高中英语北师大版Unit21HumanBiology 第二十单元过关检测

第二十单元过关检测(时间:90分钟分值:120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共12小题;每小题分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。A导学号53110036Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetrappedintoobusyworktorelaxhavenotimetotellabed-timestorytoourchildren,orenjoyanicedinnerwithourfamily,ortakeabreaktothinkabouthowwelivethepreciouslife,orevenmeetwenoticeisthedistinctionsthatusedtoguideandsteadyusbetweenSundayandMonday,publicandprivate,hereandhavemorewaystocommunicate,butlessandlesstobecausewe’resobusycommunicating.Maybethat’swhymoreandmorepeopleIknow,eveniftheyhavenoreligiousbelief,seemtobeturningtoyoga,orfriendsofminetrytogoonlongwalkseverySunday,orto“forget”theircellphonesatseriesoftestsinrecentyearshasshownthattheirbrainsbecomebothcalmerandsharperafterspendingtimeinquietruralsettings.Inmyowncase,IoftenturntoextrememeasurestotrytokeepmysanityandensurethatIhavetimetodonothingatdon’tuseacelltrynottogoonlinetillmyday’swritingisfinished,andImovefromManhattantoruralplaces.Noneofthisisamatterofprincipleorasceticism(苦行主义):it’sjustpuremakesmefeelbetter—calmer,clearerandhappier—thanbeinginoneplace,absorbedinabook,aconversation,apieceof’sactuallysomethingdeeperthanmerehappiness:it’sjoy,whichDavidSteindl-Rastdescribesas“thatkindofhappinessdoesn’tdependonwhathappens”.Thatiswhatwehavebeenlongingfor—TheJoyofQuiet.writersometimesdoesn’tdoanythingbecause.

isoutofworkhedoesmakesnosensecanenjoyhimselfinhisleisuretimeisworriedabouthiswriting提示:根据第三段的“...Ioftenturntoextrememeasurestotrytokeepmysanity...”以及第四段的“Nothingmakesmefeelbetter...apieceofmusic.”可推知答案为C项。答案:Cdoesthewritermeanwhenusingtheword“forget”(inthe2ndparagraph)?inbusywork,theyarereallyforgetful.thinkthecellphoneisnotasuitablemeansofcommunication.leavetheircellphonesathomeonpurpose.hatemoderntechniquessuchasthecellphone.提示:根据第二段第一句“...whymoreandmorepeopleIknow,eveniftheyhavenoreligiousbelief,seemtobeturningtoyoga...”可知人们都在寻求安静、安宁,所以这里应是指有些朋友故意把手机忘在家里。答案:Cofthefollowingisright?writerisunwillingtohelpotherssinceheisselfish.downtofinddeep-downjoyisnecessary.isbettertogobacktotheancienttimessincewearesobusynow.havemoretosaybecausewehavemorewaystocommunicate.提示:根据文章最后一句话“Thatiswhatwehavebeenlongingfor—TheJoyofQuiet.”以及文章第一句“Nowadaysmore...relaxthemselves.”推知B项正确。答案:Bisthemainideaofthearticle?importanceofspendingtimeinquiet.candosomesportssuchasyogatorelax.feelbetter,weshoulddonothingatall.morewecommunicate,thebetterwewillfeel.提示:纵观全文都在讲寻求安静、安宁,所以文章旨在说明花时间在安宁上的重要性。答案:AB导学号53110037WhenBabbagewasworkingatCambridge,anewideaoccurredtowantedtoconstructacalculatingmachinetoworkoutthesolutions(解法)tomathsproblemsnotonlywithcorrectnessbutalsowithaspeedbeyondthepowerofanyhumanmachinecouldsolveproblemsinvolving(涉及)longrowsoffiguresinonecontinuousoperation(运算).In1822Babbageexhibitedhisinventionandwonaprizefromthethat,heimmediatelystartedtoworkonalargermachinedesignedtosolvemoredifficulthereceivedsomemoneyleftbyhisfather,themoneywasnotenoughtosupporthiswrotetothegovernmentabouthisplanandwasgiven￡2,500tostartwith,asumworthmuchmoreinthosedaysthanitisnow.BabbagecontinuedhisworkinLondonforfourhishealthbrokedown,andhehadtotakealongholidayhereturnedtoLondonin1828,hewasattheendofhisbillsremainedchiefassistantandco-workersquarreledwithhimandleftwithmanyexpensiveoneyearnoworkwasthisperiod,Babbage,whosemindwasalwaysactive,suddenlythoughtofacompletelynewideafortherushedtomeetthegovernmentofficialstoexplainhisnewthistime,theywereunwillingtohelpeightyears,theyrefusedtosaywhethertheywantedthemachineornot,andtheirfinalanswerwas“No”.From1828to1839,BabbageheldthepositionofprofessoratCambridgeveryhisgreatestworkwastheunfinishedcalculatingmachinewhichstoodcoveredindustinhiswasthebeginningofthemoderncomputer.machineBabbagedesignedwouldsolvedifficultmathsproblems.

oneoperationwithfewmistakesmorethanoneoperationwithoutanymistakesmorethanoneoperationwithslightmistakesoneoperationwithoutanymistakes提示:细节推断题。从第一段中的“Hewantedtoconstructacalculatingmachinetoworkoutthesolutions(解法)tomathsproblemsnotonlywithcorrectnessbutalsowithaspeedbeyondthepowerofanyhumanmind.”可知,他设计出的机器将会快速且准确无误地解决数学难题。答案:Dfailedtocontinuehisresearchworkin1828mainlybecause.

wasinpoorhealthalmostranoutofmoneyco-workersarguedwithhimspentallhismoneyonhisbills提示:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“WhenhereturnedtoLondonin1828,hewasattheendofhisresources.”可判断出他没有继续自己的研究工作是因为资金短缺。答案:Bexplainedhisnewideatothegovernmentofficials,expectingthat.

wouldagreetohisplanwouldpayforhisnewideawouldsupporthimwithmoneywouldexhibithisnewdesign提示:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Herushedtomeetthegovernmentofficialstoexplainhisnewthistime,theywereunwillingtohelphim.”可推断出他去找政府官员的目的是寻求资金方面的援助。答案:Cthepassage,wecaninferthat.

failedtobeafamousscientistatCambridgealwayshadnewideasbutgavethemupeasilyalwaysneededsupportfromthegovernmentofficialswasthefirstdesignerofthemoderncomputer提示:细节推断题。根据短文的最后一句话“Itwasthebeginningofthemoderncomputer.”可判断出Babbage是电脑的鼻祖。答案:DC导学号53110038Mostpeoplebelievefuturehumansaregoingtoouterspace,ratherthaninnerdon’trealisethatouterspaceisrapidlybecominganinformationaldesert,andthattherewillbeveryfewpeopleinterestedingoingintoouterspaceforanyreasoninthefuture.In2050therewilllikelybea“PlanetChannel”foreveryplanetofthesolarsystem,butmostpeoplewillbeverycontenttowatchwhattherobotsaredoingratherthanrundownOlympusMonsonMarsinthemiddleofthiscentury,our“eyesinspace”willhaverunoutofalmosteverythingthatmightbeinterestingtofind.Bythemid21stcenturytherewillbeafewareasofthephysicalspectrum(范围),likegravitywaves,whichwillremainvirtuallyeverythingelsewillhavebeenmodeledwelltoafirstapproximation(概算),andoursimulationsciencewillbeclearlymorefruitfulatthattimethanourdatadrivenexplorations.Unlikeinnerspace,outerspacerapidlybecomes“computationallyclosed”.Thereissimplynocompellingreasontogointoouterspace,andeveryreasontogointoinnerspace,aswe’lldiscussmorelater.saying“aninformationaldesert”,theauthorreallymeansanareainwhich.

ismuchinformationinstoreforustechnologyisdevelopingfastisveryhardtofindthenecessaryinformationisnovaluableinformationleft提示:细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句可知,人们将失去对太空探索的兴趣,说明前面的“信息沙漠”的含义是“没有有价值的信息可挖掘”。答案:Dtotheauthor,in2050mostpeoplewouldliketo.

outerspacethemselvesrobotsworkingforthemtoOlympusMonsonMarsrobotsexploringouterspace提示:细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句可知,将来人们只观看机器人去火星探索就已经很满足了,而不会自己去火星探索。答案:Ddoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?reasonwhyfuturehumansshouldgointoouterspace.reasonwhyweneedn’tmakemucheffortinexploringouterspace.historyandthefutureofspaceexploration.differenceinouterspaceexplorationandinnerspaceexploration.提示:主旨大意题。结合文章第一段和最后一段分析可得到答案,太空中可探索的东西已经不多了,因此我们没有必要过多地投入到外部太空的探索中。答案:Bauthorholdstheviewthat.

cansurviveinouterspaceinthefutureofouterspaceremainstobediscoveredremainsverylittleforustoexploretheouterspaceshouldkeepabalancebetweentheexplorationofouterandinnerspace提示:推理判断题。由文章第一段的“信息沙漠”和最后一段中的“计算封闭”都可推断出作者的观点。答案:C第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。导学号53110039Asastudent,youcandowellonatestifyouhavegoodknowledgeoftheinformationthatisbeingtested.13TheDETERstrategycanhelpyoudoyourbestonanyletterinDETERremindsyouwhattodo.

D=DirectionsReadthetestdirectionsveryyourteachertoexplainanythingaboutthetestdirectionsyoudonotunderstand.14

E=ExamineExaminetheentiretesttoseehowmuchyouhavetobyknowingtheentiretaskcanyoubreakitintopartsthatbecomemanageableforyou.T=Time15Iftherearedifferentpointsforitems,plantospendthemosttimeontheitemsthataccountforthemostyourtimeisespeciallyimportantforessaytests.

E=Easiest16Ifyougetstuckonadifficultitemthatcomesupearlyinthetest,youmaynotgettoansweritemsthattestthingsyouknowwell.

R=ReviewIfyouhaveplannedyourtimecorrectly,youwillhavetimetoreviewyouranswers.17Alsomakesurethatyouhaveansweredallitemsrequired.

youhaveexaminedtheentiretest,decidehowmuchtimeyouwillspendoneachitem.usingastrategywhentakingthetesthelpsyoutoshowwhatyouhaveknown.byfollowingthedirectionscanyouachieveagoodscoreonthetest.secondEinDETERremindsyoutoanswertheeasiestitemsfirst.thetimetomakethemascompleteandaccurateaspossible.myopinion,youshouldfollowtheadvicewhentakingatest.youknowwhattheselettersstandfor?答案:13~17BCADE第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。导学号53110040(2023全国乙卷)AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers,morningin2023,Larrywas18along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis19.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.20hegotcloser,hefound21vehicleupsidedownonthemorelookandhenoticed22shootingoutfromunderthe23pulledover,setthebrakeand24thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.

Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson25andtoldLarryhehad26anemergency27heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.28thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokentoldhertostay29untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,30shethoughtthecarwasgoingto31.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove32sheinjuredherneck.

Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived,Larryandtheotherman33andletthemgoto,Larryaskedthe34ifhewasneededor35tolethimandtheothermango.

Onethingis36—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His37mostlikelysavedthewoman’slife.

提示:根据第一句内容可知,Larry是一个运输公司的司机,此处表示他开车行驶在路上,因此选择traveling。答案:C 提示:根据前面的delivering一词可知,此处表示Larry给他的客户送完货之后,发现了下面提到的车祸。答案:D提示:根据句意可知,此处表示当他靠近一些。as在此处引导时间状语从句。答案:C 提示:上文提到了一辆开着车灯的车,此处提到一辆翻倒在路上的车,所以用another修饰,表示“另一辆”。答案:B 提示:根据下文thefirewasputout可知,此处说明翻倒在路上的那辆车着火了,所以选择“火焰”一词。答案:A 提示:disabled原意为“残废的,有缺陷的”,此处用来修饰车辆,引申为“报废的;损坏的;不能使用的”。答案:Bholdof chargeof 提示:getholdof意为“抓住,得到”,此处说明Larry把车停到路边,拉了手刹,拿起灭火器帮忙灭火。答案:Adown through in over提示:comeover意为“过来”,此处说明开着车灯的那名司机过来了,他告诉Larry自己已经打过急救电话了。答案:D 提示:根据上下文语境可知,此处表示打电话,所以用made。答案:C 提示:故事是按时间顺序发展的,在两位司机交谈过之后,他们听到从毁坏的车辆中传来一位女士的声音。答案:A 提示:根据常理可知,听到声音,自然应该靠近去看,所以选择approaching。答案:D 提示:staystill表示“保持不动”,still在此处是形容词。答案:B 提示:两位司机嘱咐这位女士不要乱动,等待急救人员到来,但是这位女士担心车会爆炸。答案:D away apart 提示:上文提到这辆车着火了,因此女士担心车可能会爆炸。答案:Aif case 提示:incase在此处引导目的状语从句。Larry告诉女士火已经被扑灭了,并嘱咐她不要乱动以免伤到脖子。答案:Cforward off on out提示:根据常识和下文的letthemgotowork,当专业的救援人员到来,两位司机退后,免得妨碍救援人员工作。答案:B 提示:该题可采用排除法,其他三个选项不符合语境。在这种情况下,交警肯定到场,所以Larry应该向警察询问。答案:B 提示:free在此处是形容词,意为“自由的;不受约束的”,与下文内容吻合。答案:Dcertain consideration 提示:根据破折号后面的内容可知,Larry这种英勇行为是肯定无疑的。答案:A 提示:上文提到的Larry拿灭火器灭火是他个人的努力行为,这种行为在很大程度上挽救了这位女士的生命。答案:C第二节(共10小题;每小题分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。导学号53110041Thisyear,IwillspendThanksgivingDayatmyelderbrother’swillbeofferedwine,seafood,turkeyandotherdelicious38.(dish).ButtheThanksgivingIrememberwiththe39.(sweet)memoryisthefirstmademeunderstandthemeaningof“thanksgiving”.

ThatThanksgiving,myfamilygatheredonthefloorandatetwoturkeys40.(give)tousbyachildrenfoughtoverthefood41.theadultstalkedaboutjobwaseventalkof42.possibletripthefollowingsummertotheplaceIhadbeenlookingforward43.seeing:Iworeoldclothesatthattime,Iwasveryhadmanytriedtheirbesttohelp44.(teach)metoplaybaseball;Jackprotectedmefromnaughtychildren,andRobertoffered45.(take)meonavacationwithhisthebestofallwas46.Englishteacher:MrImissedthebus,he47.drivemehomeafterschool.

答案:whiletake第三部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。导学号53110042IheardastoryaboutJoan,whowasinthearmyduringWorldWarⅡ.OneeveningshehadmetanofficernamedDavid,whotoldherselfthathewouldleavefortheadded,“I’dbeveryhappierifwecouldwritetoeachother.”Joanagreed,andtheywroteforseveralhisletters,Joanreceivedtheletterfromanotherofficer,tellingherthatDavidhadbeenwoundedbutwasinanarmydecidedgotothehospitaltoseeDavidcametothehospital,onlytobetoldthatonlyrelativeswereallowingtovisitpatientsthensaidtoa