnoneofthe______stopped______thepoormanlyingthere,begging.

A.passer-bys;tohelp

B.passers-by;helping

C.passer-bys;helping

D.passers-by;tohelp参考答案：D9.John'scarelessdrivingnearly______himhislife.A．cost

B．caused

C．took

D．lost参考答案：A10.Theroad

anditwillbefinishedbytheendofnextyear．A．isbuilt

B．isbeingbuilt

C．hasbeenbuilt

D．wasbuilt参考答案：B11.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.

A.Compare

B.Whencomparing

C.Comparing

D.Whencompared参考答案：D12.IhavepromisedtoattendyourpartyandI'll_____myword.A.keep

B.hold

C.follow

D.take参考答案：A略13.Areyou________ofthemistakesyoumadeinyourfinalEnglishtest?A.awared

B.unforgettable

C.awaring

D.aware参考答案：D14.TheexcitingdayalltheAmericanbasketballfanslookedforwardto____atlast.A.coming B.came

C.come D.becoming参考答案：B15.Howlongdoyouthink______theMicrosoftbringsoutanewproduct?A.itwillbebefore

B.willitbeuntil C.willitbewhen

D.itwillbethat参考答案：A16.—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow________？

—No，I'dratherbuy________inthebookstore.A.it；oneB.one；oneC.one；itD.it；it参考答案：a略17.Whenaskedwhattheywouldvolunteertodo,halfof

saidtheywerewillingtodosomethingtheycould.A.what B.which C.whom D.them参考答案：D18.LittleTomdidn’tget___hiscompositiontestbecausehewasnotabletoget___totheteacherwhathemeant.

A.through,across

B.over,across

C.across,through

D.through,over参考答案：A考察介词，getthrough通过；到达；做完；（电话）接通；getover克服；getacross(使)被理解。二、填空19.填空每空一词（共5小题，每小题1分,满分5分）76.我爷爷虽然八十多岁了，但仍然精力充沛。Althoughmygrandfatherisovereighty,heisstill_____________.77.Therearemany____________oftransportationforyoutochoosefrom,suchasplanes,trains.78.Ifyouwanttogetajob,youmayhavetogoforajob________________first.79.Thirty______________bysixisfive.80.Studentsshouldshow_______________forteachers.参考答案：76.energetic

77.means

78.interview

79.divided

80.respect111.We______________________(迫不及待)toseethem!(用hardly)112.We_______________________andthenweeat.(搭建帐篷)113.WangWeisoon___________________(让他们对…感兴趣)cyclingtoo.114._________________________(大学毕业以后)，wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.115.Sheinsistedthat________________(她组织这次旅行)properly.参考答案：111.canhardlywait112.putupourtents113.gottheminterestedin114.Aftergraduatingfromcollege

115.she(should)organizethetrip【学法指导】insist+that引导的宾语从句1）如果insist翻译为“坚持说某个事实”,即that从句表示已经发生的动作时,则宾语从句使用陈述语气,即从句该用什么时态就用什么时态,当然还要和主句时态保持呼应.如：Sheinsistedthatshewasright.Sheinsisted(that)shehadbeentoBeijingtheyearbefore.2）如果insist翻译为“坚持要求/坚持主张”,即that从句的动作当时尚未发生的话,则宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成,且should可以省略.如：Heinsistedthatshe(should)saysorrytohimfirst.三、阅读理解21.Friendshipscanbedifficult—becauseoftenpeoplearen'tashonestandopenastheyshouldbe.Sometimes,peoplefinallygethurt.Mostproblemswithfriendshipscomeupbecausepeoplearejusttooselfishtocareaboutthethingsthattheirfriendsneed.Theycareabouttheirownneedsmuchmore,whichmakesithardforfriendshipstowork.However,beingselfishispartofhumannature.Apersonisputtogetherinordertotakecareofthemselvesandtheirownneeds,notnecessarilythoseneedsofotherpeople.Eventhoughbeingselfishissomethingthatallhumansarebornwith,itissomethingthateveryoneshouldbeagainst.

Thebestthingtorememberwhenyouareafriendtoanyoneisthatyouneedtotreatyourfriendsthesamewaythatyou'dliketobetreated.Thisiswonderfuladviceforafriendship,becauseitisreallytheonlywaytomakesurethatyouaregivingyourfriendseverythingyouwouldwanttobegiveninafriendship.Wheneveryouhaveaquestionabouthowyoushouldtreatafriend,itiseasytofindananswersimplybyaskingyourselfwhatyouwouldlikeyourfriendtodoforyou,ifheorshewasinyourshoes.

Evenifyou'realwaysthinkingabouthowyou'dliketobetreated,andyourfriendsaretoo,thereareproblemsthatcomeupfromtimetotimeineachfriendship,anditisimportanttounderstandhowtodealwiththeseproblemssothatyoucanbuildstrongerandhealthierfriendships.Problemslikefriendsgettingboyfriendsorgirlfriendsandnotspendingenoughtimewiththeirfriends,orevenfriendsfindingnewfriendsandleavingoldfriendsbehindareproblemsthatwillprobablycomeupwithoneormoreofyourfriendships.Itisimportanttoknowhowtodealwiththesefriendproblemssothatyoucankeepyourfriendsandmakenewones.Noonewantstohaveabrokenfriendship.

25.Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A．theimportanceoffriendshipB．theadvantagesoffriendshipC．theproblemsoffriendshipD．thedisadvantagesoffriendship26.Accordingtothewriter,problemswithfriendshipmayappearwhen________.A．oneishonest B．oneisselfish C．oneisopen D．oneiskind27.Accordingtothepassage,thefirstandmostimportantthingtobeotherpeople'sfriendis________.A．totreatyourfriendasyouliketobeB．togiveyourfriendswhateveryouhaveC．nottohurtyourfriends'feelingsD．nottothinkofyourownneedanymore28.What'sthepurposeofunderstandinghowtodealwithfriendshipproblems?A．Tohaveacomfortablelife.B．Tobuildstrongerandhealthierfriendships.C．Tobetreatedthewayyouwant.D．Togetaboyfriendorgirlfriendmorequickly.参考答案：25-28.CBAB22.AsArtificialIntelligence（AI）becomesincreasinglysophisticated（先进的，尖端的）,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat（威胁）．Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotranslateourmorals（道德）intoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren．"Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,"saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenfacedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟声）,andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveismoral,andhowtocreateasetofethical（道德伦理的）rules．Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.8.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues？A.Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations．B.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior．C.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings．D.Byimitatingthebehaviorofproperlybrought-uphumanbeings．9.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation？A.Keepadistancefrompossibledangers．B.Doenoughtestingbeforetakingaction．C.Startitsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce．D.Stoptogetadvicefromahumanbeing10.Whatisthemostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode？A.Determinewhatismoralandethical．B.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments．C.Setrulesforman-machineinteraction．D.Developamoresophisticatedprogram．参考答案：8.B

9.D

10.A【分析】本文属于说明文。文章开篇提到人工智能（AI）未来潜在的危险是可以通过编程避免的，由此展开对于如何避免人工智能（AI）的潜在危险的论述。笔者借由专家的角度表示了人类在为人工智能输入指令、甚至情感和价值观的时候，需要慎重。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior”可知，机器人通过从人类行为的海量数