被动语态,主谓一致课件

语法GRAMMAR

Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.TheSagradaFamiliawasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi.Florence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartists.Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation.TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.(1)PASSIVEVOICEGRAMMAR(1)PASSIVEVOICE

AboutamilliontouristsvisitFlorenceeveryyear.TenmillionpeoplevisitedLondonlastyear.LeonardodaVincipaintedtheMonaLisa.Picassodidn’tpainttheMonaLisa.ThousandsofworkersbuilttheGreatWallofChina.

Makethefollowingsentencespassive.GRAMMAR

(1)PASSIVEVOICEFlorenceisvisitedbyamilliontouristseveryyear.Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci.TheMonaLisawasnotpaintedbyPicasso.

TheGreatWallwasbuiltbythousandsofworkers.PassiveVoiceMoudleone语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态(PassiveVoice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be+v-ed形式。动词的被动语态由于语态是动词的一种形式，它只表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系，它没有表示动作发生的时间和方式，因此，被动语态形式的句子，仍然有各种时态变化。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所

以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。1．被动语态的构成be+v-ed1）一般现在时am/is/are+v-edYou'rewantedonthetelephone.

有人给你打电话。2）一般过去时was/were+v-edThebookwasfinishedlastweek.

这书是上周写完的。3）一般将来时willbe+v-edYou'llbeallowedtogoouttomorrow.

明天让你出去。4）现在进行时和过去进行时

①

Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.

这幢楼正在建设之中。②Thebikeswerebeingrepaired.

那时正在修自行车。5）现在完成时和过去完成时①Thisbookhasbeentranslatedinto

English.这本书已被译成英语。②Thecarhadbeenrepaired.

这时汽车已修完了。2．被动语态的用法1)

我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执

行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。

Thebookiswrittenforteachers.

这种书是为教师写的。2)

动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带

由by引起的短语)。

Theshopisrunbyayoungman.

这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。3．学习、使用被动语态应注意下面几点1)

短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。Thesebooksmustbetaken

goodcare

of.

这些书必须好好保管。Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.

孩子们受到了良好的护理。2)带双宾语的动词的被动语态：

(give,send,take,bring,teach,tell,offer,

sing,buy,promise,make,write,ask,

lend,show,pay等)将其中一个宾语变成主

语，另一个宾语作为保留宾语，或变为介词

宾语，作状语。Wegavehim

somepicture-books.→Hewasgivensomepicture-books.→Somepicture-booksweregiventohim.

我们给他一些图画书。3)有些动词主动语态形式表示被动语态如：sell,wash,wear,等。Thebooksellswell.

这本书畅销。Silkwearswell.

丝耐穿。Thisclothwasheswell.

这种布料耐洗。4)

不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态如：happen,takeplace等。5）感官动词不用被动语态如feel,taste,smell

等。4.Practice:1．—“TownHallisthetallestbuilding

inthecity.”

—“______fromhere?”A.Canitsee B.CanitbeseenC.Canbeseenit D.Cansee答案B。TownHall(市政厅)应当是被看

见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因这是一个

问句，故选B。2．—“Theceremonyhasalready

started.”—“Look!Theflagis______now.”A．beingraised

B．risenC．beingrose

D．raising答案A。risevi.升起，不能有被动形式，

故B,C不能选用。raisevt.举起，升起。

后要接宾语，故D不适用。beingraised

正在被升起，正符合题意。3．Thecrime______

millions,becausethespeechwason

television.A.wasseenby B.wassawbyC.seenby

D.wasseenfor答案A。根据题意：

犯罪行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。4.Thethingstalkedaboutinthisreport

______overa

yearago.

A.hadtakenplace

B.tookplaceC.havetakenplace

D.weretakenplace答案B。takeplace,occur,happen发生，均为不及物动词词组，没有被动语态。5．Theanti-JapaneseWar______

in

1937andit______

eightyears.A．wasbrokenout;lastedB．brokeout;lastedC．breakout;lastsD．brokeout;waslasted答案B。breakout,last均为不及物动词

（短语），没有被动语态。6．Comeandsitdownbythefire.

Yourhand______.A．feelssocold

B．isfeltsocoldlyC．feelssocoldly

D．feelsocold答案A。feel（摸起来有……的感觉）seem,

sound,look等作为系动词使用，系表结构没

有被动语态。7．Ineedonemorestampbeforemy

collection

______.('94)A．hascompleted

B．completesC．hasbeencompleted

D．iscompleted我所集的邮票还差一张才能成整套。答案D。before引导的时间状语从句中

用现在时表示将来，而collection与

complete之间为被动关系。8．Insomepartsoftheworld,tea

______withmilkandsugar.('93)A．isserving

B．isservedC．serves

D．served在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶

和蔗糖。答案B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常

用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选

择。serve意思是“供给”或

“送上”，

此处应用被动语态。9．He'llbeanastronautbythetimehe

______thirty.('93)A．is

B．hadbeenC．willbe

D．isgoingtobe到他三十岁时，他就会成为一名宇航员。答案A。主句中用的是一般将来时，

bythe

time引导时间状语从句中用现

在时态表示将来。GRAMMAR

Myfamily

livesinCardiff.

Oursoccerteam

isfantastic.

Thewholeclass

ishere.

NeitherAmynorHelen

isEnglish.

Noneofthem

hasarrivedyet.

Eachofthem

hasacapitalcity.

Neitherofthem

isEnglish.(2)SUBJECTANDVERBAGREEMENTGRAMMAR

Thepolice

aresearchingforhim.

Somesheepareoverthere.

Fiveminutes

isenoughtodothisexercise.

Morethanonestudent

hasseenthisfilm.

Manyaship

hasbeendamagedinthestorm.

Menofthiskind

aredangerous.Betweenthetwowindowshangs

apicture.(2)SUBJECTANDVERBAGREEMENT主谓一致要点精讲“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。1.everyoneof

oneof

eachof

eitherofneitherof+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

Eachofthestudentshasabook.

Eachofthegirls

likesdancing.

Oneofthem

hasbeenabroad.

Neitherofthetwoboys

isgoodat

English.2.

each/every/no/manya+单数名词

and

each/every/no/manya+单数名词

作主语，谓语动词用单数。Eachbookand

eachpaperisfound

initsplace.Everyboyand

everygirlhastheright

toreceiveeducation.Many

aboyand

manyagirlhasseen

thesepainting.Everyhourandminuteisimportant.第二个each,every,no,manya可以省略。noneof...结构作主语指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些；着重个别，则用单数较好。Noneofthemoneyisyours.Noneofushave／haseverbeenabroad.3.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.4.morethanone/manya+单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复)Morethanonestudenthastried.Manyastudentandteacheriswatchingthefootballmatch.Manyamanhasdiedinthewar.5.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,party,crowd,majority,audience,government,public,group,等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。Hisfamily

isinHarbin.Hisfamily

aremusiclovers.Thecommitteewasmadeupof10members.Thecommitteewereinthehall.1．Hisfamily_______asmallone．2．Hisfamily_______fatandshort． A.is,is B.are,are

C.is,are D.are,is此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。6.就近原则1)由…or…,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…,not…but…

等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致。

Notonly

he

butalso

I

aminvited.Ior

hisbrothersweretoblame.Neither

I

nor

he

istoattendthe

meeting.Notonly

thestudents

butalso

their

teacher

isenjoyingthefilm.2)当therebe/herebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

1.

Thereisapen,aknifeandseveral

booksonthedesk..2.

Therearetwentyboy-studentsand

twenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.3.

Hereisaletterandabookforyou.4.

Therearethreechairs,twotablesand

abikeinthehouse.7.主语后跟

“with,

alongwith,togetherwith,

like,

unlike,

besides,

but,

except,

including,

aswellas,

asmuchas,

ratherthan,

morethan,

nolessthan,

andnot+名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。(就远原则）1.

Theteacher

withanumberofstudents

isintheclassroom.2.

Tom,asmuchasyou,wasresponsiblefortheloss.3.

He

morethanyouisanxioustogothere.8.“the＋adj./v-ed/v-ing”作主语

the+

dying,young,old,blind,rich,sick,wounded,poor及dead等词，相当于复数名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语用复数。TheoldinChinaarelivingahappylife.Thewounded

havebeensaved.Thesick

havebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.9.

表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。

Eighthoursofsleep

isenough.

Ahundredmilesisalongdistance.

Tenpounds

wasmissingfrommypocket.Twentyyears

haspassedsincehelefthishometown.10.population做主语指人口,谓语用单数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；分数/百分数+ofthepopulation做主语，谓语用复数。Thepopulationofthevillageis538.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.11.theOlympicGames,theAsianGames

做主语，谓语用复数。TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.12.动名词、不定式、从句做主语1).单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。Makingspeeches

isnotherstrongpoint.Growingflowers

needsconstantwatering.2).

由and连接的两个(或多个)动名词或不定式作主语如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同或相似，谓语用单数；如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。Lyingandstealing

arenotright.Toloveandtobeloved

issweetthing.13.

由and连接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数，但由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。

The

workerandwriter

is

fromBeijing.(那个工人兼作家…)

Theworkerandthewriter

are

fromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)14.

a+单数名词+andahalf,

a+单数名词+ortwo

作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Ayearandahalfhaspassed.

Adayortwoisenough.oneortwo+复数名词,

oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。Oneortwoboysknowit.OneandahalfmonthshavepassedsinceIsawhim.AmonthandahalfhaspassedsinceIsawhim.

15.“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数;“许多”“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“…的数量”Thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasincreased.Anumberofchildren

likethissong.thequantityof+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数。aquantityof+复数名词,谓语用复数。aquantityof+不可数名词,谓语用单数.quantitiesof+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用复数。Quantitiesoftea

weresoldlastmonth.Alargequantityofbeer

wassoldout.Thequantityofbooksinthelibraryisamazing.16.Quantity/iesof+名词复数/不可数名词half

most

enough

part

therest

thelast

lots

some

plenty

分数

百分数+of+名词作主语谓语动词要和of

之后的名词保持一致。17.Therestofthepeoplepresentare

againsttheplan.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthis

coveredbysea.Overtwentypercentofthecity

was

destroyedinthewar.Forty-fivepercentofthedoctors

were

women.Only40percentofthestudentsintheclassareboys.1.______youorhetheteacherof

English?Neithermysisternormymother

______presentatthemeeting.A.Are,wasB.Is,wereC.Are,areD.Is,isADoSomeExercises2.Whenandwheretobuildthenew

factory______yet.A.isnotdecided

B.arenotdecided

C.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided析:当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。A3.Oneortwodays____enoughtosee

thecity．A.isB.areC.amD.be4.NeithermywifenorImyself____able

topersuademydaughtertochange

hermind．A.isB.areC.amD.be5.Nottheteacher,butthestudents

____lookingforwardtoseeingthe

film．A.isB.areC.amD.be6.His“SelectedPoems”____first

publishedin1965.A.were B.was

C.hasbeen D.havebeenB7.Awomanwithsomechildren______

soon． A.iscoming B.arecoming C.hascom