高中英语人教版Unit1Livingwell 市赛获奖

选修7Unit1LivingwellPeriod5Grammar定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。.Hewantshisstudentstoreadthebookaloud. 主动形式 被动形式一般式 todo tobedone完成式 tohavedone tohavebeendone进行式 tobedoing 无完成进行式 tohavebeendoing 无一、不定式的意义1.不定式的一般式：2.不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。3.不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式(tohavebeendone).4.不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.二、不定式的用法：1.不定式做主语：1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数Todosuchthingsisfoolish.2）主系表结构Toseeistobelieve.3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。常用于下列结构中：(1)Itis/was+adj.+(ofsb.)todo…（如good/kind/nice/clever/foolish/selfish…）(2)Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todo…（如easy/difficult/hard//unwise/possible/necessary…）(3)Itis+a/an+名词+todo...（如apity/ashame/apleasure/one’sduty/anhonor…）(4)Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience…todo…(5)Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork…todo…2.不定式做表语：主语多用aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,job,suggestion,wish,purpose等抽象名词或以what引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，不定式作表语常表示将来的动作或状态。EX:1）WhatIwouldsuggestis_______________atonce.我的建议是马上开始工作。2）________________________________________________最主要的任务是保持我们房间的整洁。3.动词不定式作宾语：ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）：想要学习早打算（wantlearnplan）快准备有希望（preparehopewishexpect）同意否供选择（agreeofferchoose）决定了已答应（decidebedeterminedpromise）尽力去着手做（manageundertake）别拒绝别假装（refusepretend）失败不是属于你（fail）.汤姆拒绝借他的笔给我。___________________________________________*注意:1某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同stop/goon/remember/forget/regret/try/mean…2某些及物动词think,believe,consider,feel,find,make等后常用it作形式宾语.Technologymakes____________________________ourdream.科技使我们的梦想实现成为可能。4．动词不定式做定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。I.不定式作定语需要后置。II.作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语（逻辑上的主谓关系）或逻辑宾语（逻辑上的动宾关系）或修饰性关系（同位关系）。1)动宾关系:EX:1)Ihavealotofwork_______（要做）2)Givemeapieceofpaper___________(写)2)主谓关系:EX:Womenandchildrenwerethefirst___________________________（登上救生艇）3)修饰性关系:不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象，它所修饰的词多为抽象名词。need,time,way,right,chance,courage,reason,wish,movement.eg:Thereisnoneedforhimtocome.Hehasnotimetoreadthebook.注意．为动宾关系的不定式，必须是及物动词或不及物动词加介词；如果不定式所修饰的词是way或place,介词可省略。.Itisacomfortablesofa____________(sit).Hehasnoway___________(go).Thisisthebestplace_____________(work)5.宾语补足语:eg:Hewantsyoutobehisassistant.Isawhercrossthestreet.[注1]如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，则作宾补的不定式不可带to，这些动词有see,hear,feel,watch,notice;have,make,let等。eg:Ifeltmybloodruncold.Whatmadeyouthinklikethat?但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。Hewasmadetocleanthewindowsasapunishment.Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.[注2]help后可以直接用带to或不带to的不定式作宾语。Theyhelped(to)carrythefurnitureupstairs.6.不定式做状语:不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,youmusttryyourbest.(主语一致)Irushedtotheairport,onlytofindthatJohnhadgone.7.同位语:.Isthisyourpurpose,toavoidbeingpunished?8.独立成分:.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikeyou.类似的有：tobefrank坦率地说，tocutalongstoryshort长话短说，等等三、不定式的否定式：通常是在不定式前加not，表示较强的否定意义时可用never。.Itoldhimnottotouchtheequipment.Youmustpromisenevertodothatagain.四、动词不定式的“省略”1、不定式省to1）在hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather...than,wouldsooner...than（宁愿……而不）,cannotbut（不得不、只好）,why(not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。翻译：1._________________________________________你最好告诉她真相。2.Whatcouldhedobutforgiveher?_____________________________2）动词不定式短语作介词but,except,besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。EX:Whatdoyouliketodo________________?除了游泳,你还喜欢干什么?区别：mothercoulddonothing______________thedoctortoarrive.妈妈只好等着医生到来。2.Nowhehadgivenhimselfnochoice__________________.当时他毫无选择的余地,只好告诉她。3）两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要保留。eg:Theydidn’ttellmewhethertogoonortostop.(对比关系)他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。Shetoldthechildtostaythereandwaittillshecameback.(并列关系)她让孩子待在那里等她回来。4）在某些感官动词或使役动词(如hear,listento,notice,observe,see,watch,make等)之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to总是被省略,但在被动语态的句子中,不定式符号to通常要保留。如:__________________________________________他们让那个人干了一个早晨。Thatman_______________________allthemorning.那个人被要求干了一个早晨。2、不定式省do留to1）为了避免重复,在hope,wish,want,like,love,decide,plan,mean,prefer,want,haveto,beableto,begoingto,usedto,oughtto等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时,常保留不定式符号to,而把其它部分省略。.MsKingliedtousbecauseshehadto.注意：在特定的上下文中,为了避免重复,如果不定式为一般式tobe...或完成式tohavedone时,则不定式符号to和be或have常一并保留,be或have之后的部分通常要省略。如:－Aren’tyoutheheadmaster?你难道不是校长吗?－No,andIdon’twanttobe.我不是,而且我也不想当。－Hasn’thefinishedwritingthereport?难道他还没写完报告吗?－No,butheoughttohave.是的,但他本来应该写完。2）当不定式在ask,advise,persuade,wish,allow,permit,tell,expect,force,invite,beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时,为了避免重复,常保留不定式符号,而把后面的动词省略。Shewantstocomebutherparentswon’tallowherto.Ifhedoesn’twanttogothere,don’tforcehimto.Hedidn’tcome,thoughwehadinvitedhimto.学以致用：teachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.’tCwillnottomasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.tohavetotake’ttakeD.nottomakehim_______thewindow.shutnotBnottoshutnotshutD.notshut4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto5.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.eatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked8.Theywouldnotallowhim________acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing9.Isawhim_______outoftheroom.A.goB.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.goes10.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.C.wasgrowinggrow11.I’veheardhim_______aboutyouoften.A.spokeB.speaksC.speakspeak12.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade______byhislittlesister.；tocry；crying；crycry；cry13.Hewasmade_________.A.goB.goneC.goingD.togo14.Johnwasmade_______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing15.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning16.There’resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind_____tobuy.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where17.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_________.AwheretochoosetochooseC.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich18.“Haveyoudecidedwhen______?”“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”leavebeleavingyouleaveD.areyouleaving19.LastsummerItookacourseon________.A.howtomakedresses