物流专业英语 第六章

Chapter6LogisticsInformationsystem物流信息系统LearningObjectivesTounderstandthefunctionsoflogistics

informationsystem(LIS);Tolearnaboutusageof

E-commerce/E-business电子商务Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)电子信息交换技术Bar-codingtechnologies条码技术POS-PointOfSale销售终端系统RFID电子标签、无线射频识别

PartI:

Logisticsinformationsystem

物流信息系统LISisefficienttomanagementwhiletheyaredeciding…Whereshouldthemostfrequentlyorderedpartsbelocatedinthewarehouse

客户下订单最多的零件应放置的位置Howshouldinventorybedeployedtooptimizesales

库存应如何部署才有利于销售Whichmotorcarriershouldbeselected

该选择哪个承运人PartI:

Logisticsinformationsystem

物流信息系统Whatkindoflogisticinformationcanbefound?Logisticsinformationis…企业内部：internallycoordinatedwithlogisticsdepartments<-->manufacturing<-->marketing<-->financial企业外部：Externally--Expandingtotheentiresupplychain

suppliers<-->manufacturers<-->distributors<-->customers(service)供应商顾客制造商合同制造商以供应商为导向的信息交换物流信息交换以客户为导向信息交换银行批发商/分销商零售商虚拟制造商物流服务提供者退回产品财务计划2.Relatedinformation

supplies/demand(order)information订单信息；customerservicerelatedinformation客户服务信息；inventorylevels库存信息；transportationinformation运输信息

3.DefiningtheLogisticsInformationSystemComprehensionQuestionsHowisLISdefinedinthetext?WhatarethetheretypesofLIS?HowcanLISassistlogisticsoperations?Whatadvancedtechnologiesareespeciallymentionedthatcancaptureandcommunicatelogistics-relatedinformation?ComprehensionQuestionsHowisLISdefinedinthetext?LIS（LogisticsInformationSystem）AnLIScanbedefinedas:

“people,equipment,andprocedures”usedtogather,sort,analyze,evaluate,anddistributeneeded,timelyandaccurateinformationtodecisionmakers.(为决策者)收集、挑选、分析、评估、分配所需的及时、准确的信息所使用的人、设备和程序。ComprehensionQuestions2.WhatarethetheretypesofLIS?Operational操作层面Tactical战术层面Strategic战略层面inputDecisionmakingFigure11.1representstheLISandtheinteractionsbetweenitssubsystems.TheLIShasfourprimarycomponents:orderprocessingsystem(订单处理系统),

businessresearchandintelligencesystem(BI,商业智能),

decisionsupportsystem(决策支持系统，e.g.forecasting),Reportsandoutputssystem(报告输出系统).

知识链接

Businessintelligence(BI)BIistheabilityofanorganizationtocollect,maintain,andorganizeknowledge.BeerandDiapers啤酒与尿布的故事---asuccessfulexampleSometimeago,Wal-Martdecidedtocombinethedatafromitsloyaltycardsystemwiththatfromitspointofsalesystems.TheformerprovidedWal-Martwithdemographicdataaboutitscustomers,thelattertolditwhere,whenandwhatthosecustomersbought.Acorrelationbetweenthemwasfound!Onecorrelationstoodoutunexpectedly—Beerwastheproductmostoftensoldwithdiapers.Ontopofthat,thesepurchasesweremademainlyonFridayafternoonsbymenbetweentheagesof25and35.BeerandDiapersThefacts…YoungAmericanmalesfrequentlyindulgeincarousingbehaviorwithfriendsonFridaynights.However,theyalsohavetheresponsibilitytotakecareofkids.Theymighthavetodrinkbeerathome.MostyoungAmericanmalesonlybuydiapersaftertheyhavefatheredoffspring.BeerandDiapersWhatdecisionwouldyoumakebasedonthefollowinginformationifyourwerethemanager?

Action:Afterseeingtheresultsofthedatamining,Wal-Martmovedthebeernexttothediapers.Beersaleswentup.ComprehensionQuestions2.HowcanLISassistlogisticsoperations?Someofthemorecommonlyimplementedsystemsareusedtosupporttransportationmanagement,warehousemanagement,andoperationsplanningandscheduling.

有些更常见的系统被用于交通和仓储的管理以及各种业务的计划和调度。ComprehensionQuestions3.Whatadvancedtechnologiesareespeciallymentionedthatcancaptureandcommunicatelogistics-relatedinformation?Advancedtechnologiesareusedforcapturingandcommunicatinglogistics-relateddata,suchasbar-coding,electronicdatainterchange(EDI)and,morerecently,radiofrequencyidentification(RFID).

条码、电子信息交换、以及最近出现的射频识别等先进技术被用来捕捉与物流有关的信息并用来进行物流信息交换。PartII:InformationtechnologiesandtoolsInternetE-CommerceandE-BusinessEDIPOSBarcodeRFID1.E-Commerceand

E-BusinessWhatisE-commerceandE-business?What’sthedifferencebetweenthesetwoconcepts?WhatbenefitscanECandEBoffer?

E-commerceisdescribedasamethodofbuyingandsellingproductsandserviceelectronically.以电子方式进行买卖的过程。E-business:e-businessismorethanjuste-commercewithamorestrategicfocus.上升到战略的层面。---E-businessisnotonlyjustaboutbuyingandselling,butalsoservicingcustomersandcollaboratingwithbusinesspartners.BenefitsWhencomparingwithtraditionaltransactionways…Cutcostandtransactiontime

节省成本和交易时间Promoteandsellproductaroundtheworld,aroundtheclock

随时随地商品交易Competegloballyagainstcompaniesofallsizes

无论规模大小，都可以进行全球竞争(TAOBAO)Streamlineexternalsupplychainmanagement简化整条供应链的管理2.EDIelectronicdatainterchange

电子数据交换

Traditionalwaystoexchangedata:

MailingandfaxingWhatisthedefinitionofEDI？anewwayforcompaniestotransmitbusinessdocumentelectronicallyinstandardizedelectronicforms企业将商业文件以标准化的电子文件进行传输的一种方式ThebasisofEDI---StandardUN/EDIFACT

手工环境下贸易单证的传递过程发送方企业

单证数据纸面单证纸面单证单证数据发送方数据库接收方数据库传真机邮局录入打印机PrintingMailingFaxingDataPaper-baseddocumentsInputsDatabaseDatabaseEDI条件下贸易单证传递方式发送方企业

接收方企业

发送方数据库单证数据WAN或InternetEDI软件EDI软件接收方数据库标准EDI报文标准EDI报文DatabaseDataEDIsoftwareTranslatedintostandardizedformatEDIsoftwareDatabaseEDIcanonlyworkifallthecompaniesinvolvedareusingthesamemethodsandthedocumentsusedbybothpartiesareinthesameformat!PAPERLESS无纸化SupplementaryreadingElectronicdatainterchangeinthePortofHamburgEDI应用于汉堡港ExplainthemeaningofthepicturetakenfromDakosy’sbrochure.DescribetheserviceDakosy’sEDIsystemoffers.Describethebenefitsifoffers.reducingthetime…faster…

speedandcostsaving!BenefitsofEDIReductionindocumentpreparationandprocessingtimeIncreasedbillingaccuracyLesscostDataintegrity

amorestream-linedbusinessprocess3.Bar-coding条形码技术Whatisabar-code?Inwhatformatdoesabar-codeusuallyappear?

Howtoreadtheinformationhiddeninabarcode?WhatisaBar-code?

Abar-codeisamachine-readablerepresentationofinformationinavisualformatonasurface.条码是印在商品表面上的一组可见的、可用机器识别的、代表商品信息的符号。Originallybar-codesstoreddatainthewidthsandspacingsofprintedparallellines,buttodaytheyalsocomeinpatternsofdots,concentriccircles,andhiddeninimages.(linearcode)

最初，条码将数据储存在一组平行的，由条和空组成的直线上。今天，条码会以原点，同心圆形式出现，甚至会隐藏在图像里。…ledtothedevelopmentofmatrixcodes(atypeof2Dbar-code)whichdonotconsistofbarsbutratheragridofsquarecells.

人们开发了矩阵条形码（二维条码），不用线条来储存，而是由方格子组成。Stackedbar-codesareacomprisebetween2Dandlinearcodes.

堆积式条码是一维码和二维码的折中。WhatisaBar-code?

Bar-codescanbereadbyopticalscannerscalledbar-codereadersorscannedfromanimagebyspecialsoftware.

条码可以用光学扫描器（条码扫描仪）进行识别，或者可以用特殊软件从一个图像中扫描出来。UsagesofBar-coding

条码的用途keepingtrackofthelargenumberofitemsinastore

追踪货物reducinginstancesofshoplifting减少入店盗窃现象keepingtrackoftheirrentalcars追踪出租车辆keepingtrackofpassengerluggage,reducingthechanceofloss.追踪乘客行李，减少丢失trackinginsects‘matinghabits跟踪昆虫的习性trackingmovementofnuclearwaste跟踪核肥料去向coordinatingfashionshows协助模特表演producingportraits制作肖像4.RFIDVideoQuestion:1.WhatisRFIDusedfor?2.Whatdothefourlettersrepresent?3.WhichfieldsRFIDhasappliedtodiditmention?4.RFIDRadioFrequencyIdentification无线射频识别技术/电子标签VideoQuestion:1.WhatisRFIDusedfor?Identifying,trackingandmanagingeverything2.WhichfieldsRFIDhasbeenappliedtodiditmention?Loadingdockdoors卸货区门HandheldcomputersLifttrucksConveyorbeltsSecurity(IDbadge)4.RFIDRadioFrequencyIdentification

无线射频识别技术/电子标签istheuseofawirelessnon-contact（非接触性的）systemthat