chapter 3国际物流设施

ContainerizationChapterThreechapteroutlineintroductiontocontainerandcontainerizationcontainernetworkcontaineroperationfreightrateforcontainertransportationcontainerbillofladingWhatisContainerizationContainerizationisamethodofdistributingmerchandiseinaunitizedformadoptinganinter-modalsystemwhichprovidesapossiblecombinationofsea,roadandothermodesoftransportation.Stowcargointostandard-sizeandreusablevans.Shipthecontainersinunitloadstoitsdestination.Containerizationhasreshapedmaritimeshippingindustryshortertransittimeandlesslabourbiggervesselsandbiggerportsarebuildedreductionoftransportcostrelocationofinternationalportsaround-the-worldtripbecomepossibleOperatingCostsofPanamaxandPost-panamaxContainerships(inUSD)PleasewatchtheVCRandfindouthowacontainerportisoperatedContainerstackingarea集装箱堆场Loadsequense装载顺序Crane起重机,吊车Lorry卡车，接驳车Straddlecarrier跨车AdvantagesofcontainertransportationTofacilitatemultimodaltransportationandachievedoortodoorserviceHow?ToensurethesafetyofcargoNotnecessarily

Toincreaseefficiencyoftransportation,reduceoperationalcostOffsetbyimbalanceofshipment,securityissue…

Howcontainersfacilitatemultimodaltransportationandachievedoortodoorservice?ContainerstandarizationStandardExternalContainerDimensions

ContainerLength

20ft

30ft

40ft40HQContainerWidth

8ft

8ft

8ft

8ftContainerHeight8ft6ins8ft6ins8ft6ins

9ft6ins

ContainertransportnetworkShipperconsigneeLocal/regionalLogisticshub

Local/regionalLogisticshubnational/internationalPortnational/internationalPortBranchPort(feederservice)BranchPort(feederservice)Truck,rail短途运输短途运输truck./railOceanvoyageAscontainermovealongthisnetwork,theycanbeeitherempty,loadedwithsingleconsignment(Fullcontainerload,FCL整箱运输),orloadedwithmultipleconsignments(Lessthancontainerload,LCL拼箱运输)UnderFCLoperation

Whatisshipper’sresponsibility?Whatiscarrier’sresponsibility?Incaseofproductshortageordamage,whoshouldberesponsible,shipperorcarrier?

FCLFCLcargoislargeenoughtocompletelyfillacontainer’svolumeNormally,FCLexportcargoarebroughttoacarrier’scontaineryard(集装箱堆场CY)afterbeingputinacontainerattheshipper’sfactoryorwarehouse.Atthedestinationport,FCLcargoremaininthecontainerwhenbeinghandedovertoacarrier’sconsigneeataCY

shipperCYCYconsigneeUnderLCLoperationWhatisshipper’sresponsibility?Whatiscarrier’sresponsibility?Incaseofproductshortageordamage,whoshouldberesponsible,shipperorcarrier?

LCLLCLcargoisusuallysmall-lotcargonotsufficientenoughtoloadafullcontainerLCLcargoarebroughttoacarrier’scontainerfreightstation(集装箱货运站CFS)wheretheyareconsolidatedbythecarriertogetherwithotherLCLcargoboundforthesamedestination.Attheportoflanding,thecargoesareremovedfromcontainerbythecarrierataCFS,sortoutandthenhandedovertoeachconsigneeshipperCFSCFSCYCYconsignee18集装箱运输货物的交接方式整箱交，整箱接（FCL/FCL）

拼箱交，拆箱接（LCL/LCL）

整箱交，拆箱接（FCL/LCL）

拼箱交，整箱接（LCL/FCL）

集装箱运输货物的交接地点DoorCYCFSDoorCYCFSDifferenttypesofcontainerservice(9)CY/CYContainerService

TheCY/CY(readas'CYtoCY')containerservice---broadlymeansthatthewholecontainerreceivedbythecarrierispackedattheshipper'sortheforwarder'swarehouse,andthedeliveryofthatsamewholecontainertotheconsignee'swarehouses.Inarelatedterm,door-to-doorservice,referstoatypeoffreightserviceavailablefromaforwarderwherebythecargoispickedupattheshipper'swarehouseanddeliveredtotheconsignee'swarehouses.CY/CFSContainerService

broadlymeansthattheshipperpacksthecontainerinhisownwarehouseandthensendittocarrieratContainerYard,andthatsamewholecontainerisemptiedattheCarrier'sContainerFreightStationattheportofdestination,theconsigneearrangesthedeliveryoftheloosecargofromthecontainerfreightstationtohis/herwarehouse.

CFS/CYContainerService

broadlymeansthatthedeliveryoftheloosecargotothecarrier'sContainerFreightStationattheportoforiginispackedintothewholecontainer,andthedeliveryofthatsamewholecontainertotheContainerYardatthedestinationport,consigneethenpickupthewholecontainerfromCY.

CFS/CFSContainerServicebroadlymeansthatthedeliveryoftheloosecargotothecarrier'scontainerfreightstationattheportoforiginispackedintothewholecontainer,andthatsamewholecontainerisemptiedatthecarrier'scontainerfreightstationattheportofdestination.Theconsigneearrangesthedeliveryoftheloosecargofromthecontainerfreightstationtohis/herwarehouse.ToensurethesafetyofcargoNotnecessarily

Whenthecontainertransportsystemwasbeingdesignedandrolledout,theinitialassumptionwasthatusingcontainerswouldsubstantiallysimplifyorcompletelysolvemanyproblemsrelatingtocaringfor,packagingandmaintainingthequalityofcargoesduringmaritimetransport.Itwassoonobvious,however,thatsimplyputtingthegoodsinsidethecontainerwasnotenough,thatinadditiontosimplifyingmattersnewproblemsaroseintermsofmaintainingquality

Theriskfactorsare:

TemperatureGases,Self-heating/Spontaneouscombustion

自燃MechanicalinfluencesHumidity/MoistureToxicity

Hazards危险tohealthVentilation通风Odor臭气Shrinkage/Shortage/TheftContamination

污染Insectinfestation/DiseasesTheseissuescanbeaddressedinthreeways1.thedevelopmentofspecialcontainersinordertoadaptthemtotherequirementsofthegoods

Ventilatedcontainer通风集装箱,refrigerated

container冷藏集装箱,open-topcontainer敞顶集装箱…2.increasingthe"fitnessforcontainertransport"ofthegoodsbyadditionaltreatment(e.g.drying,preservation)orbysuitablepackaging

“fitnessforcontainertransport”meansthecargocanwithstandthecryptoclimate内部小环境inastandardcontainer

3.providingappropriatecargocareforcontainerscarryingcriticalproductsbyselectingasuitabletypeofcontainerandstowagespace,stuffing装箱thecargoproperlyFindtherightcontainerforyourcargoHowtostuffyourcargoproperlyBuffermaterialsbetweencargoestoavoid

scratchesandcollisionDistributethecargowithoutanygapsovertheentirefloorMakesurethecargoestobestowedtogetherhavecompatiblecharacteristicsCertaindrawbacksofContainertransportation:

AdditionalcostsContainerisationincreasesthefuelcostsoftransportandreducesthecapacityofthetransportasthecontaineritselfmustbeshippedaround.Butformostgoodstheincreasedfuelcostsanddecreasedtransportefficienciesaremorethanoffsetbythehandlingsavings.Hazard安全隐患Thereareconcernsonusingcontainerforsmugglingandcontainersthatlostatsea(ashippinghazardthatisdifficulttodetect)Emptycontainers空箱调运成为难题insomecases,thecostoftransportinganemptycontainertoaplacewhereitcanbeusedisconsideredtobehigherthantheworthoftheusedcontainer.Readmaterialandanswerquestions:WhatcausetheshortageofdryandreefercontainersinsomepartofUS?Shortageofcontainermeanshighercostforbothcarrierandshipper,whatweretheirrespondstoprotecttheirinterest?Repositioningemptycontainerstakeuplotsofspaceinavesselandhasalwaysbeenagreatconcernforthecarriers,whytherearesomanyofthemthatneedtobemovedanddoyouhaveanyideatohelpcarriertosavecost?FreightrateforContainertransportationFeesandChargesForFullContainerLoad:FREIGHT=Noofcontainer*boxrate包箱费率+Surcharges附加费Whatisboxrate?TheflatratepercontainerforFCLIsconvenientinsimplifyingthefreightcostcalculationinconsignmentsconsistingofwiderangeofproductsSurcharges:BAF:BunkerSurcharge(bunkeradjustmentfactor,alsoknownasfuelsurcharge,asampleof"percentage"surcharge,whichmustbeaddedtotheseafreightrate燃油附加费)CAF:CurrencySurcharge(currencyadjustmentfactor

货币贬值附加费PCS:PortCongestionSurcharge港口拥挤附加费ORC:OriginReceiveCharges本地收货费用THC:TerminalHandlingCharges码头操作费DOC:Documentcharges文件费Surcharges:TransshipmentSurcharge转船附加费DeviationSurcharge绕道附加费PortSurcharge港口附加费Heavyliftadditional/Extrachargesonheavylifts超重费(over5M/T)Lengthycargoadditional/Extrachargesonoverlengths超长费(over9m)Bulkycargoadditional超大费(over6cbm)Additionalondirect直行附属费Notatbasicport,volumeover1000M/TAdditionalonoptionaldischargingport选卸港附属费Additionalforalternationofdestination变更卸港附属费Qotationexample:始发港目的港

20GP/40GP/40HC附加费Guangzhou--LOSANGELES1640/2050/2310ORC,BAF,DOC/schi/ourservices/eservices/tariffandratesForLCL:FREIGHT=Nooffreightton运费吨*freightrate(perFT)+surchargesExample:ORIGIN:CFSLosAngeles,CA,USADESTINATION:CFSRome,ItalyETT:33DAYS(ETT-EstimatedTransitTime).OCEANFREIGHTRATEPERFREIGHTTON:USD130W/M;

MINIMUM1FT

orUSD130BAF17%(BAF-BunkerAdjustmentFactor)CAF3%(CAF–CurrencyAdjustmentFactor)DOC-USD15pershipment–(INTERNATIONALSEAFREIGHTBILLOFLADINGFEE

)ThenyourALL-INCFS-CFS

internationaloceanfreightratewillbe??WhatisW/MW(weightton)–calculatedpermetrictononweight,suitableforheavygoods(重货一公吨为一个重量吨） M(measurementton)–calculatedpercubicmeter(CBM)onmeasurement,suitableforlightgoods（轻货一个立方米为一体积吨） W/M–onthebasisofeitherweighttonormeasurementton(bothunderthenameoffreightton),subjecttothehigherone,suitableforgoodswithhighvalue(Note:1WT=1MT)Note:Typically

LCLoceanfreight

ratesarecalculated

isBYVOLUME(percubicmeter/cubicfoot)butNOTBYWEIGHT.Sincecargovesselscapacityisnotreallylimitedbyweightofcargobutbytheholdoftheship,ingeneralWEIGHTOFLCL

FREIGHTISNOTAPRICINGFACTOR$(130+130X0.17+130X0.03)perfreightton+$15

tothetotaloceanfreightrate=$156+$15=$171Let'sassumethatyou

exportfromtheUSA

3.25cubicmetersofcargowhichweight2.65ton.

Youself-deliverittoCFSth