高中英语人教版Unit2Healthyeating 单元质量评估(二)

单元质量评估(二)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AThefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonoursciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodand40%ofcancerisrelatedtofoodasfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanew1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives(添加剂)causedcancer.Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings(包装)offoodsarehelpfuloradditiveswhichweeatarenotallsooftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofsimilarthingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthesomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.【语篇解读】本文告诉我们要特别注意自己所吃的食物。因为食物可以让我们生存，也可以让我们患病。1．Accordingtothispassage,wecanknow________．A．perhapsmostofhumanillnessiscausedbywhatweeatB．perhapsmostkindsofcancerarerelatedtowhatpeopleeatC．cancerwasdiscoveredin1945D．sciencehasmadefoodunfittoeat解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话“Someresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodand40%ofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.”可知，80%的疾病都是由我们吃的食物引起的，故A项正确。答案：A2．Thingsthatareusedtokeepcoloursinmeatsare________．A．harmful B．uselessC．helpless D．delicious解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingscommonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.”可知，这些让肉着色的添加剂会导致癌症。那么对人体是有害的，故A项正确。答案：A3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Somewrappingsoffoodareharmful.B．Farmerstrytomakemoremoneyonthemarketbyfatteningtheiranimals.C．“Thepracticecontinues”means“thingsarestillgoingonlikethat”．D．Weneedn'ttakecareofwhatweeat.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段前三句话可知，食物可以让我们生存，但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的。说明对于我们的食物我们要特别注意，故D项错误。答案：D4．Alltheadditives________．A．arebrightandcolourlessB．arenotbrightandcolourfulC．haveindirecteffectsonourhealthD．havedirecteffectsonourhealth解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.”可知，很多添加剂都不是直接影响人体健康的。故C项正确。答案：CBIfyoureallywanttogogreen,here'sgoodnews:eatinggreenisgoodforveryfoodswithahighcarboncost—meat,pork,dairyproducts,processedsnacks—alsotendtobefilledwithfatandgreendietwouldbemostlyvegetablesandfruits,wholegrains,fishandleanmeatlikechicken—adietthat'seco－andwaistline－greencanbehealthierandbeneficialtotheclimate.ItmaybehardtobelievethatamealatMcDonald'sproducesmorecarbonthanyourtriptoafar－awaythan37%oftheworld'slandisusedforagriculture,muchofwhichwasonce(砍伐森林)isamajorsourceoffertilizer(化肥)andmachineryneededonamodernfarmalsohavealargecarbonfootprint,asdoesthenetworkofshipsandtrucksthatbringsthefoodfromthefarmtoyourplate.Themostefficientwaytoreducethecarbonfootprintofyourmenuistoeatlessmeat,especiallycattletakesalotmoreenergythangrowingtheequivalent(相等的)amountofgrains,fruitsor'smore,themajorityofcattleintheUSarefedongrainandloadsofit—670milliontonsin2023—andthefertilizerusedtofeedthatcreatesseparateenvironmentalproblems.Focusoneatingloweronthefoodchain,withmoreplantsandfruitsandlessmeatand'scanchangetodaywhatgoesintoourbodiesforthehealthofourplanetandourselves.【语篇解读】本文介绍了吃绿色食品的好处。5．Accordingtothepassage,eatinggreenwill________．A．protecttheanimalsfrombeingkilledB．promotethedevelopmentofagricultureC．helpusloseweightandkeepself－confidenceD．begoodforourhealthandmakeachangefortheclimate解析：细节理解题。由第一段最后两句话“Agreendiet—adietthat'seco－andwaistline－greencanbehealthierandbeneficialtotheclimate.”可知，吃绿色食品对我们的健康有利而且对改变气候有利。答案：D6．Whatwillnotleadtocarbonintheagriculture?A．Deforestation. B．Fertilizer.C．Machinery. D．Grains.解析：推理判断题。由第二、三段的介绍可知，只有谷物不会造成碳排放。答案：D7．Intheauthor'sopinion,themostefficientwaytoreducecarbonisto________．A．eatmorevegetablesthanmeatB．stopraisingthecattleC．plantmoregrainsD．uselessfertilizer解析：细节理解题。由第三段第一句话“Themostefficientwaytoreducethecarbonfootprintofyourmenuistoeatlessmeat,especiallybeef.”可知。答案：A8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thebenefitsofeatinggreen.B．Howtoreducethecarbon.C．Thechangeofourmenu.D．Thewaysofkeepinghealthy.解析：主旨大意题。由文章大意可知。答案：ACPeopleareoverweightformanyreasons,themostimportantoneofwhichisthattheyeatthewrongfoods,getthewrongtypesofcalories(卡路里)permeal，andtheyalsoeatmealsatthewrongtimeeachismorepowerfulthananyweightlosspill(药片),becausethefoodthatyoueatcaneithermakeyouthinoristruebecauseyourbodyislikeanengine,anditonlyneedscertainfoodsatcertainintervals(间隔)eachday.Low－caloriedietsdonotworkThereasonpeoplecannotloseweightbystarvingthemselvesisthattheirmetabolism(新陈代谢)willdetectanymajordropincaloriesanditwillthenadjust(调整)itselfbyburningfewercalorieseachisthereasonwhyyoucaneat1，000caloriesperdayandnotloseanyweight,whileyourfriendscaneat2，500caloriesperdayandnotgainanyweight.Low－fatdietsdonotworkManypeopleintoday'ssocietyarebuyingmostlylow－fatornon－fatfoodatthegroceryknowshowmuchfatisinsidethefoodthey,peoplearegettingfatterthaneverbeforebydoingarenotlosingweightbychangingtothislow－fatlifestyle.Losingweighthasnothingtodowiththeseofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotocontrolyourweightistoeattheproperfoods,suchasfruitandvegetables,eatthemattherighttime,andexerciseeverypeoplemakethisahabit,theywillloseweight.【语篇解读】本文介绍了人们超重的原因。9．Whatisthemainreasonwhypeopleareoverweight?A．Theyeatthewrongfoodsatthewrongtime.B．Theyeatfoodwithlotsofcalories.C．Theydon'ttakeanyweightlosspills.D．Theyburnmanycalorieseveryday.解析：细节理解题。从第一段的第一句话“Peopleareoverweightformanyreasons,themostimportantoneofwhichisthattheyeatthewrongfoods...”可知A项是正确答案。答案：A10．Thearticleiswritteninorderto________．A．tellreadersnottobuylow－fatornon－fatfoodB．tellreadershowtoloseweightC．tellreadersaboutanimportantscientificdiscoveryD．callonpeopletoloseweightandstayhealthy解析：作者意图题。纵观全文，讲了人类肥胖的主要原因，以及人们怎样做就会减肥，故B项正确。答案：B11．Torealizetheaimofyourweightlossplan,youshould________．a．doexerciseeverydayb．eatmealsattherighttimec．eatfruitsandvegetablesd．eatlow－fatorsweetfoode．eattheproperfoodsateachmealA．a，b，c，d B．a，b，d，eC．a，c，d，e D．a，b，c，e解析：从最后两段可排除A、B、C三项；从全文可知，D项正确。答案：DDYourhousemayhaveaneffectonyoursaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstaresomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnuptheenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessself－conscious(难为情)whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsofyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight，getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthesuggestswarmcoloursfuelouronestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredcolourslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcoloursmakeusfeellesswhenit'stimetorepaint，goblue.Don'tforgettheclock—orthewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30whileyou'reatit，actuallysitdowntoyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnonrelaxingmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizetheservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeuseatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12－inchplateinsteadofa10－inchwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14we'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort，wideglassthanatall，skinnyglass.【语篇解读】想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。房间一要明亮；二要用冷色系以减少食欲；三要在就餐时放一些舒缓的音乐；四要用小的碗碟。12．Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout________．A．theirhomecomforts B．theirbodyshapeC．housebuying D．healthydiets解析：细节理解题。根据全文第一段“Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.”可知，这篇文章更可能是对那些在乎自己体型的人有帮助。答案：B13．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople________．A．digestfoodbetterB．reducefoodintakeC．burnmorecaloriesD．regaintheirappetites解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话“Inonestudy...”可知在蓝色房间内人吃的相对较少。答案：B14．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A．Eatquickly.B．Playfastmusic.C．Usesmallerspoons.D．Turndownthelights.解析：细节理解题。最后一段介绍，要想少吃，就要用小碗小勺，而前文也提到，吃得快和房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。故选C。答案：C15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Isyourhousemakingyoufat?B．WaysofservingdinnerC．Effectsofself－consciousnessD．Isyourhomeenvironmentrelaxing?解析：主旨大意题。根据开头和后文可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。答案：A第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sure,we'veallheardthatweshouldgetmorerealitiesoflifeoftenmakeitbecome“weshouldgetmoresleeplater.”__16__TheresultisthatyouwakeupthenextdayfeelinglikearoleofTheWalkingarefourwaysyoucanadjustyourbiologyinordertopaylessforstayingup.·Movearound.Exercisingbeforebedisasurewaytokeep'swhyyoushouldn'tdoitwhenyouwanttogotosleep,anditisalsowhyhittingthegym,orevensomefastpush－upscantellyourbodythatit'snottimeforphysicallyexhaustedisn'tfunwhenyouaretryingtostayup·Eatmoreprotein.Fewpeoplethinkaboutthefactthatthebrainandbodyusealotmoreenergywhenwe'reyouarepullinganall－nighter,you'regoingtoneedalotmorefoodthanyouareusedtoTostayawake,plantoeatlargermealsthannormalandtoeatthemmorefrequently.·Drinktherightstuff.It'stempting(诱人)toswitchtosugarycaffeinedrinkslikeRedBull,butthesugarwillleadtoa,ifyouwanttousecaffeine,drinkearlyintheeveningsoit'llwearoffbythetimeyouwanttoDon'tmakeitworsebydrinkingsugar.·__20__Turnthelightsdownatnightbecausebrightlightskeepyouthreeorfourhoursafteryou'reexposedtobrightwhitelight,yourbodywon'tmakemelatonin,amustfordeepwillsleepbetterifyouturnthelightsalittlebitdown.A．Turnthelightsoff.B．Avoidbrightlights.C．Justdoenoughtogetenergetic.D．Andyourbodycanneverbearsomethinglikethat.E．Yourbraincanuseupto25percentofyourtotalcalories.F．Whenyoustayuplate,yourbloodsugarbecomesabnormal.G．Thereiseithermoreworktobedone,ormorefuntobehad,orboth.【语篇解读】生活中，我们经常熬夜，这对我们的身体有很大影响，文章介绍了如何在熬夜的时候保持清醒的方法。16．解析：考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文“Therealitiesoflifeoftenmakeitbecome‘weshouldgetmoresleeplater.’”可知我们经常得不到足够的睡眠要么是因为有很多工作要做，要么是因为又很多有趣的事情要做，所以选G。答案：G17．解析：考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文“Beingphysicallyexhaustedisn'tfunwhenyouaretryingtostayuplate.”可知锻炼不要太多，做一些就足够了，所以选C。答案：C18．解析：考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文“Ifyouarepullinganall－nighter,you'regoingtoneedalotmorefoodthanyouareusedtoeating.”可知你的大脑会用到25%的总的卡路里，所以选E。答案：E19．解析：考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文“It'stemptingtoswitchtosugarycaffeinedrinkslikeRedBull,butthesugarwillleadtoacrash.”可知当你熬夜的时候，你的血糖会不正常，所以选F。答案：F20．解析：考查段落大意题。根据这段的句子“Turnthelightsdownatnightbecausebrightlightskeepyouawake.”可知这段介绍的是要避免明亮的灯光。所以选B。答案：B第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everythingspeedsupwithpeople'softeneatfastfood__21__nicemealscookedbytheirmother__22__．Theygotoashop,wherethemealcantake__24__fromtheshelfwhenthey__25__theirdollarandintenminuteseatitand__26__theirisnotgoodfor__27__．Peoplemoveagreat__28__fromcitytocity，__29__theirgo__30__betweentwenty－fivesecondsplanesare__31__offfrompeoplemovetothecities,they__32__theiroldfriendsleavetheiroldmotherandfather,theirchildren,andleavetheir__33__．Peoplebecomewithoutroots,withoutaplace__34__theycanreallycall“home”．Thishasthingisthattheoldpeopleoftenlivesofarfromtheirchildrenthat，__36__theybecomeold,thereisnobodyandsistersmovefarawayfromeachtelephoneeachbecomevery__38__．Societydoesnothavethe__39__waysanymore,theoneswhichkeptpeoplefeelratherlonelytoday.【语篇解读】本文主要对新旧两种生活方式进行了对比。21． B．togetherwithC．insteadof D．as解析：句意：吃快餐而非吃妈妈在家做的香喷喷的饭菜。insteadof“而不是”，符合句意。答案：C22．school B．athomeC．inthehotel D．intherestaurant解析：由“cookedbytheirmother”可知是在家里做的。答案：B23． B．stillC．not D．just解析：already指“已经做了”；still“仍然”；not在此指“没有做”；just指“刚做”。结合语境“他们去饭菜‘已经煮好’的商店”，可知already符合句意。答案：A24． B．itC．everything D．little解析：该空替代上文的meal。答案：B25． B．getC．set D．pay解析：由下文的“theirdollar”可推知用pay，指付款。答案：D26． B．cookC．fetch D．bring解析：他们来饭店是吃饭的而不是做其他事。本句意为“他们10分钟之内就吃完饭”。答案：A27． B．childrenC．oldpeople D．business解析：人们都到外面吃饭，必然对“家庭”不利。答案：A28． B．muchC．deal D．far解析：agreatdeal意为“许多次”，修饰动词。答案：C29． B．todoC．changing D．change解析：人们频繁更换地点是为了“更换”工作。答案：C30． B．immediatelyC．constantly D．fast解析：由下文“Everytwenty－fivesecondsplanesaretakingofffromairports.”可推出此处用constantly“不停地”。答案：C31． B．takingC．pay D．come解析：此句意为“飞机从机场起飞”，用takeoff。故选B。答案：B32． B．missC．like D．hate解析：根据语境可知，他们将老朋友“留下”。miss“思念”；like“喜欢”；hate“讨厌”，故选A。答案：A33． B．parentsC．teachers D．students解析：与人们关系密切的人除了父母、小孩子之外就是“朋友”了。答案：A34． B．andC．where D．that解析：关系代词引导定语从句，先行词aplace指物且在定语从句中作宾语，应填that。答案：D35． B．surprisingC．exciting D．great解析：人们离开亲人朋友频繁搬迁当然会产生“不良”后果。答案：A36． B．whenC．since D．because解析：“当他们年老时”这是一般事实，没有假设意味，可排除A项；C、D项表因果关系，在此意义不合。答案：B37． B．lookafterC．hearfrom D．telephone解析：老人离子女这么远以至于当他们变老时没有人来“照料”他们。答案：B38． B．differentC．large D．divided解析：人们四处搬迁必然使家庭“分散”。答案：A39． B．oldC．easy D．same解析：本文主要讲新旧两种生活方式的对比。这里指的是以前的事情。答案：B40． B．nearC．live D．friendly解析：社会没有了老风味，而这老风味曾使人们紧密联系在一起。答案：A第二节(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。MrJohnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandowned，whichlookedalmostabandoned.(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeverysoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat(leave)．Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport，inday，thecowwaseatinggrassbegantorainmakinggreateffortstorunaway，she(fall)overthehillandtheJohnsonshadtomakealivingordertosupporthisfamily，MrJohnsonbegantoplantherbsandtheplantstookawhiletogrow，hestartedcuttingdowntrees(sell)theabouthischildren'sclothes，hestartedgrowingcottonharvestcamearound，hewasalreadysellingherbs，vegetablesandcottoninthemarketfromthetownsmetitoccurredtohisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.【语篇解读】约翰逊先生一家人靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是在一次意外中奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法继续生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了一扇门。41．解析：句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a是不定冠词，表示泛指一个，修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知，约翰逊先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填a。答案：a42．解析：句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily副词，幸运的是。根据文意可知，约翰逊先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶，能让他维持生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子。答案：Luckily43．解析：句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他食物。本句话中exchange的意思是交换，根据句意可知，约翰逊先生用牛奶来换其他食物。这里是用短语exchange...for...，故填介词for。答案：for44．解析：句意：他去附近的镇上卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开，剩下，留下。根据文意可知，约翰逊先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里whatwasleft是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。答案：wasleft45．解析：句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起大雨。when是并列连词，意思是“正在这时”。这句话使用的句型是bedoingsthwhen...“正在做某事这时……”。答案：when46．解析：句意：在慌忙逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下山死了。fall摔倒，掉下来，根据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态，故这里填过去式fell。答案：fell47．解析：句意：奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不继续生活。without“除……外，没有”。根据文意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此约翰逊先生就没有了可供谋生的奶牛。故填without。答案：without48．解析：句意：因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长，约翰逊先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell“卖，销售”。根据文意可知，约翰逊先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖掉木材。这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。答案：tosell49．解析：句意：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词themarket。答案：where50．解析：句意：现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。Itoccurredtosbthat...“某人突然发现……”，这是一个固定句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是约翰逊先生，故填him。答案：him第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。WangPengandYongHuiaretheygotmarried,theyopenedtheirownrestaurantsandcompetedforeachPengthoughthismealwasgoodandhisrestaurantoughttobefullofpeople,andpeoplewenttoanewly－openedrestaurantbelongingtoYongHui.Curiositydrovehiminsidehistherewerefewchoicesoffoodanddrinkonthemenu,whichmakingpeoplecouldn'thaveYongHuigetawaywithtellingpeopledoingresearchon,herealizedwhatwaswrongwithherhewonhiscustomersbackbyusingadiscountandanewYongHuicametohisrestaurantglaringhimPengthoughthermenuwastoolimiting,andadvisedhertotryachattedandthoughttheyshouldcombinetheirideaandprovideabalanceddietwithfoodfullofenergyandsometime,theycooperatedandgotmarried,workingandlivingtogetherhappy.答案：WangPengandYongHuiaretheygotmarried,theyopenedtheirownrestaurantsandcompetedeq\f(for,against/with)eachPengthoughthismealwasgoodandhisrestaurantoughttobefullofpeople,eq\f(and,but)peoplewenttoanewly－openedresta