中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 说明文一（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………一、阅读理解（共5题）1、It’softensaid,“Youcan’tliveonlyonair.”ButnowtheChinesescientistscantellyou:Maybeyoucan.Recently,someChinesescientistshavemadeabigbreakthrough(突破).TheyturnedCO2intostarch(淀粉).Starchisthemainpartofriceandcornthatweeateveryday.Usually,it’screatedbyplantswithCO2,waterandsunlight.Accordingtotheteam’sdirectorMaYanhe,ittakestheplantsnearlysixtystepstoproducestarch.Butnow,theteam,aftersixyearsofhardwork,hasfoundasimplerwaytodothis,withonlyelevensteps.“Ourstudyshowsthatcreatingsomethinglikestarchispossibleinalaboratory,andthistechnologymaybehelpfulinmanyareas,”saidMa.ThescientistsfirstturnedCO2andhydrogen(氢气)intomethanol(甲醇).Thentheymadethesemethanolmolecules(分子)intobiggerandmorecomplex(复杂的)molecules.Finallythestarchcameout.Thismethodmakesitpossibletoproducefoodinfactoriesinsteadoftraditionalfarming.Thiswillnotonlyhelpmakeplentyoffood,butalsosavewaterandland.ItmayalsohelprecycleCO2todealwithclimate(气候)change,accordingtoChinaDaily.Thestudycanbehelpfulinspace,too.Astronautsmaynolongerneedtoworryabouttheirfoodastheytravelinspace.TheymaysimplyturntheCO2theybreatheoutintothefoodtheyeat!36．WhatachievementhavetheChinesescientistsmaderecently?A．TheycreatedstarchwithCO2.B．Theygrewcorninspace.C．TheyturnedO2intostarch.D．Theyimprovedtraditionalfarming.37．Howmanystepsdothescientistsneedtoproducestarchnow?A．3.B．6.C．11.D．60.38．Whatdidthescientistsdofirsttomakestarch?A．TheyrecycledCO2inspace.B．Theyproducedriceandcornonthefarm.C．TheyturnedCO2andhydrogenintomethanol.D．Theymademethanolmoleculesintobiggerandmorecomplexones.39．ThetechnologymaybehelpfulinthefollowingareasEXCEPT________.A．makingfoodB．puttingsunlighttogooduseC．savingwaterandlandD．dealingwithclimatechange40．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtoDealwithCO2B．TheAdvantagesofMakingStarchC．HowtoMakeFoodinSpaceD．China’sFirstStepinMan-madeFood2、Now,moreandmorepeoplehavedifficultiesinfallingasleep.“Infact,wecantrainourbraintofallasleep,”sayssleepexpertMichaelGrandner.Herearehistopways.Makeaplanandsticktoit.Melatonin(褪黑素)isproducedbythebodytocontrolwhenyougetsleepyandwhenyouwakeup.Asnightfalls,thelevelsofmelatoninrise,tellingthebodythatit’stimeforbed.Andthelevelsnaturallyfallasdaylightcomesnear,gettingyoureadytogreettheday.Therelease(释放)ofmelatoninneedstobeatregular(有规律的)times.Soifyourbedtimeandwake-uptimechangefromdaytoday,yourbodydoesn’tknowhowtorespond(回应).Soit’simportanttohavearegularbedtimeandwakeuptime,evenonweekends.Don’tlieinbedawake.Infact,thiswayisveryhelpful.Whetherit’sthebeginningofthenightorthemiddleofthenight,ifyou’vebeenawakefor20or30minutes,getup.Maybeyoujustneedfiveminutestogetsleepy,ormaybeanhour,butdon’tspendthattimeawakeinbed.Changeyourattitude(态度)aboutsleep.Manypeopleregardsleepingasthefinalthinginabusyday,sotheywouldratherdelaysleepingtodohousework,schoolworkorothers.Thatthoughtneedstobechanged.Makesureyoursleeptimeisenoughinordertoworkbetterthenextday.Itmaysoundlikeasmallchange,butit’sanimportantone.31．MichaelGrandnergivesus________waysinthispassage.A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four32．Whendothelevelsofmelatoninrise?A．Whenyou’retired.B．Whennightfalls.C．Whenyoufeelsleepy.D．Whendaylightcomes.33．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Ariseinmelatoninlevelstellsthebodyit’sthebedtime.B．Enoughsleeptimecan’tmakeyouworkbetterthenextday.C．It’snotnecessaryforustosleeporwakeupataregulartime.D．It’sbesttostayinbedifyou’reawaketoolongduringthenight.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“delay”meaninChinese?A．暗示B．督促C．调理D．推迟35．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theimportanceofsleepingwell.B．Thechangeofbedtimeandwake-uptime.C．Whentogotobedandwakeup.D．Howtotrainyourbrainforbettersleep.3、AChineseknot(中国结)iswoven(编织)withasinglerope(绳).Ithasdifferentshapes.Eachshapehasitsownmeaning.PeoplecanuseropesofdifferentcolorstoweaveaChineseknot,buttheyusuallyuseredbecauseitmeansgoodluck.TheChineseknot,afolkart,hasalonghistory.Peoplefirstmadethemtorecordinformationandsendmessagesbeforetheystartedtousewords.Theknotswereusedfordecoration(装饰)andtoexpressthoughtsandfeelingsintheTangDynasty.TheywerelaterpopularintheMingandQingdynasties.Butthisartwasn’treallyacceptedbythecommonpeopleuntiltheQingDynasty.Eventoday,Chineseknotsstillholdthevalueoffeelingswhentheyaresentasgifts.Forexample,loversmaygiveaknottoshowtheirlove.The“doublehappinessknot”isgivenandusedatweddings(婚礼)toexpresseachother’sloveandwishesforgrowingoldtogether.KnotsarealsousedwhenpeoplemaketraditionalclothesinChina.Theycanplaytheroleofbuttons(纽扣)andnowsilkiswidelyusedtomaketheseclothingknots.ManytouristsincludingforeignersliketobuyChineseknotsasgiftsduringtheirtrips.TherearemanyshoppingstreetsforpeopletobuyChineseknots.YiwuCommodityMarketinZhejiangProvinceisagoodplaceforthat.TherearemanydifferentkindsofbeautifulChineseknotsthere.Theyarepopularwithcustomers.26．________ofaChineseknotcanshowitsownmeaning.A．ThesizeB．TheweightC．ThecolorD．Theshape27．WhydopeopleusuallyuseredropestoweavetheChineseknots?A．Becausetheylooknice.B．Becausetheymeangoodluck.C．Becausetheyshowlove.D．Becausetheymeangrowingoldtogether.28．WhendidChinesecommonpeoplereallyacceptthefolkart?A．IntheTangDynasty.B．IntheSongDynasty.C．IntheMingDynasty.D．IntheQingDynasty.29．Whatiswidelyusedtomaketraditionalclothingbuttonsnow?A．Wood.B．Metal.C．Silk.D．Plastic.30．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．OnlyChinesepeopleliketobuytheChineseknots.B．Todaypeopleusea“doublehappinessknot”toexpresslovetotheirlovers.C．TouristscanbuymanydifferentkindsofChineseknotsinYiwuCommodityMarket.D．PeopleusedChineseknotstorecordinformationandsendmessagesbeforeusingwords.4、DavidBennett,a57-year-oldmanfromtheUS,receivedtheworld’sfirstpighearttransplant（移植）onJanuary7th,2022.HediedtwomonthslateronMarch9th.Itmaysoundlikeafailure,butitactuallyisabigstepforwardforxenotransplantation（异种器官移植）.Xenotransplantationhasbeenahottopicinmedicalresearchformanyyears.Doctorsandscientistslookforwaystosolvethebigproblemoforgan（器官）transplantwaitinglists.IntheUSalone,over100,000patientsareonalistwaitingforneworgans.Manyofthemwilldiebeforegettingtheirchancetoreceiveaheart,akidney（肾）orotherimportantorgans.Asaresult,medicalsciencehasturnedtoanimalorgans.Doctorshaveexperimentedwithxenotransplantationsincetheearly20thcentury.Therearefewsuccessstories.Usually,patients’bodiesreject（排斥）theanimalorgans.Bennetlivedmuchlongerthanotherxenotransplantationpatients.That’sbecausescientistsremovedpiggenes（基因）thatwouldcausefastrejection.Thentheyaddedhumangenestohelpthebodyaccepttheorgan.Infact,Bennett’scasewasnottheonlysuccess.DoctorsatNewYorkUniversityattached（连接）gene-editedpigkidneystoahumanpatient’sbloodvessels（血管）outsideofthebodyin2021.DoctorsatUniversityofAlabamaputthegene-editedpigkidneysinsideapatient’sbodyinthesameyear.Thoughthesesuccesseswereshort-lived,theyshowthattheremaybeawayforwardforxenotransplantation.“Alotofnewinformationwillcomeout.Thedevelopmentofthisfieldwillbenefitfromitandmoveforwardatfasterspeed.”MuhammadMohiuddin,directorofthetransplantprogram,toldTheGuardian.31．HowlongdidDavidBennettliveafterthepighearttransplant?________A．9monthsB．3months.C．2months.D．1month.32．Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromParagraph3?________A．Humanorgansareexpensive.B．Manypatientsdiedbecauseoftheorgantransplant.C．Comparedwithhumanorgans,animalorgansareeasiertoget.D．Patientscannotaccepttheanimalorgansintheirbodies.33．AccordingtoParagraph4,whatmaythemainproblemofxenotransplantationbe?________A．Patients’ideas.B．Bodies’rejection.C．Thehighprice.D．Thenumberoforgans.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“benefit”meaninChineseinthelastparagraph?________A．得益B．赞扬C．传播D．涉及35．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofxenotransplantation?________A．Itshouldbestoppedbecauseofthedeathcases.B．Ithasbecomemoreandmorepopular.C．Itistoodifficulttocarryon.D．Itisvaluableandworthresearching.5、Doyouthinkonlyhumansarecrazyaboutelectronicproducts?Youarewrong.12zoosintheUnitedStatesandCanadahavecarriedout(实施)aprogrammecalledAppsforApes(大猩猩).IthasfoundthattheapesarealsointerestedinplayingiPads.“Wefindthat,similartopeople,theapesliketouchingthescreenandwatchingshortvideos,”saidRichardZimmerman,amanageroftheprogramme.TheapesinthesezooscanplayiPadstwiceaweek.Everytime,theyspendfrom15minutestohalfanhourusingdifferentappsiniPads.Theyaremostinterestedinappsforchildren,suchasdrawing,musicandmemorygames.Zimmermansaid,“It’slikewhenwe’reshowingpop-upbooks(立体书)tochildren.Theapesareamongthemostintelligent(智能的)animals,theyareascleverasyoungchildren.”Theworkersinthezooarealsostudyinghowcommunicationappscanhelptheapesbetter.“Wefindthatanapehasatoothache.HewouldbeabletotouchapictureofatoothontheiPadandcommunicateinthatway,”saidZimmerman.Theprogrammewantstomakepeoplepayattentiontothelivingproblemsofapesinthewild.Theapesareindangerbecausepeoplecutdowntoomanyforests.36．HowmanytimescantheapesplayiPadsinaweek?A．Twotimes.B．Threetimes.C．Fourtimes.37．Whichofthefollowingappscanmakeapesmostinterestedin?A．Working.B．Shopping.C．Painting.38．Whatcanwelearnaboutapesfromthearticle?A．Apescanmakepop-upbooks.B．Apesareassmartasyoungchildren.C．Apesuseappstoprotectthemselves.39．Howdoestheapecommunicatewhenithasatoothache?A．Bytouchingthepicture.B．Bytellingthedoctor.C．Byshowingitsnose.40．Whereisthisarticlemostprobablyfrom?A．Amagazineaboutchildren.B．Amagazineaboutanimals.C．Amagazineabouthobbies.============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、A

37．C

38．C

39．B

40．D【导语】本文主要介绍了把二氧化碳转化为淀粉的新技术及该技术的优点。36．细节理解题。根据“TheyturnedCO2intostarch(淀粉).”可知，他们用二氧化碳制造淀粉。故选A。37．细节理解题。根据“Butnow,theteam,aftersixyearsofhardwork,hasfoundasimplerwaytodothis,withonlyelevensteps.”可知，现在生产淀粉需要11步。故选C。38．细节理解题。根据“ThescientistsfirstturnedCO2andhydrogen(氢气)intomethanol(甲醇).”可知，首先他们要将二氧化碳和氢气转化为甲醇。故选C。39．细节理解题。根据“Thismethodmakesitpossibletoproducefood”，“butalsosavewaterandland”和“dealwithclimate(气候)change”可知，B选项“puttingsunlighttogooduse”未提及，故选B。40．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了把二氧化碳转化为淀粉的新技术及该技术的优点。D选项“中国在人造食品领域迈出的第一步”符合题意，故选D。2、C

32．B

33．A

34．D

35．D【导语】本文就如何训练大脑很好地入睡提出了三点建议。31．细节理解题。根据“Makeaplanandsticktoit”“Don’tlieinbedawake”“Changeyourattitude(态度)aboutsleep”可知，给出了三条建议，故选C。32．细节理解题。根据“Asnightfalls,thelevelsofmelatoninrise,tellingthebodythatit’stimeforbed”可知，随着夜幕降临，褪黑激素水平上升，故选B。33．细节理解题。根据“Asnightfalls,thelevelsofmelatoninrise,tellingthebodythatit’stimeforbed”可知，褪黑激素水平的上升会告诉身体该睡觉了，故选A。34．词义猜测题。根据“Manypeopleregardsleepingasthefinalthinginabusyday,sotheywouldratherdelaysleepingtodohousework,schoolworkorothers”可知，认为睡觉是一天中的最后一件事，所以推迟睡觉这件事，先把家务等事情做完，所以delay表示“推迟”，故选D。35．主旨大意题。根据“‘Infact,wecantrainourbraintofallasleep,’sayssleepexpertMichaelGrandner.Herearehistopways”可知，本文就如何训练大脑很好地入睡提出了三点建议，故选D。3、D

27．B

28．D

29．C

30．A【导语】本文主要讲述了中国结的发展历史以及它的寓意。26．细节理解题。根据“Ithasdifferentshapes.Eachshapehasitsownmeaning.”可知，中国结的形状可以显示它自身的意义。故选D。27．细节理解题。根据“theyusuallyuseredbecauseitmeansgoodluck.”可知，因为它们意味着好运。故选B。28．细节理解题。根据“Butthisartwasn’treallyacceptedbythecommonpeopleuntiltheQingDynasty.”可知，直到清代，这种艺术才真正被人们所接受。故选D。29．细节理解题。根据“nowsilkiswidelyusedtomaketheseclothingknots”可知，现在丝绸被广泛用于制作这些衣服纽扣。故选C。30．细节理解题。根据“ManytouristsincludingforeignersliketobuyChineseknotsasgiftsduringtheirtrips.”可知，A选项“只有中国人喜欢买中国结”表述错误，故选A。4、31．C

32．C

33．B

34．A

35．D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，主要介绍的是异种器官移植技术。由于人类捐赠的器官短缺，科学家们一直在研究异种器官移植，并且已经有了成功的案例，虽然异种器官移植出现了一些问题，但前景还是乐观的。31．细节理解题。根据“David