大学医学英语

Chapter3HospiceCareChapter3

HospiceCare1.Vocabulary2.Lead-in3.Textanalysis4.Discussion1.Vocabulary常见的医学英语词缀（1）

…痛…headache,stomachache….thepainof;ache,-algia;-agraneuralgia神经痛;neur/o:nerve;gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:gaster,stomacharthralgia关节痛;arthr/o:jointabdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:abdomen

（2）.与检查有关的词缀

镜检：-scopy镜检法;scope镜

gastroscopy

胃镜法；量具：-meter:instrumentformeasuring

cardiometer心力计；

thermometer温度计心电图：electrocardiogram=ECG;eletrocardiograph心电图仪脑电图:electroencephalogram=EEGB超:typeBultrasonicCT：computerizedtomography计算机x射线断层

尿检urineanalysis血常规bloodroutine（3）其他方面的词缀

怕，畏惧–phobia:fear

photophobiaphot/o:light畏光困难dys-：bad,difficultydysfunction功能障碍;dyspepsia消化不良dyspnea呼吸困难-pnea：breathing

不良mal-：badmalnutrition营养不良；malpractice事故

malfunction机能障碍

malignant恶性的maladministration管理不善好，正，eu-：goodeugenic优生的adj.eugenics优生学;gen/o:producingeuthanasia安乐死;-thanasia:death瘤，肿块–oma:tumor;cancer;swellinglymphoma淋巴瘤；hematoma血肿血症–emia：bloodconditionleukemia白血病；septisemia败血症高：hyper-：high，above;

hyperdynamia:肌力过度;hypertension高血压（highbloodpressure）低：hypo-;low;below

hypotoniahypotonic张力/压力过低（的）dynam/o:power,force;dynamicadj.dynamicshypotension;lowbloodpressure,hyposensitive疗法：-therapyradiotherapy放疗;radiotherapist(放疗专家)chemotherapy化疗

physiotherapy理疗

psychotherapy心理疗法

therapist治疗师无，没有a-an-:withoutatypical非典型性的

asexual无性的

asymptomatic无症状的

anemia贫血

anorexia厌食症orex/o:appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失:esthesi/o:feeling,perceptionPresentation1.Doyouthinkadecentlifeforpeopleinthelastphasesofanincurablediseaseisbetterthantryingtoprolongapainfulexistence?2.Euthanasiaislegalinsomecountriesandillegalinsomeothercountries.Expressyourviewsofeuthanasia.2.Lead-inQuestionsforDiscussion:(1)Whatdoyouknowabouthospicecare?Thehospicemovement

beenevolvingsincethe11thcentury.Then,andforcenturiesthereafter,hospiceswereplacesofhospitalityforthesick,wounded,ordying,aswellasthosefortravelersandpilgrims.Themodernconceptofhospiceincludespalliativecarefortheincurablyillgiveninsuchinstitutionsashospitalsornursinghomes,butalsocareprovidedtothosewhowouldratherdieintheirownhomes.Itbegantoemergeinthe17thcentury,butmanyofthefoundationalprinciplesbywhichmodernhospiceservicesoperatewerepioneeredinthe1950sbyDameCicelySaunders.Althoughthemovementhasmetwithsomeresistance,hospicehasrapidlyexpandedthroughtheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandelsewhere.Hospiceisatypeofcareandaphilosophyofcarewhichfocusesonthepalliationofaterminallyillpatient'ssymptoms.Thesesymptomscanbephysical,emotional,spiritualorsocialinnature.TheconceptofhospicehasAssistedsuicideor“deathwithdignity”arepreferred.Theseareusedtodrawadistinctionfromsuicide;insomelegaljurisdictions,"suicide"(whetherassistedornot)remainsillegal,however"aidindying"ispermitted.Thetermeuthanasiareferstoanactthatendsalifeinapainlessmanner,performedbysomeoneotherthanthepatient.Thismayincludewithholdingcommontreatmentsresultingindeath,removalofthepatientfromlifesupport,ortheuseoflethalsubstancesorforcestoendthepatient’slife.Assistedsuicideistheprocessbywhichanindividual,whomayotherwisebeincapable,isprovidedwiththemeans(drugsorequipment)tocommitsuicide.Insomecases,theterms“aidindying”Life-supportingmechanisms

aremanytherapiesandtechniquesthatmaybeusedbyclinicianstoachievethegoalofsustaininglife.Someexamplesinclude:feedingtubesmechanicalventilation(机械换气)heart/lungbypassurinarycatheterization(尿道导管插入术)dialysis(透析)Cardiopulmonaryresuscitation（心肺复苏）Artificialpacemaker（人工起搏器）

Lifesupport,inmedicineisabroadtermthatappliestoanytherapyusedtosustainapatientslifewhiletheyarecriticallyillorinjured.ThereThesetechniquesareappliedmostcommonlyintheEmergencyDepartment,IntensiveCareUnitand,OperatingRooms.Asvariouslifesupporttechnologieshaveimprovedandevolvedtheyareusedincreasinglyoutsideofthehospitalenvironment.2.Lead-inQuestionsforDiscussion:(2)Doyouthinkadecentdeathcorrect?Why?MOSTthingsmayneverhappen:thisonewill.

3.TextanalysisReadthroughTextAandfinishtheexerciseonP26.QuestionsquestingdetailsfortextA:1.Wheredidhospicemovementbegin?2.HowdidhospicemovementdevelopinAmericaandEurope?3.Whatarechallengesfacedbyhospicemovement?3.TextanalysisWhatisaGoodDeath?PrinciplesofaGoodDeath,accordingtotheDebateoftheAgeHealthandCareStudyGroup,included:Toknowwhendeathiscoming,andtounderstandwhatcanbeexpected.Tobeabletoretaincontrolofwhathappens.Tobeaffordeddignityandprivacy.Tohavecontroloverpainreliefandothersymptomcontrol.Tohavechoiceandcontroloverwheredeathoccurs(athomeorelsewhere).WhatisaGoodDeath?WhatisaGoodDeath?Tohaveaccesstoinformationandexpertiseofwhateverkindisnecessary.Tohaveaccesstoanyspiritualoremotionalsupportrequired.Tohaveaccesstohospicecareinanylocation,notonlyinhospital.Tohavecontroloverwhoispresentandwhosharestheend.Tobeabletoissueadvancedirectiveswhichensurewishesarerespected.Tohavetimetosaygoodbye,andcontroloverotheraspectsoftiming.Tobeabletoleavewhenitistimetogo,andnottohavelifeprolongedpointlessly.3.TextanalysisReadthroughTextBandfinishtheexerciseonP29.QuestionsquestingdetailsfortextB:1.Whatistheproblemfacedbytheauthor’smother?2.Howdidtheauthor’smotherspendthelastdaysofherlife?3.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthermother’sdeath?4.DiscussionRole-playSituation:Supposeyourgrandmais91yearsoldandsheisnowinastateofincurabledisease.Youareamedicalstudentandsuggeststhehospicecare.Yourmother/fatherisagainsthospicecare.RoleA:Grandson/GranddaughterRoleB:Father/MotherAssignment1Hospicecarewaswidelyacceptedindeveloped