高中英语人教版Unit5Themeparks【省一等奖】

Unit5ThemeparksWarmingUp,Pre-readingandReadingTeachinggoals1.Targetlanguagea.重点词汇和短语themepark,provide...with...,amuseoneself,various,avarietyof,shuttle,charge...for,admission,makeaprofit,souvenir,baseon,involve...in,athletic,b．重点句子1)Intheseparks,peoplesitchatting,playgames,listentobirds’singing,orjustrelaxabit.2)Theyaresuchhugeplacesthatvisitorsoftenuseshuttlestogetaround.3)Thebigcompaniesthatownthemeparksexpecttomakeaprofitnotjustbythechargesforadmission,butalsobysellingsouvenirsintheirshopsandadvertisingthemontelevision.2.AbilitygoalsEnablethestudentstoknowsomethingaboutthevariousthemeparksallovertheworld,tounderstandthedifferencebetweenathemeparkandatraditionalparkandtrytofinishthecomprehendingexercises.LearningabilitygoalsLearnhowtogeneralizeandcomparethesimilaritiesanddifferences.TeachingimportantpointsTosolvethequestionsinComprehending,andletthestudentsfindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph,giveasummaryofthetext.TeachingdifficultpointsHowtogiveageneralinstruction/descriptionofaplace.TeachingmethodsListening;Skimming;Scanning;Task-based.TeachingaidsArecorderandacomputer.ThefirstperiodreadingStepIRevisionT:Goodmorning/afternoon,boysandgirls!Firstlet’shaveadictationaboutthewordsandphrasesinUnit4.Takeoutapieceofpaper,please.major,local,represent,Columbia,introduce,approach,touch,strange,express,belikelyto,general,avoidspoken,misunderstand,punish,ateaseT:Now,handinyourpaperplease;I’llcheckyourworkafterclass.StepIIWarmingupT:Let’slookatthepicturesonP33.Thesearefourpicturesofdifferentparks—AgardeninSuzhou,HydeParkinLondon,WorldWaterparkinCanada,Disneyland.Whatkindofparksarethey?T:Verygood.SowhataboutWorldWaterparkinCanada?T:Whichoneoftheseparkswouldyouliketovisitmostifyouhavethechance?Sa:OfcourseIwouldgotoDisneyland.IhavewatchedsomuchaboutitonTVandI’vebeendreamingaboutshakinghandswiththoselovelycartooncharactersandtakingpictureswiththem.Sb:IwouldliketogotoWaterpark,becauseIlikeswimmingandIliketotakepartintheactivitiesinwaterinthispark.Sc:IwouldgotoHydePark.Iwanttogohorse-riding,andaboveall,havetheexperienceofmakingaspeechinfrontofacrowdofpeoplelikeapresident.That’llbereallyexciting.…StepIIIReadingSkimmingT:It’sinterestingtolistentoyourideas.Todaywearegoingtostudyapassageaboutthemeparks.ThetitleisTHEMEPARKS—FUNANDMORETHANFUN.Iwouldlikeyoutoreadthepassagequicklyforthefirsttimetogetageneralideaofthepassage.Atthesametime,pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.(3minuteslater)T:Haveyougotthemainideaofthepassage?Whocantellmethetopicsentencesofsixparagraphs?TopicsentencesParagraph1.Parksprovidepeoplewithaplacetoamusethemselvesandtoescapetheirbusylivesforawhile.Paragraph2.Inrecentdecades,however,manyparkshavebeendesignedtoprovideentertainment.Paragraph3.Themeparkshaveacertainidea—acertaintheme—thatthewholeparkisbasedon.Paragraph4.Somearehistoryorculturethemeparks.Paragraph5.TheoldestthemeparkintheworldisDisneyland,builtnearLosAngeles,Paragraph6.Otherthemeparksincludingmarineoroceanparks,sciencethemeparks,andfuturethemeparks.ScanningT:Afterthefirstreading,wehaveallgotageneralideaofthepassage.SoIwouldlikeyoutoreaditcarefullyagainandtrytofindtheanswerstothesedetailedquestions.Teachershowsthequestionsonthescreen.1.Whatisthebasicpurposeofthemeparks?Whatdopeopledothere?2.Dotheseparkschargepeopleforadmission?3.Whatisthepurposeofathemepark?4.Whatisthedifferencesbetweenathemeparkandanordinarypark?Differences Ordinaryparks ThemeparksActivities Size Facilities Charges Souvenirs5.Whatactivitieswillbeofferedtovisitorsinasportsthemepark?6.Cantheydoshoppingthere?Whatcantheybuy?7.Whatcanvisitorsseeanddoinhistoryorculturethemeparks?8.WhatisDisneylandlike?Whatcanvisitorsdothere?9.Whatcanpeopledoinmarineoroceanthemeparks,sciencethemeparksandfuturethemeparks?(10minuteslater)T:Haveyougottheanswers?Iwouldlikesomeofyoutoanswerthequestions.Let’slistenandcheckwhethertheyhavegotthemcorrectly.Teacherschecksomestudentsfortheanswers.suggestedanswers1.Thebasicpurposeofaparkistoprovidepeoplewithaplacetoamusethemselvesandtoescapetheirbusylivesforawhile.Intheseparks,peoplesitchatting,playgames,listentobirds’singing,orjustrelaxabit.Andfamiliesgotheretohavepicnicsorhavefuntogetherinotherways.2.Theseparkschargepeoplelittleornomoneyforadmission.3.Thepurposeofathemeparkistoprovideentertainment.4.Seethefollowingtable.DifferencesOrdinaryparks ThemeparksActivitiesridessuchasaFerriswheel,merry-go-roundofarollercoaster. avarietyofthingstoseeanddoSizeusuallynotverylarge hugeplacesthatvisitorsoftenuseshuttlestogetaroundFacilities norestaurantsorhotelsrestaurants,hotelsandshopsChargeschargelittleornonechargeforadmissionSouvenirs sellnosouvenirssellsouvenirsintheirshops5.Asportsthemeparkwilloffervisitorssportstoplayorwatch.6.Yes.Theycanbuysportsequipmentorclothing,suchasbasketballs,footballs,sneakersandsoon.7.Visitorscanseehowourancestorsdressed,workedandlived;andhowspecialgroupsofpeopledresstoday,whattheyeatandwhattheirhomeslooklike.Theymightgoforridesonanimals,helpcookculturalfoodsorhavetheirpicturestakenintheclothingofemperorsorofminoritypeople.8.Disneylandissodifferentfromotherparksthatitseemedlikeaplaceoffantasy.VisitorscanenjoyseeingthecharactersfromDisneyfilms,goonexcitingrides,visitstocastlesandgetclosetolife-sizecartoonfigures.TheycanalsoseemodelvillagesoflifeinthepastwhichshowhowtheearlysettlersinAmericalived.9.Peoplecanseeandswimwithdolphinsandlearnaboutoceanlifeinanoceanpark;Theycantakeanactivepartinexperimentsinasciencethemepark;Theycangoonimaginarytripstospaceanduseadvancedcomputertechniquestoexperiencelifeinthefuturepark.StepIVComprehending(P34)Part1T:Let’slookbackatthetitleofthepassage.THEMEPARKS—FUNANDMORETHANFUN.Whydoesthewriterthinkthatthemeparksareplacesfunandmorethanfun?Iwouldlikeyoutothinkaboutthisquestionandtellmeyouropinions.S:Inmyopinion,itmeansthatthemeparksaremorethanamusementparkswithrides,suchasaFerriswheel,merry-go-roundorarollercoaster,theyaresuchhugeplacesthatvisitorsoftenuseshuttlestogetaround,andtheyhavealotofthingstoseeanddo.Sotheyareplacesfunandmorethanfun.Part2T:Wehavereadaboutsomeofthedifferentthemeparksintheworld.Haveyoueverthoughtofthisquestion:Whydopeoplebuildsomanydifferentthemeparks?Iwouldlikeyoutohaveaclassdiscussionandtellme3purposesforpeoplebuildingthemeparksaccordingtothispassage.(Sometimelater)T:Pleaseexpressyourideas.SuggestedanswersPurpose1:toprovideentertainment.Explanation1:becausetheyhaveavarietyofthingstoseeanddo.Purpose2:tomakeaprofitbychargingforadmissionandsellingsouvenirs.Explanation2:becausetheyallchargemoneyforadmissionofthehotels,restaurants,andfortheridesandshowsintheparksaswell,andtheysellalotofsouvenirs.Purpose3:toprovidepeoplewithsomeunusualexperiences.Explanation3:becausethereareparksforpeopletoexperiencethelifeinthepast,inthefuture,intheoceanandsoon.Part3T:Let’ssumupthemainideaofeachparagraph.SuggestedanswersParagraph1:Parksprovidepeoplewithaplacetoamusethemselvesandtoescapetheirbusylivesforawhile.Paragraph2:Themeparkshavebeendesignedtoprovideentertainmentwithavarietyofthingstoseeanddo.Paragraph3:Themeparkshaveacertainidea/themethatthewholeparkisbasedon.Paragraph4:Thehistoryandculturethemeparks.Paragraph5:TheDisneyland.Paragraph6:Theoceanparksandthesciencethemeparks.Themeofthepassage:ThemeparksStepVDiscussionT:Ifyouhaveenoughtimeandmoney,wouldyouliketogotravelingtoseethenaturalbeautyofthecountryorgothethemeparkstoenjoytheexcitingexperiences?Givereasonsforyourchoice.a)Teacherdividestheclassintogroupsoffour.Eachgrouptriestoreachanagreementandtocollectasmanyreasonsaspossiblefromthegroupmembers.b)Afterthediscussion,theteacherasksastudentfromeachofthegroupstoreportthedecisionoftheirgroupandtogivetheirreasonsforthedecision.StepVIHomeworkRememberallthenewwordsandphrasesinthereadingpassage.Writeasummaryofthereadingpassageusingthenewwords.Unit5ThemeparksVocabularyandUsefulExpressions重点难点

1．Parksprovidepeoplewithaplacetoamusethemselvesandescapetheirbusylivesofrawhile.

amuseoneself自我娱乐，消遣

escapev.“逃脱”，液体等“漏出”，“逃避”，被…遗忘

escapedeath死里逃生

2．Thoughparkssharethisbasicpurpose,theyfindvariouswaystomeetthisneed.

meet可与need,requirement等名词连用，表示“满足…需要，要求”等。

3．Thebigcompaniesthatownthemeparksexpecttomakeaprofitnotjustbythechargesforadmission,butalsobysellingsouvenirsintheirshopsandadvertisingthemontelevision.

by通过…方式或手段；advertising与selling并列，其前面省略了by.

notjust…butalso=notonly…butalso…(有时省略also)

4．Itspurposeistoinvolvevisitorsinphysicalexerciseandathleticcompetition.

involve…in使参与…；使介入…

5．…andtherearefutureparks,wherepeoplecangoonimaginaryintotospaceanduseadvancedcomputertechniquestoexperiencelifeinthefuture…

goonatrip(进行)旅行，还可以说takeatrip,makeatrip,haveatrip等

futureadj.未来的，将来的；n.未来，前途，前景

与future搭配的词组：infuture以后，今后；inthefuture在将来；inthedistantfuture在将来

6．WhenIdidfinallygotothethemepark,Ifoundthatitwasverydifferent.

运用语气副词，如：really,extremely,certainly,ofcourse,only等

使用强调句型：itis/was+被强调的部分+that+其它部分

在一般现在时和一般过去时的陈述句中，可在动词原形前加do,does,did来加强语气。译为“确实，务必”

7．HowaboutatriptoBraziltoexperiencesurvivinganairplanecrashinajungle?

howabout接动名词或动词-ing形式表示“…怎么样,…行吗？”相当于whatabout

功能句型

问路（Askingtheway）

Howfaris/are…?It’sabout10minuteswalk.

Howcanwegetto…?It’sabout200metersaway.

It’sjustbehindthe…Overthereisthe…

Can/Couldyoutell/showmewhere…?Downthepathyoucansee…

Godownthispathandturnleft/rightatthefirstturning.

重点单词及短语

单词

①amusevt.使（某人）笑，娱乐，消遣

amusementn.娱乐，消遣

②variousadj.不同种类的，各个的，各种各样的

varietyn.变化，多样化

variety(ofsth.)各种各样的

③chargev.索价，指控，进攻；n.费用，主管

④advancev.前进，促进，提前

advancedadj.在生命或进程中远远在前的，高深的，高级的，先进的

⑤minorityn.少数，未成年，小团体

⑥aliveadj.活着的，活泼的，有活力的

aliveandkicking生机勃勃，精神饱满

⑦admissionn.允许进入或获准进入某建筑物，入场费，承认，坦白

⑧profitn.收益，利润，好处；v.从（经验，失误中）吸取教训

profitbysth.

profitfromsth.得益于某事物，从…中获益

⑨imaginationn.想象力，空想，幻想物

imaginev.想象，设想

imaginaryadj.幻想的，虚构的

imaginativeadj.富于想象力

⑩up-to-dateadf.现代的，时新的

短语

makeaprofit赢利

cometolife活跃起来

benamedafter以…取名

getcloseto接近

base…on/upon基于，以…为根据Unit5ThemeparksListening,SpeakingandWriting教案Teachinggoals1. TargetlanguageTeachthestudentshowtousethetargetlanguagelearnedinthisunit.2. AbilitygoalsEnablethestudentstowriteanintroductiontoathemeparkandtogivesomedetailedinformationaboutit,tomakeaposteraboutathemeparkoramusementpark.3. LearningabilitygoalsLearnhowtointroduceaplaceandhowtowriteaposter.TeachingimportantpointsHowtointroduceaplaceindetailandhowtowriteaposter.TeachingmethodsCooperativelearning;Task-basedlearning.Teachingprocedures&waysStepIWriting(P39)T:Today,wearegoingtodothewritinginthisunit.Let'sturntoPage39andreadtherequirementforWritingfirst.T:Soyouaregoingtowriteanintroductiontoathemepark.First,Iwouldlikeyoutoworkingroupsoffour.Hereisaformofeachofthegroups.Pleasediscusswithyourpartnersandcompletethisform.Theteachergivesthefollowingformtoeachofthegroups.ThethemeoftheparkHowtogettothepark3oftheactivitiesintheparkHowtogettothesitesofthese3activitiesAdmissionfeetotheseactivitiesAdmissionfee(Fiveminuteslater.)T:Ok,haveyoucompletedyourform?NowIwouldlikeyoutostartwritingyourintroductionaccordingtotheinformationyouhavewritteninyourform.(Tenminuteslater.)Asksomestudentstoreadtheirintroductionandmakecommentsontheirwork.Studentshandintheirworktolettheteachercheckthere-sultafterclass.SamplewritingWelcometoChinaFolkCultureVillages.OurparkisinthewestoftheShenzhenCity.Youcangetherebybuseasily.Inthispark,youwillenjoyseeingthedifferentlifestylesofthedifferentminoritypeopleandlearnabouttheircultures.Besides,youcanenjoytheirwonderfulperfor-mancesattheShenshouTheatre,whichisneartheexitofthepark.Youmayjustgothereonfoot.Ifyouarehungry,walktotheEatingStreetbehindthetheatretotreatyour-selftothevariousfoodofdifferentflavors.Allthefoodthereisdeliciousbutcheap.Travelinginthisparkwon'tcostyoutoomuch.Theadmissionfeetotheparkis90yuan.Andalltheactivitiesintheparkarefree.SowhynotcometoenjoyyourselfattheChinaFolkCultureVil-lages?Youaresuretohaveagreattime!StepHWritingtask(Page75)T:Youalldidquitewellinwritinganintroduction.Nowlet'scometothewritingofaposter.PleaseturntoPage75,andlookattheWritingtask.Here,youarere-quiredtowriteaposteraboutathemeoramusementpark.First,lookattheformatofaposter.Theteachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.AlargeheadingAsmallerheadingThedetailedinformation(usingthesmallestsizewriting)T:Sothisistheformatofaposter.AndwecanreadtheexampleonPage75forreference.T:Doyouknowhowtowriteaposternow?Ok,Iwouldlikeyoutoworkwithyourpartnerandworkoutaposterforatheme/amusementpark.Areyouready?Let'sgo.Afewminuteslater,theteacheraskssomestudentstoreadouttheirpostersandgivescommentsonthem.SamplewritingEnjoyeveryminutehereseethethree-dimensionalmoviesrideontheroller-coasterswim,playandsunbatheontheMayaBeachtravelinthespaceshuttlewatchtheexoticperformancesgoonanadventureonthecanoestakepartintheactingofamoveAllactivitiesbringyouultimateexcitementandrelaxation.Unit5ThemeParksGrammarandUsefulStructuresAsamplelessonplanforLearningaboutLanguage(Wordformation)AimsTohelpstudentslearnaboutwordformation.Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructures.ProceduresI.WarmingupWarmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsTurntopage35anddoexercisesNo.1,2,3and4first.Checkyouranswersagainstyourclassmates’.II.LearningaboutWordformationThebasicpartofanywordistheroot;toit,youcanaddaprefixatthebeginningand/orasuffixattheendtochangethemeaning.Forexample,intheword"unflattering,"therootissimply"flatter,"whiletheprefix"un-"makesthewordnegative,andthesuffix"-ing"changesitfromaverbintoanadjective(specifically,aparticiple).Englishitselfdoesnotuseprefixesasheavilyasitoncedid,butmanyEnglishwordscomefromLatin,whichusesprefixesandsuffixes(youcanusethewordaffixtorefereithertoaprefixorasuffix)quiteextensively.Forexample,thewords"prefix,""suffix,"and"affix"themselvesareallformedfrom"fix"bytheusedofprefixes:•"ad"(to)+"fix"(attached)="affix"•"pre"(before)+"fix"="prefix"•"sub"(under)+"fix"="suffix"Notethatboththe"-d"of"ad"andthe"-b"of"sub"changethelastletter.HerearesomeofthemostcommonLatinprefixes(forthemeaningsoftheLatinroots,lookupthewordsinagooddictionary):ab(away)abrupt,absent,absolvead(to)adverb,advertisment,afflictin(not)incapable,indecisive,intolerableinter(between,among)intercept,interdependent,interprovincialintra(within)intramural,intrapersonal,intraprovincialpre(before)prefabricate,prefacepreferpost(after)postpone,postscript,postwarsub(under)submarine,subscription,suspecttrans(across)transfer,transit,translateIII.ReadyusedmaterialsforWordformation了解了英语构词法是迅速扩大词汇量的有效途径之一。英语中有转化法、合成法、缀合法、派生法等构词方式，这里我们将向您陆续讲解比较常用的几种，希望对您的英语学习有所帮助。首先，来介绍一下构词法中的几个基本概念：词根（base,boot）：指同根词共有的可以辨认的部分。例如：philanthropist(慈善家)、anthropoid（类人的）、misanthropist（厌世者）、anthropology（人类学）这几个词中的词根anthropo-(人)就很容易辨认出来。词干（stem）：是未经词形变化的原词。前缀（prefix）和后缀(suffix)：原是独立的词或词根，由于经常缀在别的词或词根的前后，辅助中心意义，渐渐就失去了独立的意义和形式，而成为附加的构词部分。例如：co-(with)就是一个常见的前缀。通常把带有前后缀的新词叫做合成词，也有人把带有后缀的词叫做派生词。把一个词从一种词类转成另一种词类，可以用缀合法，如redadj.(红的)—toreddenv.（变红）；可以用改变词根的元音或辅音的办法，即元级派生法，如foodn.(食物)—tofeedv.（喂饭）；也可以原封不动，转成其他词类，如paleadj.(苍白的)——topalev.（脸变白），即转化法。这里，我们先来看看“转化法”中名词转成动词的一些例子。Hefilmedthestory./Hereproducedthestoryonafilm.他把这篇小说拍成电影。人身器官名称，用作动词，表示使用这种器官的动作。例如：Heshoulderedhiswaythroughthecrowd.(他用肩膀从人群中挤过去)此外，如tocheek(厚着脸说)、tofinger(摸索)、tohandaperson（用手领着）等。盛具或衣物的名称，用作动词，表示“盛”或者“装入”。例如：Hepocketedhisbookandpen.(他把钢笔、本子装进衣袋子)以及tobottle(装瓶)、tocan(装罐)、tosack(装在袋里)。表示地点的名词用作动词也有类似用法：tocorner(逼在角落)、toisland(隔离)、tonursery(放在温室里)等等。除此之外，还有动词、副词、助动词等转化成名词的用法，我们来看一些例子：Onanotherruntheyfailedtoseetheboat.他们第二次去的时候没有找到那只船。insandouts(来龙去脉)backandforth(问答)amust(必不可少的事)manyifs（许多条件）动词加副词转化为名词的例子也很多：Break-down(垮)、get-together(聚会)、set-back(挫折)、wash-out(废物)等。另外，形容词有时候也可以转成名词，如：thegreens(青菜)、greatsillies(大蠢人)下面，我们来学习一下“合成法（composition）”。凡是由两个或两个以上的构词成分，合成一个词，而其中每个成分又可以独立为词的，叫做合成词（compounds）,而这种构词法，叫做合成法。比如：coal-mine(煤矿)、man-made(人造的)。合成词的特有含义，不受词中各个成分连结方式的影响，它的写法由习惯而定，可以写在一起，如blackbird(画眉);可以用连词符号连接，如turn-coat(叛徒)；也可以分开写，如blacklist(黑名单)。注意，分开写的合成词，不仅仅在意义上，即使在形式上，也和词组有区别。比如blacksea里的black，不是独立的形容词，不能说veryblacksea。合成词各个成分之间关系千变万化，分类也有很多种，这里就合成词的词性，分类举例说明：1.合成名词名词+名词：前面的名词说明后面的名词，中心意义由后面的名词表达，比如，同是book,可以有accountbook，hand-book，note-book等等。前面的名词可以表示人、物、性别、器具、地点、时间、比喻对象等等。如：eye-shot(视力范围)、buck-rabbit（公兔）、night-school(夜校)、baby-husband（小女婿）等等。形容词+名词：这类词意义关系一目了然，有时候是实指，有时候是指物而拟人。如Blueprints(蓝图)，bighat（大人物）,double-face(两面派)等等。动名词+名词：动名词表示行为或状态的改变，名词往往表示所用的器物，地名等等，如consulting-room（诊室），writing-desk（写字台）。动词+名词：往往由短语动词变成，或者是转化与合成的结合，如pickpocket(扒手)，turn-coat(叛徒)等等。名词+动名词：很普遍，有时甚至可以随意构造，如book-learning（书本知识），word-making(构词)等等。前置词+名词：意义关系和“形容词+名词”类型相似：after-effects(后果)，by-product(副产品)等等。另外，国名的组合，有时候用“拉丁语+英语”的方式，如Afro-AsianPeople'sConference(亚非会议)、Sino-JapaneseWar(中日战争)SnakeRiverFallsSnakeRiverFallsisawhitewaterrapidboatridecomprisingtwoopenandtwocoveredchutes.Suitableforoneortworiders.Youmaygetwetonthisride.2.合成形容词形容词+名词：形容词和名词连用，原是短语，用做定语。固定下来，成为形容词，有的还只是nonce-words,也有合成名词作定语或转成形容词的情形：如full-timeworker（全职工）、long-rangegun(远程炮)等。形容词+形容词：这类词不算多，前面的形容词大都进一步说明后面的形容词，如：light-blue(浅蓝)、dead-alive(半死不活)。名词+过去分词：有被动意味，名词相当于前置词宾语，表示工具，行为者等，如:man-made(人造的)，moth-eaten(虫蛀的)。名词+现在分词：有主动意味，名词大都相当于行为的宾语，如：English-speakingpeople(说英语的人)，peace-loving（热爱和平的）形容词+现在分词：有主动意味，形容词相当于表语或者定语，如eager-seeming(样子急切)，easy-going（随和的）副词+分词：如half-baked(幼稚的)，far-seeing（有远见的）副词+形容词：over-anxious(过急)，all-roundathlete(全能选手)名词+形容词：名词大都作比喻的对象，如cock-sure(自恃)，paper-thin（薄如纸）3.合成动词合成动词大都是由“副词＋动词”组成的，这里“副词”多半表示动作的方向、程度等等。如：out表示超过tooutnumber（超过数目）toout-talk（压过别人的声音）；under表示不足、在下tounderdevelop（发育不全）tounderestimate（估计不足）tounderline（行下划线）等等。4.叠声合成词由同一个词重复，或稍加声音变化重叠而成。这类词往往是加重语气因而常带有感情色彩，比方，嘲讽。例：goody-goody（假殷勤）soso（不怎么样）wishwash（乏味的饮料）等等。5.句式合成词整个句子当作一个词用，有的已经固定下来，例如pick-me-up（兴奋剂），what's-his-name（某某人）。整个句子用作形容词的现象比较普遍，把复杂的概念揉成单纯的限制语使行文紧凑。Alet-bygones-be-bygonesmanner（一种“过去的就算了吧”的态度）anif-you-would-only-be-guided-by-meexpression（一种“要是你肯听了我的话够多好”的神气）我们接着来学习构词法中的第三类——“缀合法”，分前缀和后缀两部分来讲解。前缀有些词根或单词，由于经常放在别的词根或单词前面使用，经过长期的发展，失去了独立的作用，变成前缀。前缀具有一定含义，但不见得很明确。前缀缀在词上，可以改变、限制、或加强这个词的含义，而不改变其词类。一个词根或词，可以层层缀上好几个前缀，如in-com-pre-hen-si-ble-ness(不可理解)的词根是hen,pre-,com-都加强了其含义，而in-又把整个词义转为否定。凡由缀加前缀或后缀而成的词叫做派生词。前缀的缀合，有时是连写，如extraordinary,有时用连词符号如extra-territorial,有时被词根吸收如ancestor(ante-cessor)。前缀既然有一定的意义，为了便于识别，下面就按照一样相近的前缀，分类说明。（前缀的来源一律以缩写字母注：[OE]古英语；[OF]古法语；[L]拉丁；[GK]希腊；[IT]意大利等）表示否定的前缀，这类前缀可以分为四种：（1）纯粹表示否定的，如a-,dis-,in-；（2）表示“错误”的，有mis-；（3）表示“反动作”，如de-,un-；（4）表示“反对”的，有anti-,contra-（1）纯粹表示否定的。a-,an-[GK]能构成少数新词。加在名词、形容词上，表示