2021届高中英语二轮复习(大题)4 阅读理解 议论文 含解析

4阅读理解议论文一典【例题Whiletheartscan’tthevirusorthesocialunrestweinworldtoday,theygiveusinsightintothechoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcrisesandchaos.Theartsinviteeveryonethinknewways.Weoftenexperienceofartassomethingthat'spleasingtosenseswithoutafullunderstandingofthecreativeeffort.Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearngreattheir解).Throughourunderstandingofart,cangainadeeperunderstandingofmightovercomeourownchallenges.Inunderstandingextremesofcontrast,weseethebeautyinwiththataresimplypleasingfortheirmagnificentfeaturesorqualities.Beethovenofferswonderfulexampleofmovingartfullythroughcrisesandchaos.HecomposedSymphonyNo.9ashishearinglossbecamemoreandmorepronounced.Theopeningofthesymphonytocomeofnowhere,nearsilenceinopeningtoaexpressionmanyconsidertheofanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdeto欢颂.appearscreatedworkofartthatnotfreedhimhispersonalstruggles,butonethatalsospeakstojoyoflivingtogetherinpeaceharmony.Haveadialoguethetwoopposingpartsandyouwillfindthattheyalwaysoutfightingotheruntilwecometoappreciationofdifference—aonenessoftheopposingartsoffermanylessonsthatcanusgaintheknowledgeweneedtomoveconfidentlyintoday’scompetitiveanduncertainenvironment.Anopennesstoarts-basedsolutionswillgiveyoumorecontrolyourfuture.1．Whatvaluearthavebeyondpleasingpeople'ssenses?A．bringspeopleinnerpeace.BItcontributesproblem-solving.CItreducesthepossibilityofcrises.D．deepensunderstandingofmusic.2．WhatwelearnaboutBeethoven'sSymphonyNo.9?A．celebratesandunity.BItaimstoshowcrisesandchaos.CItopenswithSchiller'sOdetoJoy.D．isunfinishedtohishearingloss.3．Whattheauthor'ssuggestiondealingconflictingforces?A．astheyare.

BMakingachoicebetweenthem.CSeparatingfromeachother.D．theminconversation.4．Whichofthefollowingbethetitlefortext?A．COVID-19changesartB．ofNo.9CMovingartfullythroughcrisesD．intheeyesofBeethoven【案1.B2.A3.D4.C【析本文是一篇论文章要绍在情下的世界背景中我们供了应对危机和冲突的创造性思路。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二第二句Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearngreatdealfrom伟的艺术作品向我们展示冲突与危机，我们能从它们解决中获得启示可知，理解艺术有助于现实中问题解决。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三第三句Theopeningthesymphonyseemstocomeofnowhere,fromnearsilenceinopeningtoaexpressionofwhatmanyconsidertotheofanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdeto这响曲的开头似乎毫无来由，从几寂静的开头，许多人认为是对自由的喜悦和全世界兄弟般情谊颂充表达可知多的第交响曲歌颂的主题是自由与团结A。3．推理判断题。根据文章第四第一句dialoguethetwoopposingpartsyouwillfindtheyalwaysstartoutfightingeachothercometoanappreciationofdifference—aonenessoftwoopposingforces.(如让对立的这两个部分进行对话会现们是一始互争们对它们之间的差异有了一个正确的认识——两个对立的力量是一体的。推断，作者对于处理冲突各方的建议是让各方进行对话、交流。故选。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段Whileartscan'stoptheCOVID-19virusthesocialunrestseeinworldtoday,cangiveusinsightintochoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcriseschaos.artsinviteeveryonethinknew（虽然艺术无法止COVID-19病我们天在世界上看到的社会动荡，但它们可以让我们了解我们在应对危和混乱时所做的选择。艺术邀请每个人以新的方式思考内可知章主要介绍的是理解艺术于应对现实危机与冲突的启示“Movingartfullythrough艺通过危机)作为文章题最为合适。故选C二模练（一）

I’verecentlymyselfwonderingifIcoulddowithoutGoogleMaps.is,Ithink,theonmyphoneI’dreallyItoswapsmartphonefora“dumbthathandlesonlycallsandmessages.WhyamIthinkingaboutthis?It’sbecauseeverytimeItryreadbook,Ienduppickingupmyphoneinstead.IinterruptingmyownofthoughtinordertosomethingIdonconsciouslywanttodo.Thisisnotaccidental.Developersbecomeevenmoreunashamedtheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphones.Someofthemspeakinthelanguageofaddictionandbehaviouralpsychology,thoughprefertheterm“persuasivetech”.Initself,persuasivetechnotanewideaannamedBJFogghasbeenrunningclassesfrom“persuasivetechlab”Stanfordsincethelate1990s.Butassmartphoneownershiphasrocketedandsocial-mediasiteshavebeenborn,persuasivetechvastlyitsreach.Onecompany,DopamineLabs—namedforthechemicalreleasedintherewardcenterofthebrain—offersaservicetotechbusinesseswantingto“keepusersengagedFounderBrowntellshewantspeopletounderstandthat“theirthoughtsandfeelingsareonthetableasthatcancontrolledanddesigned”.Hethereshouldbeconversationaroundthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingused.“Webelieveeveryonehasrighttocognitiveandbuildkindofmindtheywanttoin,hesays.Theposterchildofresistancemovementagainstaddictiveformer“designethicistTristanHarris.Hethinksthepowertothesystemliesnotdevelopersbutthehardwareproviders.InHarrisfounded“TimeWellSpent”,agroupthatcampaignsformoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers.Anytechbusinessthatreliesonadvertisingprofitsismotivatedholditsusersonlineforaslongaspossible,Harrissays.appsarespecificallydesignedtokeepusinthem.Apple,ontheotherhand,tosellphonesbutdoesn’tastreamsotightlyconnectedtheamountoftimeitscustomersspendonline.HarrishopesthatcompanieslikeApplecouldusetheirinfluenceencouragemoremorallydesignedapps.WhileIwaitforAppletosortthisfindmyselflongingforsomethingcalleda“Light”,acredit-card-sizedhandsetthatdoesabsolutelynothingbutmakeandreceivecalls.Pricetag?$150.expensive.Butthecompanywebsiteverypersuasive.5Accordingtoauthor,sogluedto？A．People'sinbornbehaviours.C．apps

B．AppdevelopersintentionDHardwareproviders6．WhatdoesDopamineLabs'sfounderbelieve?A．TechbusinessesgonetooincontrollingusersmindsB．technologiesaredangeroususerscognitiveliberty.C．persuasivepowerofthetechnologiesdeservesattentionD．canlivethelifetheybyusingpersuasivetechnologies.

7．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedwordsposterchild”inparagraphA．TheadvertiserC．opponent

B．advocateDThefounder8．Whatasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Dowehavearighttocognitiveliberty?B．WhathavepersuasivedonetoC．adumbphoneisasmartmove?D．smartphonesshapeour【案5B．C78【析这是一篇议论文。作者要讲述为什么要把智能手机换成傻瓜手机。5．细节理解题。根据第三段第句“notaccidental.Developershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptsushookedonoursmartphones.这切不是然的。为了让我们一刻都离不开我们的智能手机，开发人员的手段越越肆无忌惮了发人员想尽一切办法让我们离不开手，所以我们对手机上瘾是开发人员有意为的。故选。6理干DopamineLabs'sfounder定到四据第四段倒数第二“Hethinksthereshouldbeconversationaroundpersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingused.”他认为，应该对说服技术的使用进行更广泛的讨论C选达了他的看法。故7．词句猜测题。根据本句后半分isformerGoogle“designethicistTristan（前谷歌设理学家”特斯•哈斯，语应该指人，再结横线后theresistancemovementagainstaddictive（抵制易上瘾应用运动）以及Hethepowertothesystemliesnotwithappdeveloperswiththehardwareproviders.2014,Harrisfounded“TimeWellSpent”,agroupthatformoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers.他认为，改变目这一体系的力量不掌握在应用开发人员手上，而掌握在硬件提商手中。早在2014年创建了一个名光不虚”组织开公在用发程坚设伦哈里斯是抵制易上瘾应用运动的表人物，所以Theposterchild应指该运动的支持者，代表人物；A.Theadvertiser问；advocate支C.opponent反对者D.founder创始人。故选。8．主旨大意题。通读全文，第段作者提出is,Ithink,theonlyappmyphonereallymissweretoswapsmartphonefora“dumbthathandlesonlycallsand（果我要将现在的智能手机换成只能打电话、发短信“瓜”，它(谷歌地图能是我唯一真正想念的一个应用了段’sbecauseeveryItoreadabook,Ienduppickingupmyphoneinstead.Ikeepinterruptingmyowntrainofthoughtordertosomethingthatdonconsciouslywanttodo.因为每当我想读会儿书时，我最拿起的却是手机。为了做一些我不愿做的事，我不地打断自己的思路说己想傻瓜”机的理由；第三、四、五段引用科学研究理论来说明手正试图改变你大脑中的化学成份更多时间做你不想做事情

技术界试图帮助我们重新获得自力等理论依据知文要为什么要把智能手机换成瓜手机选C（二）Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneywellspent.Butwhatshouldwespendourmoneyon?A20-yearstudyconductedbyGilovich,aprofessoratCormellUniversity,reachedpowerfulandstraightforwardconclusion:don'tspendyourmoneyonthings.Thetroublethingsisthathappinesstheyprovidepetersout.Wegetnewpossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklytheWeraisingbaralwayslookforanevenbetterone.Possessions,bytheirnature,causecomparisons.Wenewcararethrilledwithituntilafriendbuysabetterone—andthere'salwayssomeoneabetterone.Mostofususuallyassumethehappinessgetfrombuyingsomethingwilllastaslongasthethingitself.Itintuitive(直)thatinvestinginsomethingwesee,hear,andtouchonapermanentbasisdeliversthebestvalue.Butit'sthecaseatall.Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesapartouridentity.Everyone'sexperienceunique.Wearenotpossessions,butwearetheaccumulationofeverythingwe'veseen,thethingswe'vedone,andtheplaceswe'vebeento.“Ourexperiencesareabiggerpartofourselvesthanmaterialgoods,”saidGilovich.“YoucanreallylikematerialYoucaneventhinkthatpartofyouridentityconnectedthosethings,buttheyremainseparateyou.Incontrast,experiencesreallyarepartyou.Wearethesumtotalofexperiences.”Besides,wecompareexperiencesthesamewaythatwecomparethings.It'shardquantifytherelativevalueofexperiences,whichmakesthemthatmuchmoreenjoyable.expectationofanexperiencecausesexcitementenjoyment,whileexpectationofobtainingapossessioncausesimpatience.Experiencesareenjoyablefromtheveryofplanning,thewaythroughtoyoukeepforever.Thetemporaryhappinessachievedbybuyingthingscanberegardedas“puddles(坑)ofpleasure.”Inotherwords,thatkindofhappinessevaporates(蒸发)quicklyleavesuswantingmore.Thingslastlongerthanexperiences,butthatremainarewhatmattermost.9．Theunderlinedphrase“peters”canbereplacedby_________________.A．diesawayBistoo．notrealDcoststoomuch10．WhatdoesGilovichthinkofexperiences?A．Experiencesdeliverless-lastinghappinessthanthings.B．Experiencescanexistinourforever.C．experiencestakeallpartsofourselves.D．Ourexperiencesarewhatseparatefromothers.

Whatcanbeinferredfrompassage?A．ExperiencescomparedwithotherB．experienceincreasesourfeelingofanxietyC．PeoplearemorelikelyimpatientwhenbuyingthingsD．Spiritualwealthisthevaluableforus12．Whichthemainideaofpassage?A．canwehappinesswithmoney?B．canwemakehappinesslastlong?C．shouldwespendexperiencesinsteadofD．doexperiencesachievepermanenthappinessthanthings?【案9A10．DD12．【析本文是一篇议论文，作论证说明了一个道为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物。词句猜测题。根据划线短语所句后一句提到getusedtopossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklythe们惯新有东，经人奋西很快就变成了常态可推断出新拥有的东西的快乐是短暂的会消对的同义词“dieaway，故选A。10.理解题二段提“Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesbecomeapartofidentity.Everyone'sexperienceunique.奇发现，体验比质更能带来持久的幸福。经历成为我们身份一部分。每个人的经历都是独一无二的维）认为经历是个人身份的象征，个人的历形成与他人的区别，故D理判断题。根据第二段首句“Thetroublewiththingsisthatthehappinesstheyprovidepetersout.”（问题是，事物所带来的快乐会渐消失段句“Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.（维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福最段最一句提到“Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthatremainarematter”（物能比经历更持久，但留下的记忆才是最重要，在作者的观点看来，事物可能留存的时间比经历久，但是并不能带来长久的幸福，而经历下的精神财富才是最重要的，故。12.大意题。通读全文内容知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来精神财富才是最重要的；再根据第一段句，引出文章主tomakecertainourlimitedmoneywellspent.whatshouldwespendour须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应把钱花在什么地方呢以本文主要想表达的主题“为什么要把钱花在经历，而不是事物，故选C（三）knowledgethattheinLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackat

observers,followingthemeyesmattertheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.Anewstudythattheinthepaintingactuallylookingoutanglethat’s4degreesofftotheobserver'sright-welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheysomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidstudyauthor,“Shenotlookingyou.”Thissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofagaze(凝)photographorpaintingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe"MonaLisaeffect".Thateffectabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,peopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeelarelookedat.Aslongastheangletheperson'sgazenomorethan5degreesofftoeitherside,effectoccurs.Horstmannandhisco-authorstudyingthiseffectforapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatars虚像whentooklonglookatthe“MonaLisa”realizedshewasn'tlookingathim.Tomakesureitwasn'tjusttheresearchersasked24peopleofthe“MonaLisa"onscreen.Theysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersected’sgaze.calculateangleofMonagazeshelookedattheviewer,theymovedrulerfartherfromorclosertoscreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomanin”portraitwaslookingstraightatthem,slightlyofftotheirSodopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemfollowtheviewer?Horstmannisnsure.It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplethedesirelookedat,sotheythinkthelookingstraightthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect”thoughtitacool13．Whatgenerallybelievedaboutthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”?A．Sheattractstheviewerstoback.BSheseemsmysteriousbecauseofeyes.CShefixeshereyesonofviewers.D．Shelookstheviewerswherevertheystand.14．Whatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheeffect?A．

B

C

D．15．wastheexperimentinvolving24peopleconducted?A．confirmHorstmann'sB．createartificial-intelligenceavatars.C．calculateangleofMonaLisa’sgaze.D．explainhoweffectbeapplied.16．Whatwelearnfromthetext?A．thinks’scoolcointheterm"MonaLisaeffect”B．MonaLisaeffectcontributestocreationofartificialintelligence.CFeelingbeinggazedatbyMonamaycausedbythedesireforattentionD．Thepositionoftherulertheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers'judgment【案13.D14.B15.A16.C【析这是一篇议文章过析芬的画丽莎给人的误解进释了人们注视对方时的角度影响着被注视人的感觉。13解题章第一commonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'spaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingwitheyesnomattertheystandintheroom.”（们通常认为，达芬奇名画蒙娜丽似乎在回视着观察者，无论他们站在屋里的什么地方娜丽莎给人的感觉是，人们在注视她的同，她也在看着人们。故。14．细节理解题。根据文“Aslongastheangleoftheperson’sgazeismorethanaboutdegreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.个凝视的视角在任何两边不超过5度么蒙娜丽莎的效应就会生，左右5的范围是娜丽莎效应发生的视角条件B图句意。故选B15．推理判断题。根据文章第三sureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersaskedpeopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onscreen.了确不只是他有这样的感觉，他邀请了24个看电脑屏幕上的蒙娜丽莎图像用个做实验，只是为了验证自己的想法。故选。16．推理判断题。根据文章最后段“Itpossible,hesaid,peoplethedesirelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanlookingstraightthem.（，很可能是人们有被视的渴望，所以他们认为这个女人在看着他们，大多数人觉蒙娜丽莎看着自己，其实都是自己的错觉。故C（四）Gettingstuckgiftswenotwantisnosmallproblem.InasurveyacrosscountriesEurope,meanwhile,

1in7saidtheywereunhappywithwhattheyreceivedforChristmas,yetmorehalfsimplykepttheWhycanmoregiftsbepassedalongtopeoplewhoappreciatethem?PeopleinapublishedtheJournalofConsumerBehaviour,forinstance,usedsuchasguilty,lazy,thoughtlessanddisrespectfulindescribingtheirfeelingsaboutregifting.Popularculturecastsitastaboo禁),aswell.However,ourresearchwithFrancisJ.Flynn,aprofessororganizationalbehavioratStanfordUniversity’sGraduateofBusiness,suggeststheshameassociatedwithregiftinglargelyunwarranted.Indeed,ourresearchconsistentlytellsusthatpeopleoverestimatenegativeconsequences.Weaskedpeopleimaginethemselvesas“giver,”whogivessomeoneacardlaterlearneditregifted.Thegeneralattitudeoftheoriginalgivers“Ityourgift,youwantwithit.”Next,askedgiverstoregiftingsupposedwristwatchwiththrowingittheFortheoriginalgivers,regiftingthewatchwasamuchoffensiveactthantrashingit.Finally,weinvitedtolabatStanfordpeoplerecentlyreceivedpresents,anddividedthepeopleintotwogroups.wegavethefirstgroupanopportunitytoregiftthatpresent,didso.Whenwegavethesecondgroupthesameopportunity,weaddeditwas“NationalRegiftingDay”.wasn'treallyNationalRegiftingDay,thegroupdidnknowthat:ofthemagreedtoregift.Everyonehasreceivedunwantedgiftsintheirlives,andgenerallywillreceivetheresearchofferssimplesolutiontothatproblem.holidayseason,considerregifting,andencouragereceiversofgiftstodothesameifwhatthemisn'tquitetheyfor.17．doestheauthormentionthestudyJournalofConsumerBehaviour?A．highlighttheimportanceofregifting.B．showpeople’sattitudesregifting.C．challengetherightnessofregifting.D．expresshisconcernforregifting.18．Whattheoftheunderlinedword“unwarranted”?A．Unnecessary.C．Unimportant.19．Whatweknowabouttheresearch?A．simplykeptunwantedgifts.B30%knowNationalRegiftingDay.C．Giversgenerallydidn’tmindregifting.D．Receiverstendedtotrashunwantedgifts.20．Whatweconcludefromthe

B．DUnconscious.

A．Regiftingisoffensive.C．Regiftingispopular.

B．isforbidden.DRegiftingisacceptable.【案17．B18．1920D【析本文是一篇议论文。文主要讲述了人们对转送礼物的看法和态度以及对此进行的调查究。17．推理判断题。根据第二段的PeopleinastudypublishedintheJournalofConsumerBehaviour,forinstance,usedsuchwordsasguilty,thoughtlessdisrespectfulindescribingtheirfeelingsabout可，《费者行为杂志》上发表的一项研中，人们用罪恶，懒惰，轻率和无礼的词语来形容他们对转送物的感觉。从而推断出，作者在《消费者行杂志》中提到该研究是想表明人们对转送礼物的态度。故B18．词义猜测题。根据第二段的Popularcultureittaboo禁),aswell.可，多人为得的礼物转送出是一个禁忌就应该送出去第段使however词进行了转折而没那么多人觉得这是禁忌，表示这种情是被高估了的。再根据第三段Indeed,ourresearchconsistentlytellsusthatpeopleoverestimatenegativeconsequences.知，研究表明人们高估了与转送礼物相关的耻的负面后果。可以猜测出上一句意思是与礼物相关的耻辱在很大程度上是没有必要的为估了它以可以猜出unwarranted的“要”选。19．细节理解题。根据第四段的Thegeneralattitudeoforiginalwas:“Ityourgift,whatyouwantwith“可原送礼者的总体态度是“这是您的礼物，随您便吧由此可知，一般来说，送礼者都不介意把礼物给别人。故选C20．推理判断题。根据最后一段holidayseason,considerregifting,andencouragereceiversofyourgiftstodothesameifwhatthemisn'tquitethey鼓励收到你的物的人可以将不喜欢的礼物转送给别人。由此可知，这是在鼓人们转送礼物，即转送礼物是可以接受的。故D（五）Iaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.haveforlongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,readingupthreebooksaasaStorieswereliketoandwhilekidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughtheIcheckedfromtheMyfirstjobwasattheUkiahLibraryIyearswasjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtochildrenforstorytime.Asgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenbookswereourmainsource(来)entertainment.Itwasabigforusloaduptothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadortheytoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIactingthestorieswithmyvoicetheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetowithmychildrenanditwithwondermentofbooks.Now,seemychildrentakingchildrenthelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtolibrary

livesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereadersgototheirlocallibrarywhenthey’ttopurchaseaboo