高中英语人教版2TheUnitedKingdom 市赛获奖

2023秋英语人教版必修5U4同步综合训练及答案UnitFourNewsMedia一、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。InmuchofAsia，especiallytheso－called“ricebowl”culturesofChina，Japan，Korea，__1__Vietnam，foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong，thinpiecesofwoodorcanalsobemadeofplastic，animalboneorchopsticksarequiteelegantchopsticksmight__2__(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChineseworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal__3__(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,__4__(use)twigs(树枝)toremovetime，__5__thepopulationgrew，peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich__6__(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，__7__livedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe__8__(develop)ofbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand__9__(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinIndia，forexample，mostpeopletraditionallyeat__10__theirhands.二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。I’msittinginaquietroomattheMillcroftHotel，apeacefulplacehiddenbackamongpinetreesaboutanhouroutofToronto.It’sjustpastnoon，lateJuly，andI’m__1__thedesperatesoundsofalife­or­death__2__goingonafewfeetaway.There’sasmall__3__burningoutthelastofitsshortlife’senergiesina(an)__4__toflythroughtheglassofthe，it’snotworking.Thegreateffortoffersnohopeforsurvival.Ironically(讽刺地)，thestruggleispartofthetrap.Itis__6__fortheflytotryhardenoughtosucceedin__7__throughtheglass.Thisflyisdoomed(注定失败)．Itwill__8__thereonthewindowsill.Acrosstheroom，tensteps__9__，thedoorisopen.Tensecondsofflyingtimeandthissmallcreaturecouldreachtheoutsideworldonlyasmalleffortnowbeing__11__，itcouldbefreeofthisself­breakthroughpossibilityisthere.Itwouldbeso__13__.Whydoesn’ttheflytryanotherapproach，__14__dramaticallydifferent？Howdiditgetsolockedinontheidea__15__thisparticularrouteanddeterminedeffortofferthemostpromiseforsuccess?Nodoubtthiswaymakes__16__tothe，it’sanideathatwillkillit.Tryingharderisn’tnecessarilythesolution__17__achievingmore.Itmaynotofferanyreal__18__forgettingwhatyouwantoutoflife.Sometimes，infact，it’sabigpartoftheproblem.Ifyou__19__yourhopesforabreakthroughontryingharderthanever，youmay__20__yourchancesforsuccess.三、阅读理解A【2023北京高考真题】CCaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecoveryCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwind-lengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(铅中毒)nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred（繁殖）.Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(电死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freebirdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney(肾)failuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to%in2023.Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”condorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey.activeatnighttobebredinthewildfoundoninCaliforniadiedoutinthe1980s2.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare.condors’journeyhomeB.bigkillersofCaliforbniacondorasC.restplacesforcondorsatnightD.usedtokeepcondorsawaytoParaghaph5,leadpoisoning.condorstoonervoustoflyB.haslittleeffectoncondors’kidneysC.canhardlybegottenridoffromcondors’bloodD.makesitdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirdspassageshowsthat.averagesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactory’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringeffortstoprotectcondorsbavebroughtgoodresultshavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblemB阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。体裁：记叙文话题：公共服务时间：7分钟TheworldoftaxidriversisdominatedbythereisonesmalltaxicompanyinDelhi，whereallthedriversandpassengersare'ssafetyisahottopicinIndiaatthemoment，soit'sprovingaverypopularservice.“WhenI'montheroaddrivingourtaxiIfeelveryproud，becausethisisthefirsttaxiserviceonlyforwomen，”says31­year­oldShantiSharma，whoisoneofeightfemaledriverswithataxiservicecalledCabsforWomenbyWomen.Thelastcoupleofmonths，sincetherapeandmurderinthecityofacollegestudenttravellingonabus，havebeenparticularlybusyforherandhercolleagues.“Afterthiscase，ourworkloadhasincreasedsomuch，”saysSharma.“Womenwhousedothercabservicesarealsoturningtousnow.”MostwomeninDelhisaytheyroutinelyfaceharassment(骚扰)，andworse，especiallyonpublictransport.Sharma，asingleparentwiththreedaughters，hasbeenworkingasataxidriversince2023，whentheservicewasfirstsetup，andithaschangedheristhefirsttimethatshehasearnedenough—about250amonth—tosupportherfamily.Ofcourse，sheandtheotherfemaletaxidriversarecompletelyoutnumberedbymalecabbies.“WhenIparksomewheretherearealwaysmenthereandinevitablyfiveorsixofthemgettogetherandhangout，”shesays.“I'musuallytheonlywomanintheparkinglot，soIjuststayinsidethecar.”It'snotmuchbetterwhensheisoutonthesaysthemaledriversgiveherahardtime.“Assoonastheyseeawomanatthewheeltheystarthonking(按喇叭)forno'lltrytoovertake'malwaysworryingabouthowtoavoidgettinghitbysomeone.”ThecompanybehindCabsforWomenbyWomen，SakhaConsultingWings，hadanumberofgoalswhenitsetupthewantedtogivewomenfrompoorbackgroundsanopportunitytoearnputtingwomeninchargeoftechnologies，italsowantedtochangepeople'sattitudes，andopenupboundariesforwomen.C“Stopmakingexcusesforhim，Mom，”Isaid.“Butmaybeheisfeelingunwell...”Momsaid.“Maybenothing，”IhadbeentendingMomsinceherhealthbegantodeclineandthiswouldbethefirsttimeinayearthatmyhusbandandIhadanightouthadpromisedtostaywithagainheletusmoreoftenthannot，hisdrinkinghadalottodowithirresponsibilityupsetme.Irememberedourhappygrowing­upyearsinasmalltowninWestgoodfamilyeducation，Jerryhadbeenakindwasonly15whenDadhim，Igotoverthesorrowsoon，buthestartedhebeganhangingoutwithbadguys.JerryandIdidn’tseeeachotheroften，butwetalkedonthe，though，weendedupMomcametolivewithus，Jerrydroppedinregularlyatfirst，butafterawhilehisvisitsbecameexplainedhecouldn’thandleseeingMominsuchabadexcuse，Ithought.OnedayIwenttoseethedoctoraboutmyhadbeenachingformonths.“Ican’tfindanythingwrongwithyouphysically，”thedoctorsaid.“ButIcantellyou’reverysomethingbotheringyou？”IpouredoutmystoryaboutJerry.“Doyouthinkhe’slikelytochange？”heshrugged.“Probablynot.”“But，youcan，”hesaidgently.Me？WhydidIhavetochange？HewastheonewhoconstantlyletuswhathadIdone？Maybethedoctorwascouldn’tlovehisbehavior，butIcouldlovehim—thewayIdidwhenwewereIwalkedintothehouseIsensedarelief.JerrydiedyoungduetomissI’mgratefulIwasgiventheopportunitytoshowhimIlovedhim—ashewas，notasIwantedhimtobe.四、七选五（2023高考模拟选编）下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句(第1～5题)。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出适合各段落的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。A．Wedon'tcareaboutthethingswegeteasily.B．Ittakestimeandefforttobeanexpertinanyarea.C．Weshouldsticktorulesundoubtedlyandbravely.D．Sometimeswehavetoignoreorbreaktheregulations.E．Ittakesgreatamountofcouragetotaketheroadlesstraveled.F．Youdon'thavetoliveyourlifeinawaysocietywantsyouto.Mostofthetime，welearnthelessonsfromtheoldandwiseastheyhavealreadybeenwhereweareandhavedonewhatwerarelydoeslifeteachussomethinginaneasyalwaystakestestsandthenfailsforustolearnanythingarefivelifelessonswhichpeoplewilllearnthehardwayinmajorityofcases.1．________Peopleusuallygetdiscouragedwhenittakesmoretimethantheythoughtitandforemost，keepinmindthatpeoplereferonlytothosewhohavealreadyachievedwhatyouwanttobe，whichmostpeoplefailtolookatotherunsuccessfulpeopleandapplythosecriteriatothemevenbeforetheytakeatanysuccessfulpersonandyou'llnoticeonethingcommoninalloftooktimetolearnandmasteredtheircraftlikenooneisnoelevatortosuccess;youhavetotakethestairs.2．________Decadesofoldbeliefs，customsandpracticesarebeingperformedthesedaysandarefollowedblindlywithoutbeingsometimesforcetheirchildrentoselectacareertheydon'twantbecauseotherchildrenhaveselectedthataremadetofollowsomepracticesintheirfamilywhichmakesnosensetothematofall，peoplefollowthemwithoutevenisnoharminoldcustomsandbeliefsbutwhenyoupursuethembeforeyourinterest，soonerorlateryou'llrealizethatyoushouldfirstdowhatyouthinkisright.3．________Undoubtedly，thisistrueinalltheareasofhealthforfewpeopletaketheirhealthknowthatiftheirhealthislost，theywon'tbehappy，stilltheyeatjunkfoodandneverexercise，keepaccumulatingfatandkeepspendingonweightlossnothing?Therealreasonbehindisthattheyhavegothealthforspendthousandsoncarsandtakecareofthemwhatwouldhavebeenthepriceofhumanbodyifwehadtopayforit?Andthenimaginehowwellwewouldtakecareofitifwehadpaidahugeamountofmoneytogetourbody.4．________Moreoften，wearealwaysaskingtenpeoplebeforetakinganyalwayswanttoconfirmthatwearesureanddonotmakeanyfollowthesamepaththateveryonesuggests，dothesamethingeveryonedoes，andhangoutwiththesamepeoplewework?Becausewearewhenyougetboredoflife，yourealizethatyouarenotmeanttodowhateveryonedoesandthatyourdestinyisdifferentfromanyoneelse'soutthereintheitalwaystakesatremendousamountofgutstofollowyourowntrail.5．________Rulesarefollowrulessothatthingsareinorderandnooneisdisturbedistrueincaseoftrafficandothercompanyrulesbutwhenitcomestoyourlife，therearerulesmadebypeoplewhoarescaredtodosomethingapartfromtheirroutineandthereforetheymaderulestopreventothersdoingwhentimepassesbyandyouthinkyouarenotbeingdirectedtowardsyourgoalandthesesocalledrulesareyourbiggestobstacles，breakthem，weneedtobeboldandactcourageously.五、短文改错TodaywewenttoclimbtheWestHill．Earlyinmorning1．______westartedoutandarrivedanhourlate．Thenwebegan2．______toclimb．Thehillwashighandsomeofusgottired3．______soon,andallofuswereveryexcited．Wecheered4．______happilywhenwegotthetop．Wehadourlunchthere5．_______andhadenjoyedourselvesverymuch．Unfortunately，6．________whenwewalkeddownthehill，Wewerecaughtby7．_______arain．Weremainedcalmly，sharedumbrellasand8．_______raincoatsandwalkedcarefully．Finallywebothreached9．_______theparkinglotsafely．Inspiteoftheunexpectingrain10．______andwind，wehadagoodtime．【参考答案】一、语法填空【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚洲一些国家中的吃饭工具筷子。1．and[考查连词。China,Japan,Korea,Vietnam是并列关系。]2．bemade[考查语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。]3．tocreate[考查动词不定式。作目的状语。]4．using[考查分词。现在分词作状语。]5．as/when[考查连词。as/when“当……时，随着……”。]6．gradually[考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。]7．who[考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。]8．development[考查名词。此处应用名词作动词的宾语。]9．were[考查时态和动词的数。此处were是与wouldremind并列的谓语动词。]10．with[考查介词。固定短语：withone’shands用某人的手。]二、完形填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了“我”在旅馆里看到一只苍蝇不停地试图穿过玻璃飞出去，这无疑是在自杀。它完全可以从旁边开着的门飞走。“我”从这件事得到启发：人们在遇到困难的时候，不应冒昧地尝试，应该有所突破，才有机会获得成功。 B．cryingoutC．watching D．listeningto解析句意为：我听到了绝望的声音。listento“听到”。A、B、C三项均没有“听到”的意思。答案D2．A.struggle B．cryC．yell D．test解析struggle意为“挣扎，斗争”；cry意为“哭，喊叫”；yell意为“叫喊”；test意为“测试”。由第二段第四句中“thestruggleispartoftrap”的提示可知，此处应选用struggle。答案A3．A.bird B．flyC．insect D．worm解析bird意为“鸟”；fly意为“苍蝇”；insect意为“昆虫”；worm意为“爬虫”。由第二段第五句中的“theflytotryhardenoughtosucceedin...”可知，B项正确。答案B4．A.experience B．directionC．force D．attempt解析experience意为“经验，经历”；direction意为“方向”；force意为“武力”；attempt意为“尝试”。根据上下文语境可知，苍蝇正在尝试穿过玻璃飞出去。答案D5．A.Thus B．SoC．Although D．However解析thus意为“因而”；so意为“所以”；although意为“虽然”；however意为“然而”。句意为：虽然苍蝇不断地尝试穿过玻璃窗，然而并不奏效。前后两句是转折关系。答案D6．A.unusual B．likelyC．impossible D．common解析unusual“不同寻常的”；likely“可能的”；impossible“不可能的”；common“寻常的”。由常识可知，苍蝇是不可能成功穿过玻璃飞出去的。答案C7．A.digging B．breakingC．pushing D．jumping解析dig“挖掘”；break“打破”；push“推”；jump“跳”。短语breakthrough意为“突破，冲破”，符合语境。答案B8．A.kill B．dieC．lie D．stick解析kill“杀死”；die“死”；lie“撒谎，躺”；stick“粘贴”。由常识判断，如果苍蝇不断地撞击玻璃，就会死在那里。答案B9．A.away B．farC．near D．distant解析away“距离……远”；far“远的”；near“近的”；distant“远的”。away用在名词后，表示距离某地有多远，符合语境。答案A10．A.dreams B．thinksofC．misses D．longsfor解析dream“梦想”；thinkof“考虑”；miss“怀念，错过”；longfor“渴望”。句意为：只需十秒钟的飞行，这只苍蝇就能飞到外面它所渴望的世界。答案D11．A.done B．ownedC．wasted D．planned解析do“做，完成”；own“拥有”；waste“浪费”；plan“计划”。根据语境可知，它之前的努力都白费了，故C项符合语境。答案C12．A.aim B．trapC．net D．goal解析aim“目的，目标”；trap“陷阱”；net“网”；goal“目的”。由第二段第四句中的“thestruggleispartofthetrap”可知，trap符合语境，即自我设置的陷阱。答案B13．A.easy B．necessaryC．hard D．obvious解析easy“轻松的，容易的”；necessary“必要的”；hard“艰难的”；obvious“明显的”。句意为：突破的可能性就在那里，是那么简单。答案A14．A.attempt B．anythingC．struggle D．something解析something“某事，某物”，常用于肯定句；anything“任何事物”，常用于否定句和疑问句。在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用something。答案D15．A.that B．whatC．which D．where解析that可引导定语从句，也可引导名词性从句；what引导名词性从句；which引导形容词性从句；where可引导定语从句和状语从句。从句中不缺任何成分，且句中先行词是idea，所以其后要用that来引导同位语从句，对idea进行补充说明。答案A16．A.sense B．differenceC．effect D．effort解析sense“感觉，意识”，常和make构成短语，makesense意为“有意义”；difference“区别，不同”；effect“影响”；effort“努力”。句意为：毫无疑问，这种方法对这只苍蝇来说是有意义的。答案A17．A.of B．fromC．off D．to解析在solution的后面常跟to表示的不定式，是固定搭配。意为“解析法”。答案D18．A.advice B．supportC．hope D．power解析advice“建议”；support“支持，支撑”；hope“希望”；power“力量”。此处与最后一段中的“Ifyou________yourhopesfora．..”相照应，故用hope符合语境。答案C19．A.risk B．getC．make D．take解析risk“冒险，冒……的风险”；get“获得”；make“制作”；take“带走”。句意为：如果你冒险把你的希望放在比以往更艰难的突破上，你就可能有扼杀成功的机会。答案A20．A.fail B．killC．achieve D．fulfill解析fail“失败”；kill“杀死”；achieve“获得，达到”；fulfill“执行，履行”由语境可知，此处应用kill。答案B三、阅读理解A、1.D 2.B 3.D4.C B、【语篇导读】德里一家出租车公司专门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的CabsforWomenbyWomen出租车业务。生意异常火爆。1．ThetaxiserviceCabsforWomenbyWomen______.A．isgreatlyneededatpresentinIndiaB．causesahotdebateinIndiaC．wassetupin2023D．isfreeofchargeforwomen解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“it'sprovingaverypopularservice”可知，这项女性出租车服务在现在有很大需求量。答案A2．WhyarewomenwhousedothercabservicesturningtoCabsforWomenbyWomen?A．Becauseitischeap. B．Becauseitissafe.C．Becauseitisfamous. D．Becauseitisconvenient.解析推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租车的女性现在选择CabsforWomenbyWomen，是因为这种由妇女驾驶的出租车能为女性乘客提供安全保障。答案B3．WhatdoweknowaboutSharma?A．SheisthefirstfemaletaxidriverinDelhi.B．Shelivesinharmonywithherhusband.C．Shehasregrettedbecomingataxidriver.D．Shehasabettersalaryafterbecomingataxidriver.解析细节理解题。根据第六段可知，从2023年Sharma成为出租车司机后，她才赚了足够多的钱来养家糊口。答案D4．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．TheopportunitiesCabsforWomenbyWomenprovidesforwomen.B．ThemainpurposesofCabsforWomenbyWomen.C．People'sattitudestowardsCabsforWomenbyWomen.D．ThebackgroundinformationofCabsforWomenbyWomen.解析段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“ThecompanybehindCabsforWomenbyWomen，SakhaConsultingWings，hadanumberofgoalswhenitsetuptheservice.”可知，本段主要讲开展CabsforWomenbyWomen出租车服务的目的。答案B【长难句解读】原文Sharma，asingleparentwiththreedaughters，hasbeenworkingasataxidriversince2023，whentheservicewasfirstsetup，andithaschangedherlife.译文Sharma是一个独自抚养三个女儿的单亲母亲，自从2023年首次开展这项服务以来，她一直是一名出租车司机。这改变了她的生活。分析and前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，asingleparentwiththreedaughters是Sharma的同位语。when引导一个定语从句，修饰2023。C、【语篇解读】爱一个人，并不意味着他很完美。有时，即便他有着让人难以忍受的缺点，也要学会去爱——爱他不是因为他是你所期望的那样，而是爱他本人。1．WhenJerryfailedtocarryouthispromisethatnight，hismother________.A．feltveryangry B．triedtodefendhimC．wasindifferentaboutit D．phonedhimtoaskhimtocomeback解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Stopmakingexcusesforhim，Mom，”Isaid.“Butmaybeheisfeelingunwell...”可推断，答案为B。答案：B2．Jerrygotintothehabitofdrinkingmainlybecause________.A．hewasinfluencedbybadguysB．hismomlefttolivewithhissisterC．nobodycaredforhimafterhisfatherdiedD．hecouldn’tgetoverthesadnessoflosinghisfather解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Unlikehim，Igotoverthesorrowsoon，buthestarteddrinking可知，答案为D。答案：D3．Theunderlinedword“sporadic”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”．A．occasional B．frequentC．formal D．unpleasant