basic nitrogen safety氮气安全基础知识

氮气安全基础知识

BasicNitrogenSafety

2TrainingObjective培训目标PhysicalandChemicalPropertiesoftheNitrogen氮的基本物理化学特性NitrogenHazardsIdentification氮的危险性辨识NitrogenHandlingandStorageSafety氮的处理和储存安全Bytheendofthistraining,youwillbeabletoknow:

培训结束后应了解：3氮的基本物理化学特性Undercertainconditions,nitrogencanreactviolentlywithlithium,neodymium,titanium[above1472°F(800°C)],andmagnesiumtoformnitrides.Athightemperatureitcanalsocombinewithoxygenandhydrogen.高温，直接接触锂，钕，钛，镁。在特定条件下会与锂，钕，钛（超过800°C），镁形成氮化物，高温下还会与氢气，氧气反应。APPEARANCE:Colorless,odorless,tastelessgasatnormaltemperatureandpressure.外观：常温常压下无色无味无臭的气体MELTINGPOINTat1atm熔点:-346°F(-210°C)BOILINGPOINTat1atm沸点:--320.44°F(-195.80°C)VAPORDENSITYat70°F(21.1°C)and1atm蒸汽密度:0.0724lb/ft3(1.160kg/m3)SPECIFICGRAVITY(Air=1)at70°F(21.1°C)and1atm对空气比重:0.967SOLUBILITYINWATER,vol/volat32°F(0°C)水中溶解性:0.023PERCENTVOLATILESBYVOLUME挥发性:100MOLECULARWEIGHT分子量:28.014NitrogenApplications氮气的应用

Nitrogenfindsuseindiversecommercialapplications,including:氮气被应用在不同的领域，包括：

ChemicalProcessing...化工工艺Food...食品PetroleumRecoveryandRefining...石油回收和精炼MetalProductionandFabrication...金属生产和加工Electronics...电子GlassManufacturing...玻璃制造ResearchandHealthServices..研究和健康服务Construction...建筑5HazardsIdentification危险辨识Asphyxiant窒息Decompressionsickness潜涵作业所致的减压病Hiddenhazardsisthemostdangerous!!!看不到的危险才是最大的危险！！！6Asphyxiant窒息Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Breathmorethan90%ofNitrogen,immediate

Asphyxiated.BreathpureNitrogen,1or2breathscouldendangeryourlife.

吸入含有高浓度（即大于90%）的氮气能造成迅速窒息。仅吸入一或二口纯氮气就可能引起死亡。Moderateconcentrationsmaycauseheadache,drowsiness,dizziness,excitation,excesssalivation,vomiting,andunconsciousness.Lackofoxygencankill.大约80%或更高的氮浓度能够对人们安全地进行工作的能力有不良影响。吸入富含氮气的空气可能引起头晕、倦睡、恶心、呕吐、流涎、减小精神警觉性、丧失知觉和死亡。Thesesymptomsaresimilartothoseofgeneralmalaiseandarenotrecognisedasasphyxiationbythevictim在过度暴露氮气的征兆或症状成为明显之前，人的生命可能已处于危险中。过度暴露于氮气的个人应当立即移送至新鲜空气处，应当迅速寻求医生医疗。注：液氮是一个氮气产生源。

7Decompressionsickness潜涵作业所致的减压病Decompression

sicknessresultsfromnitrogenbubblesforminginthetissuesorbloodstreamandmovingtootherareasofthebodyafterarapidreductioninthesurroundingpressureandischaracterizedbypaininthejointsandabdomen.bends.潜水员深替时，可发生氮的麻醉作用；若从高压环境下过快转入常压环境，体内会形成氮气气泡，压迫神经、血管或造成徽血管阻塞，发生“减压病”。

8ForbidAction禁忌使用氮气将不用于以下目的：

Tocleannormalsurface一般的表面清理，包括工艺区域、维修车间、室外工作区域和任何设备的外表面（此禁用并不适用于工艺使用氮气作为吹扫介质而且其排放是至一个受控的地方[如不可能有人员暴露于氮气的通风极好的地方]。）Todriverpneumaticgears.驱动气动工具Toreplacethetechnicsormeterair.作为替代或备用的工艺或仪表空气，除非书面的风险评估已认定所有潜在危害和风险减少措施已完成并且有书面的管理系统到位，以防人员不经意地暴露于氮气。Toputoutafireintheareawherepeoplestay.在一个有人或可能有人存在的区域中作为工程应急、整体充溢、灭火系统中用来灭火或冷却反应物料的介质9HandlingandStorageSafety操作和储存安全HandlingandstoragePraxairNitrogenProductSafetyNitrogen,compressed氮气（高压的）氮（低温液体）10Nitrogen,compressed高压氮气CAUTION!High-pressuregas.Cancauserapidsuffocation.Maycausedizzinessanddrowsiness.Self-containedbreathingapparatusmayberequiredbyrescueworkers.Underambientconditions,thisacolorless,odorless,inertgas.警告！高压气体。能快速使人窒息。引起昏迷，沉睡。营救人员可能要穿戴自助式呼吸设备。Inhalation.Asphyxiant.Effectsareduetolackofoxygen.Moderateconcentrationsmaycauseheadache,drowsiness,dizziness,excitation,excesssalivation,vomiting,andunconsciousness.Lackofoxygencankill.吸入危害：窒息性气体。由于缺氧，中等浓度会引起头痛，昏迷，昏睡，面色苍白，流口水，呕吐，失去知觉，缺氧死亡。11PROTECTIONOFFIREFIGHTERS:注意事项及措施：CAUTION!High-pressuregas.Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Evacuateallpersonnelfromdangerarea.Immediatelydelugecylinderswithwaterfrommaximumdistanceuntilcool;thenmovethemawayfromfireareaifwithoutrisk.Shutoffflowifyoucandosowithoutrisk.Self-containedbreathingapparatusmayberequiredbyrescueworkers.小心！高压气体。窒息性。缺氧会致人死亡。将危险区域的人员疏散，从远处向钢瓶喷水降温，在无危险的情况下，将钢瓶移出火灾区域并止住泄漏。营救人员按当时情况穿戴自给式呼吸器12AccidentalReleaseMeasures应急处理：CAUTION!High-pressuregas.Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Evacuateallpersonnelfromdangerarea.Useself-containedbreathingapparatuswhereneeded.Shutoffflowifyoucandosowithoutrisk.Ventilateareaormovecylindertoawell-ventilatedarea.Testforsufficientoxygen,especiallyinconfinedspaces,beforeallowingreentry.小心！高压气体。窒息性。由于缺氧而引起死亡。迅速疏散人群，进行隔离，限制出入。如有需要穿戴自给式呼吸器，在确认无危险的情况下，尽可能堵住泄漏，对该区域进行通风或将钢瓶移到通风处。再次进入前，一定要检测氧气的浓度。13PRECAUTIONSTOBETAKENINHANDLING操作注意事项：Protectcylindersfromdamage.Useasuitablehandtrucktomovecylinders;donotdrag,roll,slide,ordrop.Neverattempttoliftacylinderbyitscap;thecapisintendedsolelytoprotectthevalve.Neverinsertanobjectintocapopenings;doingsomaydamagethevalveandcausealeak.Useanadjustablestrapwrenchtoremoveover-tightorrustedcaps.Openvalveslowly.Closevalveaftereachuse;keepclosedevenwhenempty.Ifvalveishardtoopen,discontinueuseandcontactyoursupplier.使用合适的工具搬运钢瓶，切忌野蛮操作。密闭操作，加强通风。操作员必须经过专门培训，严格遵守操作规程，钢瓶瓶帽是为了防护阀门的，不得使用不合适的工具开具瓶帽，否则会损伤阀门。若瓶帽很难打开，则与供应商联系。不得将钢瓶作接地器械使用。PRECAUTIONSTOBETAKENINSTORAGE:储存注意事项：Storeandusewithadequateventilation.Alwayssecurecylindersuprighttokeepthemfromfallingorbeingknockedover.Installvalveprotectioncap,ifprovided,firmlyinplacebyhand.Storeonlywheretemperaturewillnotexceed125°F(52°C).Storefullandemptycylindersseparately.Useafirst-in,first-outinventorysystemtopreventstoringfullcylindersforlongperiods.应存放在通风良好处，存放时，钢瓶应处于直立状态，用链条固定，装好阀门保护罩。温度不高于52ºC的地方。空，满瓶分开储存。以先进先出的原则，保证满瓶勿长时间存放。14Nitrogen,RefrigeratedLiquidSafetyAttentionWARNING!Extremelycoldliquidandgasunderpressure.Cancauserapidsuffocation.Cancauseseverefrostbite.Maycausedizzinessanddrowsiness.Self-containedbreathingapparatusandprotectiveclothingmayberequiredbyrescueworkers.Underambientconditions,thisisacolorless,odorless,cryogenicliquid.警告！一定压力下深冷的液体和气体。将危险区域的人员疏散，从远处向钢瓶喷水降温，小心不要将水喷到容器的放空阀，不要与液态的氮气混合，因为这会导致快速结冰。在无危险的情况下，关闭泄漏，在无危险的情况下，将已经冷却的钢瓶移出火灾区域。救护人员可能需要穿戴自给式呼吸器。Forexposuretoliquid,immediatelywarmfrostbiteareawithwarmwaternottoexceed105°F(41°C).Incaseofmassiveexposure,removeclothingwhileshoweringwithwarmwater.Callaphysician.接触深冷液体，立即用不超过41°C的温水冲洗冻伤的部位。若有大面积接触深冷液体，除去衣物，用温水冲洗。就医。

Removetofreshair.Ifnotbreathing,giveartificialrespiration.Ifbreathingisdifficult,qualifiedpersonnelmaygiveoxygen.Callaphysician.窒息迅速转移到空气新鲜处，若无呼吸，进行人工呼吸。若呼吸困难，由专业人员输氧。就医。

15PROTECTIONOFFIREFIGHTERS:注意事项及措施：WARNING!Extremelycoldliquidandgasunderpressure.Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Evacuateallpersonnelfromdangerarea.Immediatelyspraycontainerswithwaterfrommaximumdistanceuntilcool,takingcarenottodirectsprayintoventsontopofcontainers.Donotdischargespraysintoliquidnitrogen;itwillfreezewaterrapidly.Shutoffflowifyoucandosowithoutrisk.Whencontainershavecooled,movethemawayfromfireareaifwithoutrisk.Self-containedbreathingapparatusandprotectiveclothingmayberequiredbyrescueworkers.警告！一定压力下深冷的液体和气体。液氮气化后有明显的气雾，液氮会引起严重的冻伤。钢瓶不得暴露在超过52摄氏度的环境中。液氮钢瓶有卸压装置。将危险区域的人员疏散，从远处向钢瓶喷水降温，小心不要将水喷到容器的放空阀，不要与液态的氮气混合，因为这会导致快速结冰。在无危险的情况下，关闭泄漏，在无危险的情况下，将已经冷却的钢瓶移出火灾区域。救护人员可能需要穿戴自给式呼吸器。

16AccidentalReleaseMeasures应急处理：WARNING!Extremelycoldliquidandgasunderpressure.Asphyxiant.Lackofoxygencankill.Evacuateallpersonnelfromdangerarea.Useself-containedbreathingapparatusandprotectiveclothingwhereneeded.Liquidcausesseverefrostbite,aburn-likeinjury.Shutoffflowifyoucandosowithoutrisk.Avoidcontactwithspilledliquidandallowittoevaporate.Ventilateareaofleakormovecontainertoawell-ventilatedarea.Testforsufficientoxygen,especiallyinconfinedspaces,beforeallowingreentry.警告！一定压力下深冷的液体和气体，窒息性。由于缺氧而引起死亡。迅速疏散人群，进行隔离，限制出入。如有需要穿戴自给式呼吸器，深冷液体会引起冻伤。在确认无危险的情况下，尽可能堵住泄漏。避免接触深冷的液体，让液体自然的蒸发，通风泄露的区域，对该区域进行通风或将钢瓶移到通风处。再次进入前，一定要检测氧气的浓度。17PRECAUTIONSTOBETAKENINHANDLING:操作注意事项：Donotgetliquidineyes,onskin,oronclothing.Neverallowanyunprotectedpartofyourbodytotouchuninsulatedpipesorvesselscontainingcryogenicfluids.Fleshwillsticktotheextremelycoldmetalandwilltearwhenyoutrytopullfree.Forliquidwithdrawal,wearfaceshieldandcryogenicgloves.Useasuitablehandtrucktomovecontainers.Alwayshandleandstorecryogeniccontainersinanuprightposition.Donotdroporti