Unit 7 British Education System (英国的教育体制)

Unit7 BritishEducationSystem英国的教育体制)一、本单元重点内容ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem ()Therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass (教育与社会等级之间的关系)Theinfluenceofthechurchonschooling (教会对于学校教育的影响)The1944EducationAct (1944年的教育法)Comprehensiveschool {<英>()综合中学}Grammarschool (文法学校)TheNationalCurriculum ()publicschool {(英国的)}GCSE GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation (中学毕业证书)GCE-A GeneralCertificateofEducation---Advanced (高级水平测试结业证书)GNVQs GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications (国家专业资格证书)OldUniversities (古老的大学)OpenUniversity ()二、本单元重、难点辅导thepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem“ThethreeR’s”(“reading,’ritingand’rithmetic”)—toprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsocietyandalsotosocialisechildren,teachingthemrulesandvaluesneededtobecomegoodcitizens,toparticipateinthecommunity,antocontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.教授学生3R课程(即读、写、算)，为学生积极参与社会提供所需的基本知识和基本技能，会，为一个发达的工业化国家的经济繁荣作贡献。therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclassclassinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolic（教育政策可以铲除到你的社会地位）theschooltieisaclearmarkerofsocialclass校服的领带是社会阶级的一个明显标志thefamousboys’publicschool(()andWinchester（温切斯特公学，位于英格兰南部）the“right”universities:Oxford牛津)andCambridge(剑桥)(nicknamed:Oxbridge)theinfluenceofthechurchonschoolingHistorically,educationwasvoluntaryandmanyoftheschoolsthatexistedweresetupbychurches.TheinfluenceoftheChurchonschoolingisstillstrong:religiouseducationwastheonlysubjectwhichthestateinsistedallschoolsteachtheirpupils.Dailyprayersandsinginghymnsisstillaregularpartofschoollife.Changes:Christianityisnolongertheonlyreligionofficiallyrecognized.Somestate-fundedschoolshaveIslamicreligionastheircreed.*In1989,thegovernmentintroducedaNationalCurriculum(全国教学大纲).Ithasreintroducedcompetitionbetweenschools.The1944EducationActThe1944EducationActmadeentrytosecondaryschoolsanduniversities“meritocratic”.Childrenwouldbeadmittedtoschoolsnotbecausetheywereofcertainsocialclassorbecausetheirparentspossessedacertainamountofmoney,butbecauseoftheabilitiestheydisplayed.Allchildrenweregiventherighttoafreesecondaryeducationandthemainconcernwastomakemorechildrenhadaccesstoagoodeducation.1944年教育法的颁布使中学和大学都录取才智和能力出众的学生。二次世界大战期间，英国进行了教育改革，1944年颁布了教育法。新的教育法强调平等就学的机会，无论家庭受中学教育，主要是为了让更多的孩子有机会接受良好的教育。thepresenteducationsystem*stateschools&private/independentschools(inUK,calledpublicschools公学，指私立中学) Independentschools:arecommonlycalledpublicschoolswhichreceivetheirfundingthroughtheprivate.sectorandtuitionrates,withsomegovernmentassistance.Independentschoolsarenotpartofnationaleducationsystem,butthequalityofinstructionandstandardsaremaintainedthroughvisitsfromHerMajesty’sInspectorsofSchools(学校检查).Theseschoolsarerestrictedtothestudentswhoseparentsarecomparativelyrich.独立学校经常被称之为“公学”,1).pre-primaryschooling(uptoage5)nurseryschools(托儿所)，daycare(托儿所的日托),orplaygroups*fromagesof5(4inNorthernIreland)to16,educationiscompulsoryprimaryschooling(5-11, 6years)---mainlystatesector,co-educational/mixedschoolssecondaryschooling(11--around19, 7years)①comprehensiveschools(①90%;②admitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneraleducation,teachingstudents everythingfromacademiclikeliteraturetomorepracticalsubjectslikecooking)综合性中学是当今英国最普遍的中学。这样的中学在招收学生时不考虑学生的学习能力，提供普通教育，向学生传授学术课程（如文学）到实用课程（如烹饪）等广泛的知识。②grammarschools(a).selectchildrenattheage11throughanexaminationcalled“the11-plus”,inwhichthosewhogetthehighestmarksgotogrammarschools;b).layemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensivesandexpectmanyoftheirpupilstogoontouniversities;c).thegrammarschool/non-grammarschooldivisionisstillcommoninNorthernIreland,butthroughouttherestofGreatBritaingrammarschoolarebecomingincreasinglyrare)文法学校是英国的一种中学。文法学校通过“11-plus”考试来选拔学生。一般是11岁的孩子*after5yearsofsecondaryschooling,ataboutage16,exceptScottishstudents,thestudentssittheirGCSEexams(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation)中学毕业证书考试thentheycan:①quitschool;②orpreparetosituniversityentranceexams;Thosewhohopetoattenduniversitycarryontheiracademicstudyinthe6thformforafurther2yearsandthensitA-levelsexams(GeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced结业证书)③orconcentrateonvocationaltrainingGNVQs(GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications国家专业资格证书):thevocationalequivalentofA-levelshighereducation①onlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity:theUniversityofBuckingham②oldestuniversities:England—Oxford(12thC.)andCambridge(13thC.)Scotland:StAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeen(阿伯丁)from14thand15thcenturies③polytechnics(多科性理工学院)④OpenUniversityTheOpenUniversitywasfoundedinBritaininthe1960’sforpeoplewhomightnotgettheopportunityforhighereducationforeconomicandsocialreasons.It’sopentoeverybodyanddoesnotdemandthesameformaleducationalqualificationsastheotheruniversities.UniversitycoursesarefollowedthroughTV,radio,correspondence,videoandanetworkofstudycenters.AttheendoftheirstudiesattheOpenUniversity,successfulstudentsa