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学习必备欢迎下载动词的时态和语态动词的时态:动词主要表示动作,其次表示状态,动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式时间按方式^\现在过去将来一般令work/works令worked令shall/willwork进行am/is/areworking令was/wereworking令shall/willbeworking令完成have/hasworked令hadworked令/shall/willhaveworkec完成进行have/hasbeendoing令/Hadbeenworking英语中共有16中时态,新课程标准中要求掌握其中的10种(有标记的),另外,过去完成进所以有总计12种时态。学习必备欢迎下载【一般体】一、一般现在时:[表示经常或反复发生的动作表示现在的情况或状态Y表示永恒的真理用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时1.表示经常或反复发生的动作,这种用法中经常与often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday等时间状语连用。Eg:Sheusuallygetsupat6:00.Iplayfootballafterschooleveryafternoon.(2013陕西,11)OnMondaymorningitusuallymeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.A.takes B.istaking C.took D.willtake(2013湖南,24)Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhatus.A.bothersB.hadbothered C.wouldbotherD.bothered(10辽宁30)Iallthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI,vebeentoobusytodoit.A.willdo B.do C.amdoing D.haddone(2012北京朝阳一模,31)-----Haveyouseenmye-mailaboutourTESTproject? Yes.LuckilyIcheckedmye-mailyesterday.NormallyImye-mailboxfordays.A.haven’tB.didn’topenC.hadn’t D.don’topen2.表示现在的情况或状态Eg:Ienjoycomputergames.ShespeaksSpanish.(2011全国卷I)23.Planningsofaraheadnosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear..A.madeB.ismakingC.makes D.hasmade(2011重庆卷)31.LookattheprideonTom,sface.Hetohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming(10重庆29)

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding now.A.remains B.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremained3,表示永恒的真理、科学事实及自然现象Eg:Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Metalexpandswhenheated.(2011济南一中阶段)Theteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.istravelingD.travels【2012全国新课程】23."Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow",Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystep"A.hasshown B.isshowingC.shows D.showed【答案】C【解析】此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话,这里是直接引语,句子的内容是生活哲理。所以用一般现在时。句意:奶奶过去常常说:“生活就像在雪中行走,因为每一步都看得见。”4.用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时用在if,unless,aslongas引导的条件状语从句中;when,before,until,assoonas,themoment,once弓I导的时间状语从句中;nomatterwh-或wh-ever引导的让步状语从句中。Eg:I’llgowithyouaslongasIfinishmywork.Don’ttrytorunbeforeyoubegintowalk.Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.【2012辽宁'卷】35.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIonFriday.A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid(10四川16) Whenshallwerestartourbusiness? Notuntilweourplan.A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.aretofinish D.havefinished学习必备 欢迎下载二、一般过去时:1.表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用时间状语:then,yesterday,justnow,anhourago,inthepast,in2000,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek等;、2.表示过去时间内经常或习惯性的动作;3.用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替过去将来时;Rubycametoseemeyesterday.WhenIwasaboy,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.注意:表示过去时间内经常或习惯性的动作时往往与usedto,would连用。其中:woulddo动作具有反复性,,usedtodo往往不具有反复性;usedtodo有"今非昔比”的意思,woulddo没有此意。Eg:Peopleusedtobelievethattheearthwasflat.(现在已不这样认为)Hewouldassoonashewasfree.(现在有可能还回去)HepromisedthatifhissongotafullmarkinthenextexamhewouldbuyhimanewMP4player.(条件句中)注意:叙述某一动作或状态在过去持续的一段时间后终止或在过去某段时间内发生了若干次时要用一般过去式。Eg:NowIaminTaiyuan,whileIlivedinJilinfor25years.(尽管有for+段时间,居住在吉林被看做是过去的一种经历,属于一般过去式。)HewenttoBeijing3timeslastyears.(12天津12)ThethreeofusaroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.A.travelled B.havetravelledC.hadtravelledD.travel(变式题)IinLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.lived B.wasliving C.haveworked D.hadlived【2012北京卷】30.Ourfriendshipquicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.A.haddeveloped B.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelop D.developed30.D。描述在过去阶段发生的动作,强调状态,用一般过去式。

学习必备 欢迎下载【主要考点】:1)叙述过去某时的动作:很多时候没有明显一般过去时标志性词或短语,基本要根据上下文语境来判断某一动作发生于过去:如:【2012重庆卷】22.-Kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?-Well,IatestandI,mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtake B.took C.hadtakenD.take(2013重庆21)IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andIstraighttobed.A.goB.went C.haddone D.havedone(2009湖南35)------Thefoodhereisniceenough. Myfriendarightplace.A.introducesB.introducedC.hadintroducedD.wasintroducing2)两个过去的动作比较先后,先发生haddone;后发生dido一般用于主从句中,或根据上下文判断:(2012浙江13)Peterhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,butthatplanaftertheunpleasantexperienceinCanadain2010.A.hadabandonedB.abandoned C.abandonD.willabandon【2012全国新课程】33.Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbersbeforemyeyes.A.swim B.swum C.swamD.hadswum【2012山东卷】28.AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,heworkingonhisproject.A.hadstarted B.hasstartedC.started D.starts3)有时用在对过去的推测后:表过去的实际情况(2010安徽26)Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe.A.wasbusyB.isbusyC.hadbeenbusyD.willbebusy(2011北京)-----Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.——Yeah,itusawholeweektogothere.A.takes B.took C.hastakenD.wastaking(2012安徽合肥二次质检)Hecouldhavebeenadoctor20yearsago,buthetobeateacher.A.chosehadchosenhaschosenA.chosehadchosenhaschosenD.chooses学习必备 欢迎下载4)叙述某一动作或状态在过去持续的一段时间后终止或在过去某段时间内发生了若干次时要用一般过去式。【2012北京卷】30.Ourfriendshipquicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.A.haddeveloped B.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelop D.developed30.D。描述在过去阶段发生的动作,强调状态,用一般过去式三、一般将来时,will/shalldosth.表示将来发生的事,标志性词:tomorrow,inextweek/month•”,soon等等。begoingtodoj^表示计划、安排将要做的事1表示说话者根据现在的迹象推断即将发生的事beabouttodosth表示马上就要发生的动作,含有“immediatefuture”的含义,故不与具体的时间状语连用,但可以与when(并列连词)引导的句子连用。betodosth.表示计划、安排要做的事,或按责任、义务要求必须要去做的事will/shalldosth.⑴will可用来表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。Eg:Fishwilldiewithoutwater.⑵will/shalldo表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,有时含有偶然性、临时性决定的意思.(shall主语为第一人称,will主语不受限制)Eg: DoyouknowMr.Smithhascometoourtown? No.Iwill/shalldotoseehim.(2013北京25)-----DoyouthinkMomandDadlate? No.SwissAirisusuallyontime.A.willbeB.were C.wouldbe D.havebeen(2013重庆二模) HowlongonearthshallIhavetowait?---Sorry,sir.Justaminute.ThereatableavailableA.is B.was C.willbe D.hasbeen

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载(2012安徽安庆二模)Noconclusionaboutthenewproductuntiltheresultoftheexperimenthasbeenannounced.A.willbedrawn B.wasdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.isdrawn【2012湖南卷】22.Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonowlaterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaidbegoingtodoEg:HeisgoingtospeakonTVthisevening.(表按计划、安排)Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.(begoingtodo…when…)beabouttodo/beonthepointofdoingsth都表示立即的将来,不与时间状语连用,常与when(=andatthattime)连用。(beabouttodo/beonthepointofdoing••,when…)Eg:Thetrainisabouttostart.Shewasjustabouttosaysomethingmorewhenshenoticedthesullenlookonhisface.Hewasabouttotellmethesecretsomeonepattedhimontheshoulder.(2002年上海卷)A.asB.untilC.whileD.when有些表示位置转移的动词,如:come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start等,其现在进行时表表示按计划、安排近期要发生的动作。Eg:I’mleavingforBeijingnextmonth.(2008湖南)Themomentsoon.Hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.A.came B.hascome C.iscomingD.wascoming5.某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事,此种情况常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。Eg:Wemusthurryup.Thefirstclassbeginsat8o’lock.(2013重庆,33)AmidsummerNightfsDreamattheTheatreRoyalonthe19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.A.opens B.willopen C.isopen D.willbeopenedbetodosth

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载⑴表示计划、安排要做的事Eg:Sheistobemarriednextmonth.TheQueenistovisitJapaninaweek’stime.⑵表按责任、义务要求必须要去做的事,表示“应该",相当于should/oughttoEg:Youaretoreportittothepolice.你应该报警。(3)表示想、打算,相当于intend,wantEg:Ifwearetobetherebeforeten,we’llhavetogonow.四、过去将来时:表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态.有些表示位置转移的动词,如:come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start等其过去进行时表示将来进行时。(2013课标II,7)Weveryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.A.leaveB.hadleft C.wereleavingD.haveleft(2013江西35)Itovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.A.come B.came C.amcoming D.wascoming(12河北衡水二次调研) HaveyoumetMr.Li?——Yes.WhenIarrived,heforShanghaitoattendanationalconference.A.justleftB.hadjustleftC.justleavesD.wasjustleaving【2012山东卷】34.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers.A.willleave B.areleavingC.haveleft D.wereleaving【答案】D【解析】此处用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这里wereleaving表示:过去要离开。句意:听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去,经理很关注。【进行体】进行体表示某一时刻或阶段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态,具有暂时性和未完成性的特点。一、现在进行时::说话时正在进行的动作,常用时间状语有“ now,atthismoment/look,listen,hurryup”等[目前一段时间内正在做的事情,但说话时未必在做;与always,constantly,continually,allthetime等连用,表示说♦话者的抱怨、赞扬、同情等情感。

学习必备 欢迎下载Eg:Heisconstantlyleavinghisthingsabout.(表不满)Youarealwaysthinkingofothers.表赞许)考点:表说话时正在进行的动作,此时有时间状语:(2013北京,28)Hurryup!MarkandCarolus.A.expectB.areexpectingC.haveexpectedD.willexpect表目前一段时间内正在做的事情,但说话时未必在做,此时要根据具体上下文语境:(2013天津13)Thewatersupplyhasbeencutofftemporarilybecausetheworkersoneofthemainpipes.A.hadrepairedB.haverepairedC.repaired D.arerepaired(2012安徽淮北一模34)—Sorry,sir,yourcarisn,treadyyet.Itbyourworkers.——Oh,myGod,whencanIcometofetchit?A.isrepairedB.hasbeenrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired二、过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作,时间状语有“justnow,then,atthattime,atthistimeyesterday/atj thatmoment或when/while”;与always,constantly,continually,allthetime等连用,表示说话者 者的抱怨、赞扬、同情等情感.考点:根据具体时间状语;更多的时候根据上下文语意,表达的是过去某时里的某点时间正在进行的动作。was/weredoing when…..:正要•••这时突然••一(2013陕西17)Jimalatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.waswatchingD.wouldbewatching(2013湖南34)——Idon’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.(过去进行时在对话中往往表达做出解释来支持自己当时的做法) I’msosorry.ButImyhomework.A.haddonewasdoingwoulddoamdoing

A.haddonewasdoingwoulddoamdoing学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载【2012四川卷】9.—DidyoucatchwhatIsaid?—Sorry,Iatextmessagejustnow.A.hadansweringB.haveansweredC.wouldanswerD.wasanswering【答案与解析】D本题考查动词时态。句意为:“你听懂我所说的了吗?”“对不起。我刚刚在回短信。”根据句意及时间状语justnow可知,回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点,即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作,故选过去进行时态D。(2011全国卷I)24.Iwasn’tsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhepolite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeen D.wouldjustbe(2011浙江卷)15.Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistant__inhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.A.gaveB.givesC.wasgivingD.hadgiven三、将来进行时:表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或因为已经做好安排,认为肯定会发生的动作。Eg:(2012辽宁)Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningIwillbeflyingtoShanghai.(将进往往含有期待之感)(2013江苏25)----CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?——Sure.Iareportathome.A.willbewriting B.willhavewrittenC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting(2012陕西24)------CanIcallyoubackattwoo’clockatthisafternoon? I’msorry,butbythenItoBeijing.Howaboutfive?A.flyB.willflyC.willbeflyingD.amflying(2009安徽23)Daniel’sfamilytheirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.(将进往往含有期待之感)A.areenjoyingB.willbeenjoyingC.willenjoyD.aretoenjoy【完成体】一、现在完成时:高频考点have/hasdone;have/hasbeendone1.表示一件发生于过去的事情对现在的影响或导致的结果。常用的状语有:学习必备 欢迎下载already,yet,never,ever,just,before.Eg:Ihaveseenthisfilmbefore.(Iknowthefilmnow.)——Wouldyoulikeapieceofcake?——No,Thanks.Ihavealreadyhadlunch.(Iamfullnow.)【考试形式】在高考中主要要求我们通过上下文语境分析出是过去的动作对现在的影响且重点强调对现在的影响或结果。(2013山东27)---Oh,no!Wearetoolate.Thetrain.——That,sOK.We,llcatchthenexttraintoLondonAwasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.hasbeenleaving(2011安徽卷)一Ididn,taskforthenamelist.Whyonmydesk?—Iputittherejustnowincaseyouneededit.A.doesitland B.hasitlandedC.willitlandD.haditlanded(2011高考预测)Nowthatweallthemoney,it,snouseturningonmeandsayingit,sallmyfault.A.hadlost B.lost C.havelost D.lose(2011黑龙江哈九中二模)Someonehiscarinfrontofmyhouseanditisblockingmydriveway.A.hadparkedB.wasparkingC.parkedD.hasparked【2012江西卷】26.--Look!Somebodythesofa.--Well,itwasn'tme.Ididn'tdoit.A.iscleaningB.wascleaningC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned(12湖南十二校联考)DavidthetestforfurtherstudyintheUSA.Let’shaveapartytocongratulatehim.A.passesB.haspassedC.hasbeenpassingD.hadpassed【2012浙江卷】16.—Alvin,areyoucomingwithus?一I'dloveto,butsomethingunexpected.A.hascomeupB.wascomingupC.hadcomeupD.wouldcomeup2.表示一个动作始于过去,持续到现在(也许还将持续下去,也许正好在现在停止了,我们不管它)。表示从过去持续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:“lately,recently,in/over/duringthepast/last....(fewdays/years),sincethen,uptonow,sofar,for+段时间”

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载Eg:Inthepast10years,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Hehaswritten8bookssofar.主句+since点主句+since点点时间Havedone段时间+ago;句子(did)22008.Eg:Hehasbeenin22008.3yearsago.Jisdadpassedaway.注意:It『is2years+since注意:It『is2yearshhasbeen2years从句中谓语动词用非延续性动词,正常翻译(即此动作的开始)Itis3yearssincetheoldmandied.这个老人去世两年了。若从句谓语动词用的延续性动词,翻译时要译成此动作的相反面/结束Itis8yearssinceIsmoked.我戒烟有8年了。Eg:(2012山东高考预测)一-—Haven’tseenyouforages!DoyoustillworkinGuangzhou? .It‘stwoyearssinceIworkedthere.A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,Ido.C.No,Ihaven D.No,Idon’t.(2011湖南卷)30.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIsinceIcametothisschool.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.amattending D.haveattended【2012安徽卷】26.Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagersalltheycanoverthepastfivehours.A.did B.doC.haddoneD.havebeendoing(2011天津卷)3.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmsallovertheword.A.haveproduced B.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced(2011北京海淀二模)Myfatherawayfortwomonths.Iwanttodosomethingspecialforhimwhenhecomesbacknextmonth.A.willbeB.hasbeenC.wasD.hadbeenA.willbeB.hasbeenC.wasD.hadbeen学习必备 欢迎下载.”在最高级+名词”或“It/Thisis+thefirst/second...time”之后的定语从句中,谓语动词要用现在完成时。Eg:Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavecomehere.Thisisthebesttea(that)Ihaveeverdrunk.It'smyfirstgoodmeal(that)Ihavehadforages..在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,代替将来完成时。表示“将来某时”之前已经完成的动作。主将从现(一般现在、现在进行、现在完成Eg:IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.IwillgowithyouaslongasIhavefinishedmywork.(2013安徽六校教育研究会测试)—Whenwilltheexpertcomeandgivethelectureon ?——Assoonasourprogrambytheauthorities. 知识产权4^A.approvesB.willbeapprovedC.istoapprove D.hasbeenapproved【易混点】:现在完成时与一般过去时Eg:IinLondonformanyyears,butI'veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.lived B.wasliving C.haveworked D.hadlived现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别:1.现在完成时的第一种用法是现完进表达不了的,即动作的完成性一对现在的影响或结果;(2011山东卷)35Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechildreneverything!A.hadbeeneatingB.hadeatenC.haveeaten D.havebeeneating(10全国II9)Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe,stheonlyoneofthewomenwhoeveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn2.现完的第二种用法中,现完进似乎是它的强调形式:1)强调现在仍在进行;2)强调从过去到现在动作一直不停的进行或反复的进行的动作(可能刚刚停止,有人可能还要继续下去);3)现完进有感情色彩!(10江苏23)—why,Jack,youlooksotired!

学习必备 欢迎下载—Well,IthehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.A.waspaintingB.willbepaintingC.havepainted D.havebeenpainting【2012全国II】18.Themanagertheworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetold【答案】C【解析】现在完成进行时表示:过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在,现在刚刚结束或还在进行。句意:经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停的告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。根据句意选C。(2013江西南昌一模) Nicetoseeyouagainafteralltheseyears.What? Well,I‘vetriedmanythingssinceweleftschool.I’mnowworkingforalargeoilcompany.(强调现在)A.haveyoudone B.WereyoudoingC.haveyoubeendoing D.didyoudo有些题的选项只给出现完进,这时,只要你能确定用完成时就可以选出答案。实际上是因为此时用现完也可以,所以就给出一个现完进。(10重庆31) Whydoyouwanttoworkforourcompany?——ThisisthejobthatIfor.(从过去一直没停的再找,现在刚刚结束)A.lookedB.amtolookC.hadlookedD.havebeenlooking(2011北京卷)23TominthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonthsA.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadworked(10陕西21)IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseIalotlately.A.havebeencoughingB.hadcoughedC.coughed D.cough二、过去完成时:1.一件事情发生在过去,而另一件事情先于它发生(即表“过去的过去"),那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。常用于宾语从句、(before/when)时间状语从句中;或根据上下文;Eg:Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.(2013辽宁22)Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,heitforaverylongtime.A.hashadB.hadhadC.hasD.hadA.hashadB.hadhadC.hasD.had学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载(10湖南27)Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeoneit.Wasityou?A.hasdone B.haddone C.woulddoD.willdo(2012江苏32)ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPairswherehesomeEuropeanbusinesspartners.A.wouldmeetB.ismeeting C.meetsD.hadmet(2009上海

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