沪教牛津版八年级英语上册课件Unit 6 Grammar

教学课件

英语八年级上册沪教牛津版Module3CultureandhistoryUnit6AncientStoriesPeriod41.Tolearnthepresentperfecttensewithsince

andfor2.Tolearnthedifferencesbetween

thepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepasttenseobjectivesThepresentperfecttensewithsinceandfor1.Theyhavetriedtocaptureourcityfor

tenyears.2.Ihaven’tlaughedlikethissincemychildhood.3.I’ve

beenbusy

sinceIcameback.4.Ithasbeenraining

sincemorning.5.Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.6.Ihaven’tseenherforalongtime.HaveALkThey________tocaptureourcity____tenyears.2.I______________likethis_____mychildhood.3.I________________

Icameback.4.It___________________morning.5.We___________eachother____twentyyears.6.I____________her____alongtime.havetriedforhaven’tlaughedsince’ve

beenbusysincehasbeenraining

sincehaveknownforhaven’tseenforgoReady?1.I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept2.TheGreens_____manyplacesofinterest

sincetheycametoChina.A.willvisitB.visitedC.havevisitedD.visit以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。

当用现在完成时谈论一直持续到现在的动作或情况时，常与“for+一段时间”或“since+过去某个时间点”的时间状语连用。“for+一段时间”意为“(到现在为止)……时间”，如foralongtime,for10years等等。“since+过去某个时间点”意为“自……以来”，如sinceAugust2003,sinceyesterday,sincetwoo’clock等。一、现在完成时和“for+一段时间”连用时，要注意以下几点：瞬间动词不能与“for+一段时间”连用表示动作的连续性，应改用持续性动词。如：Hehasleftforfiveminutes.()Hehasbeenawayforfiveminutes.()瞬间动词的否定形式可以与“for+一段时间”连用，说明某个动作不发生的状态已持续了一段时间。如：Ihaven’tmethimforyears.瞬间动词表示短暂的动作，如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等；而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作，如work，stay，leave，live，learn等。瞬间动词&持续性动词二、现在完成时和“since+过去某个时间点”连用时，要注意以下几点：持续性动词与“since+过去某个时间点”连用表示持续的动作和状态。瞬间动词的否定形式与“since+过去某个时间点”连用表示某动作不发生的状态已经持续了一段时间。如：Ihavewaitedhereforyousince2o’clock.Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMarch.since后除了可跟表示过去某个时间点的名词或名词短语构成时间状语外，也可引导时间状语从句，且从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时。如：Helenhasnotbeenbacktoherprimaryschoolsincesheleft.注意：for和since不能同时使用。如：AlicehaslivedinBeijingfortwentyyearssince1993.1.少数瞬间动词可以转换为其相应的持续性动词，如：

borrow→have/haskept，

buy→have/hashad2.有些瞬间动词可以用相应的介词短语、形容词、副词或名词与be的现在完成时连用，表示状态的延续，如：瞬间动词与持续性动词的转换瞬间动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。arrivein/at→have/hasbeenin/at,join→have/hasbeenin或

have/hasbeenamemberof,die→have/hasbeendead,leave→have/hasbeenaway,begin/start→have/hasbeenon,end/finish→have/hasbeenoverHansisfromHamburginGermany.HeistalkingtoDoris.Readtheirconversationandanswerthequestions.(P87)1.WheredoesHanslive?

He____in__________.2.HowlonghasHanslivedinHamburg?

He________there__________.3.HowlonghasDorislivedinShanghai?

She_______there____________.4.WherewasDorisborn?

She_____________________.A1livesHamburghaslivedsince1996haslivedfor14yearswasborninShanghaiDorisistalkingaboutherself.ReadwhatshesaysandthendecidewhetherthefollowingsentencesareT(True)orF(False).Correctanyfalseones.(P88)1.DorishaslivedinShanghaiforfouryears.2.ShehasstudiedatNewPointJuniorHighSchoolsinceSeptember2010.3.ShehasbeenintheScienceClubsince

November2011.4.ShehasbeenintheVolleyballClubfortwomonths.A2fourteen2011

一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。简言之，如果同时考虑过去和现在，就用现在完成时。如果不考虑现在，就不用现在完成时。如：现在完成时与一般过去时nowpastfuture现在完成时一般过去时Shehasjusthadherlunch.她刚吃过午饭。(表示她现在不饿。)Shehadherlunchtwohoursago.她两小时前吃了午饭。(仅说明事实，不知道她现在饿不饿。)现在完成时通常不与表示过去时间的词语连用。如yesterday,lastweek,then,threeyearsago,in1980等。如：IhavevisitedtheBundinShanghaiyesterday/lastweek/threeyearsago/in1980.()如果与表示“到现在为止的某个/任意时间”的词语连用，如ever,before,never,yet,recently,already,lately等，通常用现在完成时。如：Ihave

never

seenthatfilm.Ihavereadthebookrecently.如果考虑的是“到现在为止”的一段时间，通常使用现在完成时。如果考虑的是一个已经过去的时间，就用一般过去时。如：Youhavehelpedmealot.你已经帮了我很多忙了。(到目前为止)Mygrandmothertookgoodcareofme.我奶奶曾悉心地照顾我。

(在她活着的时候。)havegoneleftcamehavetriedhavewonhaveleftdidn’ttakeReadthefollowingconversationbetweenthecaptainandasoldierfromthestory“TheTrojanhorse”.Completeitwiththecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.(P89)B1wentopenedboughtneverbeenhavevisitedhaveseenhavereadboughtCompletethediarybelowwiththecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.(P89)B2Review含有since或for引导的时间状语的现在完成时。现在完成时和一般过去时在含义和用法上的区别。1.I___________(work)intheschoolsinceI______(move)herein2006.2.TheSmiths_____(go)toShanghaiin2008.They_________(be)theresincethen.3.Shenzhen____(be)asmalltowninthepast,butnowit__________(become)alargemoderncity.4.I____already_______(write)thearticle.I_______(finish)ityesterday.5.—I___(see)thefilmSoYoungyesterday.—Didyou?I____________(notsee)ityet.I.用所给单词的适当形式填空。haveworkedmovedwenthavebeenwashasbecomehavewrittenfinishedsawhaven’tseen1.—_____youever_____America?—Yes,Ihave.

A.Have…gonetoB.Have…gonein

C.Have…beento

D.Have…beenin

2.Mybrother____collegeforoverthreeyears.

A.hasgoneto

B.hasbeento

C.hasbeenin

D.hasbeenatII.单项选择。3.—____you_____thetextyet?—Yes,we____ittwohoursago.

A.Did…copy…did

B.Have…copied…haveC.Have…copied…didD.Did…copy…had

4.“Why______she_______angry?”“Becausehe_____atherjustnow.”

A.did…get…shouted

B.has…got…shouted

C.did…get…hasshouted