高中英语北师大版Uint1Lifestyles（全国一等奖）

单元综合测评(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AAccordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary，theterm“couchpotato”firstappearedinprintinaDecember1979editionoftheLosAngelesthen，ithasbecomeafamiliartermforapersonwhospendsalotoftimesitting，andlittletimetheredoesnotseemtobeanyparticularreasonwhytheterm“couchpotato”isusedratherthan“couchtomato”，apersonmaybecomea“couchpotato”becauselivingthiswayissaidtomakeyouroundlikeatermisalsosaidtohavesomethingtodowiththeconnectionofpotatoeswithhigh­calorie(卡路里)foodlikepotatochips.Peoplenowwouldsay“couchpotato”whenevertheytalkaboutoverweightandobesity(肥胖)．Indeed,“couchpotatoes”arebelievedtoriskheartdisease，whichcanbeavoidedbyregularexercise.Itistruethattechnologyandmodernlifeingeneralmakesussick，fat，lazyandphysically/mentallymoretimepeoplespendusingtechnology，particularlytelevisionsandcomputers，thelesstimetheywillspendbeingphysicallyactive.“Couchpotato”kidsareaparticularreportsrepeatedlyclaimthatchildrentodayarefatterthantheireldergenerations，butlessathleticallyskilled，lessinterestedinphysicalactivityandmoreaddicted(上瘾的)to“junkfood”andtechnologysuchastelevisionandmessageisclear：today'schildrenarefatbecausetheyarelazyandeattoo，becausetechnologyisbecomingmoresophisticated(复杂的)，childrenarelessabletoresist(抵抗，忍得住)technology'sattraction，andaremorelikelytospendmoretimeusingtechnology，lesstimedoingphysicalactivityand，therefore，morelikelytobefat.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了“couchpotato”的由来、危害及预防。1．Thefirstparagraphismainlytalkingabout．A．why“couchpotato”isusedasatermforapersonB．when“couchpotato”isusedasatermforapersonC．how“couchpotato”isdifferentfrom“couchtomato”D．whatkindofpersonlookslikeapotato【解析】主旨大意题。第一段主要是谈论couchpotato的由来，即它用来指某一类人的原因。【答案】A2．Thedevelopmentoftechnologyalsomakesussickbecausebyusingtechnology.A．wearemorelikelytoriskheartdiseaseinmodernlifeB．wespendlesstimedoingexerciseC．weneedn'tdomanythingsbyourselvesanymoreD．wespendallourtimewatchingTVandplayingcomputergames【解析】细节理解题。从第三段最后一句可知，我们运用高科技的时间越多，锻炼的时间就变得越少。【答案】B3．It'skids'thatpeopleareparticularlyconcernedabout.A．food B．studyC．health D．hobby【解析】细节理解题。最后一段的第一句说“Couchpotato”kidsareaparticularconcern，从下文可知，“Couchpotato”kids指的是那些肥胖的孩子，而“肥胖”是关系健康的问题。【答案】C4．Accordingtothepassage，theauthormaysuggestthat．A．scientistsshouldstoptheirresearchintotechnologyB．parentsshouldtakebettercareoftheirchildrenC．kidsshouldbestoppedfromusingnewtechnologyD．peopleshouldspendlesstimeusingtechnology【解析】推理判断题。从短文中我们可以得知，科技的发展使人们把更多的时间用在了看电视、玩电脑上而大大减少了锻炼的时间，造成了“coachpotato”之类的问题，所以作者可能是在建议人们在看电视、玩电脑上少花点时间，即usingtechnology。【答案】DB“Childrenwhoeatthreeormorehamburgersaweekaremorelikelytosufferfromasthma(哮喘)，”researchers，theysaythattheriskmaynotbecausedbythemeat­richdietitself，butbyalackoffreshfruitandvegetables.Thestudylookedinto50，000childrenfrom20wereaskedabouttheirchildren'seatinghabitsandwhethertheyhadeversufferedfromeffectsoftheirdietseemedtobedifferentdependingonwheretheyandvegetablesaremorehelpfulinlessaffluentpartsoftheworld，whileeatinglotsoffishwasmorehelpfulinricheratleastthreehamburgersaweekwaslinkedtoagreaterriskofasthma，butonlyinwealthiercountries.Nagelsaiddifferentthingsmaycauseasthmaindifferentpartsoftheworld.“Thisgivesusmoreunderstandingofhowasthmaaffectsdifferentpeople，anditseffectsindevelopingaswellasdevelopedcountries，”shesaid.Highlevelsofunhealthyfatinhamburgerscouldincreasetheriskof，theresearcherssaidchildrenwhoateseveralhamburgersaweekwerelikelytohaveotherunhealthylifestylehabitsaswell.Researcherssaidthestudyhelpedusunderstandhowasthmaanddietareconnected.“Previousstudieshaveshownthatadiet­richinfruitandvegetablescanhelptoreduceachild'sriskofdevelopingasthmasymptoms，”Vickerssaid.“Ouradvicetoparentsistomakesurethatchildrenhaveahealthydietandalsogetplentyofexercise.”【语篇解读】每周吃三次或三次以上汉堡的孩子更容易得哮喘，让孩子保持健康的饮食和适量的运动可以很好地预防儿童哮喘的发生。5．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromthepassage?A．Fatinhamburgersdoesn'tincreasetheriskofasthma.B．Childrenwholikehamburgersdon'tlikeexercise.C．Eatingthreehamburgersamonthcouldcauseasthma.D．Theparentsoffiftythousandchildrenwereinterviewed.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知调查了20个国家的五万个孩子，他们的父母被问及他们的饮食习惯及他们是否患过哮喘，由此可知D项正确。【答案】D6．WhatdidVickersadviseparentstodo?A．Tohelpchildrenhavehealthylifestyle.B．Tokeepchildrenawayfromhamburgers.C．Tohavedinnerwithchildrenathome.D．Tomakesurechildrentakeexerciseasmuchaspossible.【解析】细节理解题。根据本文最后一句“Ouradvicetoparentsistomakesurethatchildrenhaveahealthydietandalsogetplentyofexercise.”可知，ElaineVickers建议家长们给孩子提供一个健康的饮食习惯并保证他们有足够的锻炼。【答案】A7．Thepassageismainlyabout．A．asthmaaffectspeopleinwealthyplacesB．hamburgersraiseachild'sriskofasthmaC．parentscaninfluencechildren'shealthD．moreandmorechildrenbecomefatter【解析】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要介绍了每周吃三次或三次以上的汉堡有引起孩子得哮喘的风险。故B项正确。【答案】BCIfyouarelikemillionsofotherpeopleintheworld，youprobablywanttoliveahealthymanypeopleareabletoachievethislifestyle，thereareevenmorethatarelookingforwaystoimprovetheirare5tipstohelpyou.1．HealthydietThefoodyoueatplaysahugeroleinwhattypeoflifestyleyouyoueatfastfoodeveryday，youclearlydon'thavethebestshouldeatvegetables，fruitbreadaswellasmeatandfish，andevensomesnackfoodsonceinawhile.2．WaterDrinkplentyofwatereverydayanditisgoodforyouryouneedtodrink8～10glassesofwateraday.3．ExerciseTakesomeexerciseeverycantakeawalk，playballgameswithyourfriends，orrideaisanecessarypartofahealthylifestyle.4．HavefunGettingoutandhavingfuniscrucialbecauseithelpsletouttheoutforamoviewithyourfriendsonceinatotheparkandenjoyanicesunnyjustliedownandreadabook.5．SleepWithoutenoughsleep，ourimmunesystemwillbeweakanditwillbedifficulttogetthroughtheagoodnight'ssleepcanmaketheworldofadifferenceinhowyoufeelandhowmuchyoucandothenextday.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了保持健康生活方式的一些建议。8．Theunderlinedword“crucial”probablymeans．A．important B．interestingC．relaxing D．useless【解析】根据其所在的语境及排除法可知该词表达的意思与important接近。【答案】A9．AhealthydietincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT．A．vegetablesandfruitB．breadandfishC．snackfoodssometimesD．fastfoodveryoften【解析】根据Healthydiet一段内容可知答案。【答案】D10．Thispassageismostprobablyintendedfor．A．children B．adultsC．parents D．youngandold【解析】文章介绍了几种保持健康的生活方式的建议，这些建议应适合于各个年龄阶段的人。【答案】D11．WhichisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?A．We'dbetterdrink8ormoreglassesofwateraday.B．Enoughsleepwilldogoodtoourimmunesystem.C．Fewpeopleareenjoyingahealthylifestyle.D．Eatingfastfoodtoooftenisnotgoodforyourhealth.【解析】根据Water一段中“Usuallyyouneedtodrink8～10glassesofwateraday.”一句可知A项正确；根据Sleep一段中“Withoutenoughsleep，ourimmunesystemwillbeweakanditwillbedifficulttogetthroughtheday.”一句可知B项正确；根据Healthydiet一段中“Ifyoueatfastfoodeveryday，youclearlydon'thavethebestdiet.”一句可知D项正确。C选项说明几乎没有人过着健康的生活方式，显然与文章第一段内容不符合。【答案】CD【导学号：80512042】Englishisthemostwidelyusedlanguageinthehistoryofourineverysevenhumanbeingscanspeakthanhalfoftheworld'sbooksandthreequartersofinternationalmailsareinalllanguages，Englishhasthelargestvocabulary—perhapsasmanyastwomillionwords.However，let'sfaceit：Englishisacrazyisnoegginaneggplant，neitherpinenorappleinapineappleandnohamina­meatsarecandy，whilesweetbreads，whicharen'tsweet，aremeat.WetakeEnglishforwhenweexploreitsparadoxes(探讨它的矛盾)，wefindthatquicksandcanworkslowly，boxingringsaresquare，publicbathroomshavenobathsinthem.Andwhyisitthatawriterwrites，butfingersdon'tfing，grocersdon'tgroce，andhammersdon'tham？Ifthepluraloftoothisteeth，shouldn'tthepluralofboothbebeeth？Onegoose，twogeese—soonemoose，twomeese?Howcanaslimchanceandafatchancebethesame，whileawisemanandawiseguyareopposites？Howcanoverlookandoverseebeopposites，whilequitealotandquiteafewarealike？Howcantheweatherbehotashellonedayandcoldashellthenext?Englishwasinventedbypeople，notcomputers，anditreflects(反映)thecreativityofhuman'swhy，whenstarsareout，theyarevisible(能看见的)；butwhenthelightsareout，theyarewhy，whenIwindupmywatch，Istartit；butwhenIwindupthisessay，Iendit.【语篇解读】英语是世界上应用最为广泛的语言，每七个人中就有一人说英语。但是英语中很多单词的字面意思和真实意思是截然不同的，比如eggplant(茄子)里面没有egg，pineapple(菠萝)里既没有apple也没有pine(松树)，hamburger里也没有ham(火腿)。12．Accordingtothepassage．A．thereshouldbeanegginaneggplantB．pineapplesaretheapplesonthepinetreeC．boxingringsshouldberoundD．sweetmeatsandsweetbreadsaredifferentthings【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段可知A、B、C三项均不正确。由第二段中“Sweet­meatsarecandy，whilesweetbreads，whicharen'tsweet，aremeat.”可判断出D项正确。【答案】D13．Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectplural?A．Geese. B．Beeth.C．Meese. D．Tooth.【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Ifthepluraloftoothisteeth，shouldn'tthepluralofboothbebeeth？Onegoose，twogeese—soonemoose，twomeese？”可知A项正确。【答案】A14．Whichofthefollowingincludestwoitemswhichhavethesimilarmeaning?A．Awisemanandawiseguy.B．Overlookandoversee.C．Hotashellandcoldashell.D．Quitealotandquiteafew.【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“...whileawisemanandawiseguyareopposites？”可知A项错误；根据“Howcanoverlookandoverseebeopposites，whilequitealotandquiteafewarealike？”可知B项错误，D项正确；根据“Howcantheweatherbehotashellonedayandcoldashellthenext？”可知C项错误。【答案】D15．Theunderlinedwords“windup”inthelastparagraphprobablymean“”．A．blow B．finishC．rollup D．gethurt【解析】推理判断题。根据“...whenIwindupthisessay，Iendit.”可判断出windup的意思是“结束”，故选B。【答案】BⅡ.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)Alllanguageschangeovertime,butsomechangeatafasterratethanothers.16Themostimportantfactorsarethenumberofpeoplewhospeakalanguage,wheretheyliveandwhethertheymovearound,theimportanceofthelanguageforworldtradeandcommunication,andchangesintechnology.17However,todayEnglishisthemostwidelyusedlanguageintheisspokenbyabout350millionpeopleasafirstlanguageincountriessuchasGreatBritain,theUnitedaddition,aboutabillionmorepeoplespeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.EnglishstartedtotakeoverFrenchasaninternationallanguageduringtheperiodofBritishcolonialism(殖民主义)whentheEnglishruledmanycountriesinAfricaandAsia.18Thecolonialperiodcametoanendatthesametimethatseveralotherchangesexample,theU．toplayagreaterpartinglobalaffairsandtheinternationalmeansofcommunicationtechnologysuchastelevisionandtheInternetspreadEnglishworldwide.19Inaddition,theycouldusetheInternetforinformation,business,ore­mailcommunication,allinIncontrast,Icelandicisalanguagethathaschangedveryspeakerstodaycanunderstandpoetrywritteninaslightlydifferentdialectover1，000yearsago!WhyhasIcelandicchangedsoslowly?Themainreasonistheisolated(孤立的)locationoftheislandinthemiddleoftheAtlanticOcean.20ComparedtoEngland,Icelandhadnohistoryof'ssmallpopulationhasnotplayedamajorroleininternationaltradeor,mostIcelandersspeakEnglishinadditiontotheirnativeoutsideinfluences,Icelandicischangingmorerapidlynow.A．PeopleeverywherecouldwatchthenewsorsportseventsinEnglish.B．Thesechangeshaveagreatinfluenceonthedevelopmentofsociety.C．Isolationmeantthatforhundredsofyears,Icelandershadlittlecontactwithspeakersofotherlanguages.D．Whataresomeofthefactorsthatinfluencehowquicklyalanguagechanges?E．Thelanguagecommunicationbringsaboutthecommunicationoftechnology.F．Inthepast,otherlanguagessuchasLatinorFrenchweremoreimportantthanEnglish.G．Englishwastheprimarymeansofcommunicationinthesecolonies.【答案】16—20DFGAC【导学号：80512043】Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题分，满分30分)Ihadarrivedattheairportabout30minutesbeforethecheck­hadbeenavery21threedaysformewithlotsofIwasgladtohavethe22timetomakemynotesonwhatI23todothefollowingthencamethe24thatmyflighthadtobe25becausetherewasaproblemwiththeplane.AsIsatwaitingformy26tobecalled，Ireflectedonmylastmeetingofthewasnotabusinessmeetingbutratheraveryenjoyable27withanoldbusinessfriendIhadnotseenforover12lunchwasspentrecallingtimesgoneby28fillingeachotherinwhathadhappenedinourlivesoverthelast12bothlaughedandsmiledaswerecalledthegoodtimesandthegreatexperienceswehad29theendofourtimetogether，webothsaidhowmuchwehad30itandthatwemustdoitagain.Itwasgreattohavethisadditionaltimetoreplayinmy31allthatwehadtalkedrealizedjusthowimportantitwastohaveregular32ofthegoodtimesinourwasluckyenoughtohavehadthechancetotakeashort33andreflectonthegoodthingsthathadhappenedinmylifeover12years.Itwassomewhatlikelookingatanoldphotoalbum34inacupboardinyourbeforeyoureyesarelotsofwonderful35thattakeyoubacktotimesandplaces，andmostimportantlytothosepeoplewhoareinthe36Myflighthomewasfinally37threehourssmiledasI38theplaneandrealizedthatIwasnotatall39aboutthedelayintheflight，asIhadbeenabletospendthetime40onthegoodtimesfromdaysgoneby.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在一次等飞机时领悟到经常停留一下，回顾生活中美好事情的重要性。这对现代社会中忙忙碌碌的人们有特别的意义。21． B．busyC．quick D．useful【解析】由“withlotsofmeetings”可知应是很繁忙的三天。【答案】B22． B．satisfyingC．valuable D．extra【解析】在办理登机手续前30分钟到了机场，所以就有额外的时间来计划接下来需要做的事情。pleasant“令人愉快的，吸引人的”；satisfying“令人满意的”；valuable“很值钱的”；extra“额外的”。显然extra切合文意，能较好地把句子补充完整。【答案】D23． B．failedC．needed D．asked【解析】结合上下文，那三天由于一直忙于开会，“我”很乐于有时间来计划接下来“需要”做的事情，所以needed适合。【答案】C24． B．declarationC．opening D．speech【解析】分析句意可知，这时机场发布了一项通知。announcement“通知，宣告”。declaration“声明，宣言”；opening“开放，开始”；speech“演说”。【答案】A25． B．cancelledC．taken D．delayed【解析】文中提到飞机出了问题，带来的应是航班“延误”或者“取消”，但从下文可知，航班并没有被取消，所以B项cancelled(取消)错误。【答案】D26． B．turnC．name D．order【解析】飞机没有来，“我”坐在那里应该是等待“航班”。flight“飞行航班”。turn“转动，(依次轮到的)机会”；name“名字”；order“命令，次序”。【答案】A27． B．lunchC．party D．chat【解析】下文中出现了lunch，照应上文。理解全句，应为“那不是一个商务会议，而是与一个长达12年没见面的业务上的老朋友的愉快的午餐。”【答案】B28．well B．exceptforC．aswellas D．inaddition【解析】分析句意，作者要表达的是在午饭时做了什么，filling和recalling引导的短语是并列关系，需要aswellas连接。aswell“也，又”，多用于句末；exceptfor“除……以外”；inaddition“另外”。【答案】C29． B．metC．managed D．shared【解析】share表示“分享，共有”，可以构成完整的句意。句意：想到以前我们一起度过的快乐时光和美好的经历，我们都很开心。【答案】D30． B．enjoyedC．made D．paid【解析】由“wemustdoitagain”可知，我们当然很满意那天的聚会。分析四个选项的意思，只有enjoy“喜欢，满意”合适。pay“付费”；get“理解；明白”；make“获得成功”，均与句意不符。【答案】B31． B．spiritC．flight D．mind【解析】句意：有这样一个额外的时间来回想我们的对话实在是太好了。回想当然应是在大脑中，所以mind“头脑，心思”符合文意。【答案】D32． B．plansC．reminders D．remains【解析】此处说的是作者的感受，强调这次谈话对作者的影响。reminder“提醒人的事物，引起回忆的事物”，符合语境。time“时间”；plan“计划”；remains“残余物，遗迹”。【答案】C33． B．cutC．method D．break【解析】从上下文可知，显然作者认为自己很幸运，有这样一个机会来放松并回忆过去12年的快乐时光。break恰好能与take搭配，takeabreak“放松，休息”。【答案】D34．away B．putonC．setaside D．givenout【解析】storeaway“收藏，保存”；puton“穿上”；setaside“留出，暂不考虑”；giveout“公布，用尽”。句意：这就有点像是在看保存在你家橱柜里的老相册一样。因此storeaway符合句意。【答案】A35． B．memoriesC．awards D．presents【解析】看着相册，展现在眼前的应是许多精彩的“回忆”。【答案】B36． B．booksC．childhood D．photos【解析】上文提到了“photoalbum”显然说的是“照片”中的人物。句意：呈现在你眼前的是许多精彩的回忆，它们带你回到过去的时光和场景，更重要的是，它们让你想起照片中的那些人。【答案】D37． B．phonedC．called D．commanded【解析】由第26空后的tobecalled可知。【答案】C38． B．boardedC．jumped D．reached【解析】飞机来了，当然要登机了，boardtheplane“登机”，为正确答案。【答案】B39． B．happyC．crazy D．surprised【解析】通读整篇文章可知作者这时的心情应是很愉快的。此处意为：我微笑着登上飞机，对于飞机的晚点一点儿也不心烦意乱。结合句意，upset符合语境。【答案】A40． B．seizingC．reflecting D．bringing【解析】作者心情好的原因应是“有时间去回顾那些逝去的美好时光”。第二段和第三段都用到了reflecton这个短语，意思是“回忆，反思”。takeon“呈现”；seizeon“把握”；bringon“使发展，导致(通常指坏事)，促使提高”。【答案】CⅣ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)Avolunteerteacher'slife【导学号：80512044】After41.(graduate)fromtheuniversity，asavolunteerteacher，ItravelledalongwaytoasmallvillageschoolinLongzhou，42.(imagine)thevillage，theschool，andthechildrenthereonthe.，IfeltsadwhenIarrivedwasn't44.Ididn'tlooklikeaschoolatall！Theschoolhadonlythreerooms，oneforGrades1，2and3，andanotheroneforGrades4，5andthethirdonewaspreparedforme.Thechildrenwelcomedme45.(warm)onmyfirst(ask)alotofquestions，Ipatientlytoldthemstoriesaboutmyselfandmylifeinnextday，Igavethema.thetestwasquiteeasy，overhalfofthestudentsfailedknewtheyneededme.Iwasbusy48.(prepare)lessons，andmarkingtestpaperseveryenjoyedteachingtheselovelyandhardworkingchildren，andIcouldseethattheyweremakingprogresswithmyhavealsolearnedalotfromunderstandtheirlives49.(well)thanbefore，andwearenowgoodfriends.IhaveworkedinLongzhoufora'mveryhappy，andtheexperiencehasbeenveryusefulforlovethesmallvillage，theschoolandthefact，Iwouldliketocontinue50.(work)here.【答案】ThoughⅤ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)ItwasMingwasthefirstcometothehecameintohisseat，therefore，hefoundhisbenchwastherewasnobodyaround，hedecidedtochangeitwithWangGang's，andsoheawhile，WangGanghesawabrokenbench，hecarrieditou