中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类四（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………1、Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone(里程碑)inspaceresearch.OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe(月球探测器)inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon.TheEarth'sgravity(重力)slowsthemoon'srotation(自转),matchingittothespeedofitsorbit(公转).Therefore,thefarsideofthemoonisalmost"dark"andhasneverbeenseen.It'sthissenseoftheunknownthatmakesthefarsideofthemoonsuchaninterestingplaceforscientificandspaceresearch.Beingblownbysolar(太阳的)winds,thefarsidemayhavethespecialminerals(矿物质).

Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.Ifitis,thenthemoonwillbecomeapossiblechoiceforspacetravelinthefuture.However,researchofthe"dark"sideisn'teasy.Asthefarsideisblocked（阻断）offfromus,radionoisecomingoffEarthisalsoblocked.ThisiswhyChina'srelaysatellite(中继卫星)QueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.Powersupply(电源供应)isalsoachallengetothetask.Chang'e-4getsenergyfromthesunthroughitssolarpanels.Asweknow,alunardayhasthelength(长度)of28Earthdays.AfterChang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018,ittooktheprobeover20daystoorbitthemoontobeinapositiontobeabletolandinmoondaylightanduseitssolarpanels.Luckily,everythinggoeswell,Chang'e-4hasworkedonthe"dark"sideforover5months.Ithassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoonandhasbeenusedtocarryoutsomescientificexperiments.TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthemoon".26.WhenwasChang'e-4sentup?A.InMay,2018.

B.OnDecember8,2018.C.OnJanuary3,2019.

D.Thepassagedoesn'ttellus.27.ThemaintasksofChang'e-4don'tinclude___________________.A.studyingiflifeispossibleonthemoonB.studyingtheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceC.solvingthecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandotherprobesD.researchinganymineralfoundbythespacecraft28.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword"groundbreaking"inthelastparagraphistheclosestto"________________".A.harmful

B.unpredictable

C.risky

D.pioneering2、Weknowpeoplecanbenice,butwhataboutanimals?Scientistssaythatsomeanimalsarecapable（有能力的）ofbeingnice.Animalsthatliveingroups-likefoxes,chimpanzees（大猩猩）,andelephants-followrules.Theyhavetofollowrulestogetalongandtosurvive（生存）.However,animalscanactnicely,evenwhentheydon'thaveto.Herearesomesurprisingstoriesaboutanimalbehavior.Mostpeopleusuallywalkawaywhensomeoneisunkindtothem.MarcBekoff,aresearcherattheUniversityofColorado,sawafemale（母的）redfoxdojustthat.Thefemalefoxwasunhappybecauseamale（公的）foxplayedroughly（粗鲁地）withher.Whenshewalkedaway,themalefoxshowedherthathewantedtoplaynicely.Heloweredhisheadandrolledonhisback.Thefemalefoxgavehimanotherchance,andthistime,heplayedmoregently.GezaTelekiisascientistwhostudieschimpanzeesinTanzania.Oneday,Telekihikedfarawayfromhiscampsite.Hedidn'thaveanyfood.Telekiwantedsomefruitfromatree,butthetreewastootall.Ayoungchimpanzeewatchedhimcuriouslyashetriedtogetsomethingtoeat.Thechimpanzeeclimbedthetree,pickedthefruit,andgaveittohim!AnelephantinKenyahurthistrunk（象鼻子）.Heneededhelpbecausehecouldn'tputfoodintohismouth.ResearcherKayhanOstovarwatchedsilently.Hesawthehurtelephantshowhissoretrunktoahealthyelephant.Thehealthyelephantdidn'tneedanymoreinformation.Hetookabushandputitcarefullyintohisnewfriend'smouth.Hippos（河马）andcrocodilesareusuallygoodfriends.Theyhangouttogetherinrivers.ButKarenPaolillo,awildlifeexpertinZimbabwe,sawsomethingsurprising.Oneday,acrocodiletriedtoeatamonkeythatwasnexttoariver.Ahipporanquicklytothecrocodileandchaseditaway.Whydidthehippoattack（攻击）thecrocodile?Paolillosayshippossometimesprotectotheranimalsfromcrocodiles.41.Themainideaofthepassageis

.A.animalsthatliveingroupsfollowrulesB.someanimalscanbenicetootheranimalsC.mostanimalsarenicetopeople42.Theunderlinedphrase“dojustthat”means

.A.benice

B.playroughly

C.walkaway43.WecansaythatTeleki

.A.isshort

B.hateshiking

C.couldnotclimbthetree44.Theelephantneededhelpbecause____.A.thetreewastootall

B.itcouldnotuseitstrunk

C.ithadnofood45.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto____.A.thecrocodile

B.thechimpanzee

C.themonkey3、LastnightIhadanunusualdream.IdreamedthatIwasflying.WhenImovedmyarmsupanddown,Imovedhigherintothesky.Ifeltasfreeasabird.—Martha,aged35Ihadabaddreamthatkeptcomingback.Iwalkedoutofmybedroom,andamonstercameoutandchasedme.—Jason,aged14Justlikeamovie,adreamhasastorytotellandithassomethingtodowithyourlife.Dreamsarelikescenesinamovie.So,takeacloserlookatyourdreams,yourdreamsmaybetellingyousomething.Dreamscanopendoorsintoyourworld.Flyingisapositivesymbolinadream.Flyingindreamsmaymeansuccess,confidence,and“beingontopofitall.”Monstersindreamsoftenshowfears.ForJason,themonstersmaystandfortheadultswhocontrolhislife.OritmaymeanJason’sfearsaboutgrowingupandheisveryupset.Herearesomeothercommonsymbolsindreams:Mountains:Mountainsaredifficulties,sotodreamofsuccessfullyclimbingamountaincanshowatruefeelingofachievement.Bigwaves:Waterispeacefulinlife.Butabigwave(波浪)indreamsprobablymeansanemotional(情感的)worry.Food:Foodisasymbolofknowledge,becauseitnourishesthebodyjustasinformationnourishesthebrain.However,itcouldjustbefood.AccordingtoScientificAmerican,anAmericansciencemagazine,dreamingisawaytocreateamemoryofyourcurrent(当前的)emotion.Youmaydreamthesamethingsagainandagain.Theyarelikeabridgewhichconnectsyourexperiencewithyouremotionandmemories.Theywillhelpyougetabetterunderstandingofyourself.41.WhatmightMartha’sdreamtellher?A.Shemaybeafraidofflying.

B.Shemaylikeflyingalot.C.Shemaybeverysuccessful.

D.Shemaybeveryupset.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A.Movie.

B.Dream

C.Story.

D.Life.43.Ifyoudreamofclimbingmountainssuccessfully,howmayyoufeel?A.Afraid.

B.Peaceful.

C.Worried.

D.Satisfied44.WhatmighthappentoJasonbeforehesleptaccordingtohisdream?A.Hewentswimminginthepoolwithfriends.B.Hewasforcedtotakeafter-schoolclasses.C.Hefeltveryconfidentabouthisschoolwork.D.HereadabookaboutmakingRussiansoup.45.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Jasonchasedthemonsterinhisdream.B.Foodinadreammeansthefearoflife.C.Youwon’tdreamaboutthesamethingsagain.D.Youmayknowmoreaboutyourselffromdreams.4、Ifyouwatchtheskyforaboutanhourafterthesungoesdown,youmayseesome“movingstars”.Butthey’renotrealstars.They’reman-madesatellites(人造卫星).AndthebiggestofallistheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).FromMaytoJulyisthebestseasontowatchtheISSflyingovertheearth.Andpeoplecanseeitwiththeireyes.

TheISSisthebiggestsatelliteandscientistswanttoliveonit.Theythinkthatthebestwaytolearnmoreaboutspaceistolivethere.

Whenthespacestationisfinished,itwillbelikeacityinspace.Peoplewillstayandstudytherewithmanyofthethingstheyhaveathome.Laboratories,livingroomsandpowerstationsarebeingbuilt.TheISSisthemostexpensivespaceprogram.Billionsofdollarsarebeingspentoniteveryyear.

ScientistshopethattheISSwillbeasteppingstoneforfuturespaceexploration(探测).“TheISSwillhelpusunderstandthehumanbodybetter,explorespaceandstudytheearth.Itcanhelpusmakelifeontheearthbetter,”saidKathrynClark,anISSscientist.

Sixteencountriesarepartoftheprogram:theUS,Russia,Canada,Japan,Braziland11Europeancountries.Chinaisn’tanISScountry,butithashelpedwithsomeoftheexperiments.In2003,ChinasentsomericeuptotheISStofindoutwhatspacewoulddotoit.(

)1.TheInternationalSpaceStation_____________.

A.isreallyabigcityinspace

B.isthebiggestman-madesatellite

C.canonlyhelpusexplorespace

D.ismainlybuiltbytheUSAandRussia(

)3.Fromthepassageweknowthat_____________.

A.buildingtheISSisonlyforscientiststolivethere

B.scientistscandoanythingtheylikethere

C.peoplecanseetheSpaceStationatanytime

D.sixteencountriesaremembersofthespaceprogram(

)3.Thephrase“asteppingstone”probablymeans“_____________”.

A.滑梯

B.巅峰

C.垫脚石

D.走廊(

)4.ChinasentsomericeuptotheISSisprobablyto_____________.

A.beusedasastronauts’food

B.sellittoaliens

C.dosomescienceexperiments

D.makeitgrowbetterinspace(

)5.Whichofthefollowingisn’tmentioned?

A.ChinawilljointheISSinthefuture.

B.ThescientistsarebuildinglivingroomsforthemintheISS.

C.TheISSwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.

D.TheISScoststhemembersof16countriesplentyofmoneyeveryyear.二、阅读填空（共1题）1、Therearealotofinterestingthingslivinginthesea.Therearemanytypesoffishandmanyotheranimals.Therearealsomanytypesofplants.Thereareevensomeanimalswhichhavealotincommonwithyou.Theyaremammalslivinginthesea.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutcreaturesthatliveinthesea?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthefoodchain（链）inthesea?Inthesea,allseacreaturesgetfoodfromotherseacreatures.Atthefirstlinkofthefoodchainaretheseaplantsandplankton(浮游生物).Plantsarefoundonlyinthesunlightzonewherethereisenoughlightforthem,however,animalsarefoundatalldepthsoftheoceansthoughtheirnumbersaregreaternearthesurfacewherefoodisenough.Manykindsoffishandanimals,suchasthesnail,shrimp,jellyfish,andseastareattheplankton.Thesmallanimalsandfishthateatplanktonthenbecomefoodforlargerfish,suchasthetunaandmackerel.Thesefisharetheneatenbylargerfishandanimals,suchasthesharkanddolphin.Thesharkanddolphinareatthetopofthefoodchaininthesea.Sharksareverydangeroussomanypeopleareeatenbytheminthesea.Butwhythenumberofthesharkisbecomingsmallerandsmaller?Andwhoeatstheshark?Checkoutthemenuataseafoodrestaurantnexttimeyouareeatingthere.Don'tbesurprisedifyoufindsharkonthemenu.36．Theunderlinedword“creatures”means______.A．维持

B．生物

C．奇特

D．藻类37．WhichisNOTtrue?A．Animalsarefoundatalldepthsoftheoceans

B．PlantsarefoundonlyinthesunlightzoneC．Thelargeanimalsbecomefoodforsmallones.D．Thesharkanddolphinareatthetopofthefoodchaininthesea38．Planktonisfoodfor______.A．thesnail

B．shrimp

C．seastarandjellyfish

D．Alltheabove39．______areatthetopofthefood.A．Theseaplants

B．Thesmallfish

C．People

D．Thesharkanddolphin40．What’sthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theseaplants

B．FoodChainintheSeaC．Dangeroussharks

D．ColorfulSeaAnimals============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、【短文大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述嫦娥四号是第一个登上月球背面的探测器。并讲述了嫦娥四号的任务以及遇到的困难是如何解决的。26.细节理解题。根据Chang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018可知，嫦娥四号是2018年12月8日发射的，故选B。27.细节理解题。根据Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon可知，嫦娥四号也携带着花的种子、土豆、蚕卵看观察在月球上是否有生命的可能，排除A；根据Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft可知，因此，嫦娥四号将研究太阳风对月球表面的影响和通过航天器发现矿物质，排除B和D；根据ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved可知，多亏了鹊桥，地球和嫦娥四号的交流问题解决了，所以鹊桥解决的是交流问题，故选C。28.词义猜测题。根据TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthemoon"以及OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe(月球探测器)inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon可知，嫦娥四号是第一个登录月球背面的探测器，所以《纽约时报》用“开创性”一词来赞扬这项任务，并写道“它将为月球的历史和发展提供帮助。故选D。2、【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要通过几个令人吃惊的故事表明有时候一些动物也会表现得很好。例如赤狐、猩猩、大象以及河马。41.B主旨大意题。根据However,animalscanactnicely,evenwhentheydon'thaveto.Herearesomesurprisingstoriesaboutanimalbehavior以及全文可知，动物有时候会表现的很好，甚至有时候他们没有必要这么做，后文讲述了几个故事，说明有些动物对其他动物表现得很好，故选B。42.C词义猜测题。根据Mostpeopleusuallywalkawaywhensomeoneisunkindtothem.MarcBekoff,aresearcherattheUniversityofColorado,sawafemale（母的）redfoxdojustthat可知，当某人对一些人不友好时，他们会生气地走开，母的赤狐也像那样做，指的就是赤狐也会走开，故选C。43.C推理判断题。根据Hedidn'thaveanyfood.Telekiwantedsomefruitfromatree,butthetreewastootall.Ayoungchimpanzeewatchedhimcuriouslyashetriedtogetsomethingtoeat.Thechimpanzeeclimbedthetree,pickedthefruit,andgaveittohim可知，泰莱基想要树上的水果，但是树太高了，一个小猩猩好奇地看着他，最后这个猩猩爬上树摘了水果送给了他，所以可以推断出泰莱基不会爬树，故选C。44.B细节理解题。根据AnelephantinKenyahurthistrunk（象鼻子）.Heneededhelpbecausehecouldn'tputfoodintohismouth可知，在肯尼亚，一只大象伤了它鼻子，因为它不能将食物送到嘴里，所以它需要帮助，。所以因为鼻子有伤，不能使用鼻子，故选B。45.A代词指代题。代词代指上文中出现的内容。根据Oneday,acrocodiletriedtoeatamonkeythatwasnexttoariver.Ahipporanquicklytothecrocodileandchaseditaway可知，鳄鱼想吃猴子，一个河马迅速跑向鳄鱼，将鳄鱼赶走，所以it代指的是鳄鱼。故选A。3、【文章大意】本文是科普类阅读，解释了梦的成因和不同梦境的含义。41.C题意：玛莎的梦会告诉她什么?考查细节理解。根据Flyingisapositivesymbolinadream.Flyingindreamsmaymeansuccess,confidence,可知在梦想中飞翔可能意味着成功、自信和“掌控一切”，故选C。42.B题意：下划线的“it”指的是什么?考查词义理解。根据adreamhasastorytotell和hassomethingtodowithyourlife可知梦与生活有关，故选B。43.D题意：如果你梦想成功地登山，你会有什么感觉?考查细节理解。A.Afraid.害怕的；B.Peaceful.和平的；C.Worried.担心的；D.Satisfied满意的。根据Mountainsaredifficulties,sotodreamofsuccessfullyclimbingamountaincanshowatruefeelingofachievement.（梦想着成功的爬山会表现出一种真正的成就感），可知Satisfied符合语境，故选D。44.B题意：根据他的梦，杰森睡觉前可能会发生什么事?考查细节推断。A.Hewentswimminginthepoolwithfriends.他和朋友去游泳池游泳。B.Hewasforcedtotakeafter-schoolclasses.他被迫参加课后补习班。C.Hefeltveryconfidentabouthisschoolwork.他对自己的学业很有信心。D.HereadabookaboutmakingRussiansoup.他读了一本关于做俄罗斯汤的书。根据ForJason,themonstersmaystandfortheadultswhocontrolhislife.可知有人在控制杰森的生活，ACD不合语境，故选B。45.D题意：你能从这篇文章中了解到什么?考查细节判断。A.Jasonchasedthemonsterinhisdream.杰森在梦中追逐怪物。B.Foodinadreammeansthefearoflife.梦中的食物意味着对生活的恐惧。C.Youwon’t