高三英语一轮复习谓语动词的时态和语态复习讲义

动词的时态和语态一、时态的数轴的思维导图考点一、现在时一般现在时含义1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.在时间状语从句(assoonas,when,before,after,not....until....等)、条件状语从句(if,unless,aslongas...)中常用一般现在时表示将来Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Aslongasitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillhaveatriponschedule.常用的时间状语1）频率副词：often,usually,sometimes,always,seldom,hardly,never2）短语：every(day等),once/twicea(week等),on(Sunday等),inthe(morning等)，at(eight)，nowandthen，fromtimetotimeHeusuallygoestoschoolbybike.谓语动词形式：do/does谓语动词的被动语态：am/is/aredoneInthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheU.S,the“r”soundsattheendofthewordsaredropped.练习：用所给单词的适当形式填空Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_______(have)astronginfluenceonthedevelopmentofthechildren'scharacters.Ifyourcallisnotansweredwithintwominutes,you_______(advise)tohangupanddialagain.Wewillbelosingmoneythisyearunlessthatneweconomicplanofyours_________(work)miracle.It___________(turn)outthatmakingaplaniseasierthancarryingitout.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,__________(allow)morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.现在进行时1.定义1）表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为;2）表示现阶段（近段时间）正在进行的动作。标志性时间词1)以Look！或Listen！开头的句子Look！Thechildrenareplayinggamesoverthere.Listen！Who'ssingingintheclassroom？当句子中有now（现在），atthemoment（此时此刻）,atthismoment（此时此刻）时常表示说话时动作正在进行WearereadingEnglishnow.Differentpeoplearedoingdifferentthingsatthemomentintheworld.3）当表明现在是几点，某人正在做什么。It’s4:50.Wearehavingclass.谓语动词形式：am/is/aredoing谓语动词的被动语态：am/is/arebeingdone练习：Becauseofclimatechange,theicethatpolarbearsdependonforsurvival_______(disappear)slowly.Anewbridge_____________(build)overtheQiantangRiveratthemoment.Thepricesofhouses_______(rise)becausethedemandofthembecomemoreandmoregreat.Ifacomputercrashes,youwilllosethefileyou_______(work)unlessyousaveitregularly.现在完成时含义表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态刚刚完成或结束，而且对现在仍有影响。Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.China’shigh-speedrailwayshavegrownfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.--Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?--Sorry,Ihaven'tplayedthepianoforyears.常用时间状语副词：already,not....yet,just,ever,never,recently，before=1\*GB3①just常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后，表示“刚刚”Thetwoastronautshavejustreturnedfromthespacestation.②never表示否定,放在have/has后，表示“从未”HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.③ever用于疑问句中,表示“曾经”，句型为:Have/Has＋主语＋ever＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Haveyoueverbeentothefarm？④before用于句末，表示“以前”Thewomanhasneverheardofthatbefore.⑤yet用于否定句或疑问句句末，表示“仍，还”，not...yet表示“仍未，还未”.—Hasthetrainarrivedyet?—No,notyet.⑥already用于肯定句,have/has之后或句末，表示“已经”.Wehavealreadyfinishedit.Thetrainhasleftalready.⑦sofar用于句首或句末，表示“到目前为止，迄今为止”.Sofar,wehavevisitedthemoon.短语：uptonow,for/over+时间段，inthelast/past/recent+时间段,thesedays,since+时间点,since+时间段+ago，主句（现在完成时）+since+从句（一般过去时）Wehavelearnt500wordsthesedays.Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.3)固定句型=1\*GB3①Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since....自从...以来已经...Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.=2\*GB3②It/That/Thisisthe+序数词+timethat从句（现在完成时）ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.谓语动词：have/hasdone谓语动词的被动语态：have/hasbeendoneTheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.ThesamestudieshavebeendoneinAsia.练习Duringthe60yearssincethefoundingoftheNewChina,we_______(go)throughmillionsofupsanddowns.ABritishresearchstudyshowsthat,globally,people'swalkingspeeds_______(increase)by10percentoverthelastdecade.Sofar,theShanghaiWorldExpo__________(prove)tobeagreatsuccessaspeopleexpected.IwonderwhyJenny_______(write)tousrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.ItisthefirsttimethattheSpanishplayerRafaelNadal____________(win)theU.S.OpenTennisChampionship.Uptonow,theHopeProject_______(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.四、现在完成进行时含义表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，也可能继续下去，强调动作的延续性。I'mtiredout.IhavebeenshoppingalltheafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.--Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?--ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghereformorethantwohours.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.谓语动词：have/hasbeendoing练习Theworldgoldprice_______(rise)forthelastfiveyears,whichisnowover1000dollarsperounce.ForfortyyearsJaneGoodall_______(help)therestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.考点二、过去时一般过去时定义1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2）有时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Helefthomeathalfpastfiveyesterday.他昨天五点离开家的。LiMingalwayswenttoworkbybikeinthepast.过去李明总是骑自行车去上班。LinTaoleftforShanghaiat8:00yesterdaymorning.林涛昨天早上八点去上海了。Hewasilllastnight.昨晚他生病了。一般过去时的时间标志词1.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday.2.lastweek/year/month/term…(简称last系列，last：上一个)3.twohoursago,threeyearsago,amomentago…(简称ago系列，ago:...之前)4.in/on+过去的年/月/日，如in1999,inApril,20055.justnow（刚才）,onceuponatime（从前）,longlongago,oneday…6.inthepast过去3.谓语动词：did4.谓语动词的被动语态：was/weredone练习ChinesePremierWenJiabao_______(arrive)atCopenhagen,capitalofDenmark,onDec.16,2009Wednesdayevening,fortheongoingUNClimateChangeConference.EveryonewhosawStarWarssaidthatit_______(be)oneofthebestsciencefictionmoviesthathadeverbeenreleased.Theboy__________(catch)smokingacigartte.—I'mtoldthatyouareleavingforBeijing.—Who_______(say)so?过去进行时含义：在过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作；过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作。常用的时间状语atthattime(在那时)，atthistimeyesterday(在昨天的这个时候)at6amyesterday（昨天上午6点），from6amto9pmlastSunday(上周日从上午6点到晚上9点)“过去进行时+when+一般过去时”的句子（当…时）等。“When+一般现在时，过去进行时”“一般现在时+while+过去进行时”“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”HewaswatchingTVatthattime.WhenIgothome,mymotherwascooking.MyparentsweremakingdumplingswhenIgothomeyesterdayevening.—IsawMr.Smithintheofficeattenyesterdaymorning.—Thatisimpossible.HewashavinganEnglishpartywithusthen.谓语动词：was/weredoing谓语动词的被动语态：was/werebeingdoneWhliethiswasbeingdone,thetwobucketswereleftstandingtogethernearthewell.练习—What'sthematter,Sara?Youwearasadlookonyourface.—Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,Ijust_______(think)ofmyfriendsbackhome.IcalledAlicemanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn'tgetthrough.Herbrother_______(talk)onthephoneallthetime!Unfortunately,whenIgotthereshejust_______(leave),soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.Thisbridge_____________(build)atthistimelastyear.WhenBillGatesdecidedtostopschoolingandcreatedMicrosoftin1975,he_______(study)lawatHarvardUniversity.过去完成时含义表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.常用时间状语by+过去的时间/bythen固定句型：It/This/Thatwasthe+序数词+time+that从句（过去完成时）Thiswasthefirsttimethattheyhadevermet.hardly...when和nosooner...than....这两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenthematchstarted.Ihadhardlyansweredtheteacherwhenheinterruptedme.谓语动词：haddone谓语动词的被动语态：hadbeendoneTheroomhadbeencleanedwhenIcamein.练习Mygrandfatherwasafraidofleavingtheonlyhomethey_______(know)forthepast60years.Wifehardly_______(prepare)abigdinnerwhenHusbandwasawareoftheireighthweddinganniversarythatday.Ourmonitor,whobythen_______(gain)admissiontoFudanUniversity,decidedtodosomepart-timejobstogainmorepracticalexperience.Accordingtoahousingresearchorganization,thehousepriceinChina__________(rise)toitshighpointbytheendoflastyear.Bytheendoflastmonth,allthework_____________(do).过去将来时含义立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.Shesaidshewasgoingtostartoffatonce.谓语动词：woulddo或者was/weregoingtodo谓语动词的被动语态：wouldbedone和was/weregoingtobedoneItwassaidthattheywouldbeselectedbylottery.Theyannouncedthattheflightwouldbedelayed.练习USsecretaryHilaryClintonsaidrecentlythatshe__________(retire)soontoenjoyprivatelife.Hesaidhe___________(wait)forusatthestation.考点三、将来时一般将来时定义将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态；将来经常或反复发生的动作。时间标志词tomorrow，thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuturenext......系列（下一个...）:nexthour,nextday,nextweek,nextyear,nextterm,nexttimein+时间段（...之后）：in10years,intwodays,intwentyminutessoon（不久，立刻）谓语动词：willdo或者am/is/aregoingtodo或者am/is/areabouttodo谓语动词的被动语态：willbedone或者am/is/arefoingtobedoneHisnamewillbewrittendowninhistory.Ifwedon’tkeepbringingthistotheattentionofthepeople,nothingwillbedone.有些瞬间动词，如：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等,可以用现在进行时表示短暂的将来。如：—Tom,dinnerisready.—I'mcoming,Mum.Theplaneisarriving.Iamleaving.练习I'msurethatyourletter_______(get)immediateattention.Theyknowyou'rewaitingforthereply.Thebridge___________(build)nextyear.StandingonthetopoftheOrientalPearlTower,you_______(have)agoodbird's-eyeviewofShanghaicity.Afterthistime,tests_____________(do)everyfiveyears.将来进行时含义将来某一具体时间正在进行的动作Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeattendingaclassatthattime.谓语动词：willbedoing总结1主动语态：）（do为例）时态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在(1)do(5)bedoing(9)havedone(13)havebeendoing过去(2)did(6)bedoing(10)haddone(14)hadbeendoing将来(3)willdo(7)willbedoing(11)willhavedone(15)willhavebeendoing过去将来(4)woulddo(8)wouldbedoing(12)wouldhavedone(16)wouldhavebeendoing2被动语态高考真题一、单句语法填空1.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat______(be)previouslyunprotected,2.Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.3.Henry__________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.4.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly__________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.5.Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.6.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___________(address)theopeningceremony.7.Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane_____（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.8.ButCobbandothers________（be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and________（change）theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.9.OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists__________（promise）toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.10.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit________（be）forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.11.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto___________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.12.TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).13.We____________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.14.Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,_________（prove）irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.15.Mary'sniecewrote,"Thelittlehome_________（paint）white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.16.AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand_______（sell）mostoftheirfurniture.17.Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25(consider)healthy.18.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.19.Asit________(connect)things，yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream．20.There__________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causinglargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.21.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—__________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.22.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit_______(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon_________(construct)”.23.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers______(carry)specialsignificance.24.Theartistwassurehewould___________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.25.Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand___________(point)downtheriver.26.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,______(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.27.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic______(call)galleriesorrooms.28.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection______(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.29.OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood(play)abigroleinhislife.30.