中考名词复习

中考复习方案英语分册clockclotheseggricebiketreesandflowersschoolwomanteacher专题--名词第一章名词一、中考考查重点可数名词与不可数名词名词的单数与复数名词所有格单位词名词作定语e.g

adropofwater考点揭密1.掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词和专有名词；2.掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成方法及用法；

3.能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：family,home,house,work,job等.4.理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；5.主谓一致的用法。

概念1.表示一类人或事物个体的名词叫个体名词：book，eraser，house，chair，student，waiter２．表示由若干个个体组合成的集合体的名词称为集体名词:class，family，group，team３．物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物的名词:milk，water，coffee，tea４．抽象名词表示状态＼品质＼感情等抽象概念的名词:happiness，love，knowledge，information，advice名词专有名词:theGreatWall,Janpanese,America,BeijingUniversity,Tuesday,March,Amy普通名词

可数名词个体名词：banana,worker,notebook,desk,city,book,umbrella集体名词：class,family,group,team,people,police不可数名词物质名词：water,wood,metal,silk,steelmilk,meat抽象名词：information,pleasure,noise,room,love,knowledge,advice,money可数名词

单数名词:a+（形容词）+单数单数

单数名词：an+（形容词）+单数复数规则名词的复数形式词不规则名词的复数形式treehouseexercisestudentparkmaptrees

houses

exercises

students

parks

maps

busboxbrushwatchdishstomachbuses

boxes

brushes

watches

dishes

1.一般情况在词尾直接加s2.以s，x，sh，ch结尾的，在词尾加esstomachs

thiefwifeleafwolfshelfknifehalfroof3.以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v，再加esthieveswives

roofs

leaveswolves

shelves

knives

halvesstorypartybabydictionaryfamilycountrydaystories

parties

babies

dictionaries

families

countries

4.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加esdays

photozooradiopianopotatotomatoherobamboo5.以o结尾的词，有生命力的加es,没有生命力的加sphotos

zoos

radios

pianos

potatoes

tomatoes

heroes

bamboos

6.不规则变化foottoothmanwomanchildmousesheepJapanesefeetmenwomenchildren

micesheepJapaneseteeth名词特点词尾加法词尾读音方法例词一般情况加s清辅音后/s/.元及浊辅后/z/desks

appleserasersoranges以s/x/ch/sh结尾加ｅs/iz/boxesglasseswatches以“辅音+y”结尾变y为i再加es/iz/familiesbabies以“-o”结尾有生命的加es无生命的加s/z/potatoes

zoostomatoesphotos以“f/fe”结尾变f/fe为v再加es/vz/kniveswivesleavesthieves读法不规则变化词本身发生特殊变化：单复同形：（1）man改成men:

manmen,womanwomen gentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemen

gentleman----gentlemen(绅士）(2)oo改成ee:footfeet，toothteeth goosegeese(3)其它：mousemice，childchildrensheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanesefish-------fish3.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况单复数相同：aJapanese----fiveJapaneseaChinese----twoChinese将man变为men:aFrenchman---twoFrenchmenEnglishman---EnglishmenEnglishwoman---Englishwomen,Dutchman---Dutchmen以an结尾的名词，在后面+s:aGerman-----fiveGermansRussian---RussiansAmerican---AmericansIndian----IndiansItalian---ItaliansKorean-----KoreansAustralian—AustraliansCanadian----Canadians)

4.常以复数形式出现的名词trousersglassesshortspantssocksphysicsgoods货物newsclotheswoods森林thanksfireworks烟花scissors

5.复合名词的复数形式a.将主体名词变为复数grow-up---------grow-ups成人aboystudent---boystudents男学生aflowershop--flowershops花店anappletree----appletrees苹果树girlstudent-----girlstudents女学生twinsister------twinsisters双胞姐妹stonebridge-----stonebridges石头桥b.当名词的第一个构成部分为man或woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数awomanteacher-------

twowomenteachersamannurse----twomennursesamanteacher--------somementeachersawomandoctor-----threewomendoctors

不可数名词的特点

(1)只有单数形式，一般没有复数形式。（２）不与不定冠词a/an搭配（３）表示数量时与量词搭配．Eg:aboxofmilk/apieceofnews（４）与修饰词much/alittle/abitof/agreatdealof搭配（5）问不可数名词的数时用Howmuch,但问不可数名词前的量词时则用howmany+量词＋of+不可数名词…?

如：*Mymotherbuystwokilosofmeateveryday.Howmuchmeatdoesyourmotherbuyeveryday?*Mymotherbuystwokilosofmeateveryday.Howmanykilosofmeatdoesyourmotherbuyeveryday?

既可做可数名词，又做不可数名词的：可数名词不可数名词

apaper

paper纸aglassglass玻璃anironiron铁aroomroom空间achickenchicken鸡肉aworkwork工作ayouthyouth青春afishfish鱼肉一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个作品一个青年一条鱼

如何表示不可数名词的量1.表示不可数名词的数量时，通过可数的词来表示其量,表示结构为“数词+表量的名词+of+不可数名词”。如：apieceofbread-----twopiecesofbread,abagofrice------------threebagsofriceabottleofink---------fivebottlesofinkapieceofnews-----fourpiecesofnewsapieceofadvice,ablockofice,apieceofwork,acupofteaabasketoffood,adropofwateraboxofmilk--------twoboxesofmilk

如：Apieceofmeatisonthetable.Twopiecesofmeatareonthetable.2.可用不定量的词来表示量：

muchmoney,somerice,alittlewater,abitofmilk,somepaper,agreatdealofwater,allthework,littletime,lotsofmoney,alotoftime1．—HowcanIgetsome____aboutthe2016OlympicGames?—WhynotsearchtheInternet？(2015，安徽)A．informationB．experienceC．practiceD．success2．The____ofteneatgrassonthehill.(2014，随州)A．chickenB．horseC．cowD．sheepAD3．Therearelotsof____thatstudentshavetofollowinschool.(2015，江西)A．exercisesB．problemsC．skillsD．rules4．Healthisimportantforusteenagers，soweshouldeatmorevegetablessuchas____tokeephealthy.(2015，哈尔滨)A．tomatoesandpotatoesB．tomatosandpotatosC．tomatosandpotatoesDA考点三名词所有格1．名词所有格主要用来表示人或物的所有或所属关系。下面是它的构成方法：单词形式构成方法例子普通单数名词在词尾直接加'smyfather'sfriend我父亲的朋友词尾已有­s的复数名词在词尾只加'students'rooms学生们的房间词尾不带­s的复数名词在词尾直接加'sChildren'sDay儿童节表示几个词共有的所有关系在最后一个词的词尾加'sJaneandMary'sroom简和玛丽的房间表示几个词各自的所有关系在每个词的词尾加'sJane'sandMary'srooms简和玛丽各自的房间表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等在词尾加's，省略其后名词atmyuncle's在我叔叔家2.名词所有格有时可以表示地点。eg：atthedoctor's(在诊所)gotoGrandpaLiu's(去刘爷爷家)3．“of＋名词所有格”这种形式被称为名词的双重所有格，常用来表示整体中的一部分。eg：afriendofmyuncle's(我叔叔的一位朋友)1．Theonlineshopsells____clothingataverygoodprice.(2015，盐城)A．childandman'sB．childrenandmen'sC．children'sandmen'sD．children'sandmen2．Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour，thestudentstook____rest.(2015，石家庄)A．afewminute'sB．afewminutes'C．fewminutes'D．fewminute'sCB3．Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikein____time？(2015，阜康)A．20years'B．20year'sC．20­years'D．20­year4．____fatherscan'tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegoneonbusiness.(2014，威海)A．JackandMike'sB．Jack'sandMike'sC．JackandMikeD．Jack'sandMikeAB5．Blackisafriendof____．A.Mary'smother'sB．Mary'smotherC.mother'sofMaryD．Marymother'sA6．I'msohungry.Pleasegiveme____toeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsD．threepieceofbread7．—Whose____arethese?—IthinktheyareJohn's.(2015，永州)A.key

B．keies

C．keysCB8．—I'mtoldyourclasshas3newcomers.—Yes.Oneisa____，theothertwoare________．(2015，南充)A．Japan，GermanyB．Japanese，GermanC．Japanese，GermansD．Japanese，Germen9．Allthe____teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.A．manB．menC．womanD．womenCD10．—Who'sthatgirloverthere?—Julia，sheisastudentof____．A．myfathersB．myfatherC．myfathersD．myfather's11．It'sdifficulttohearyour____becausethe________oftrafficistoohigh.A．voice，noiseB．sound，voiceC．noise，soundD．noise，voiceDA12．—Billisill.Doyouknowwhat'swrongwithhim?—Poorboy.Hisillnessisthe____ofeatingbadfood.A．causeB．resultC．reasonD．end13．—Canyoutellmewhotheoldwomanoverthereunderthebigtreeis?—Oh，she's____grandmother.A．TomandMike'sB．Tom'sandMike'sC．Tom'sandMikeD．TomandMikeBA14．I'dlike____．I'mthirsty.Whataboutyou？(2014，石家庄)A．twobottlesoforangesB．twobottlesoforangeC．twobottleoforangesD．twobottleoforange15．Youcanfindmany____aboutthefamousfilmstarontheInternet.(2015，内江)A．newsB．picturesC．ticketsD．informationBB1.March8this_________Day.A.Woman'sB.Women'sC.Womans'D.Women2.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few3.Therearethree_________inourclass.A.Zhou'sB.ZhousC.Zhous'D.Zhous's4.It'saboutten_________walk.A.minute'sB.minutes'C.minuteD.minutes5.Thisroomis_________.A.BillandDavid'sB.Bill'sandDavid'sC.BillsandDavid'sD.BillandDavid课时训练(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)6.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful_________inChina.A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities7.Wouldyoulike_________?A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat8.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks9.Tom'scarismorebeautifulthan_________.A.hisbrother'sandsisterB.hisbrotherandsisterC.hisbrothersandsistersD.hisbrother'sandsister's10.“NightingalPrize”isfor_________.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurses课时训练BACDD11.Themarketisn’tfarfromhere.It’sonly____bicycleride.A.halfanhours’B.halfanhour’sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf12.-----helpyourselfto_______.---------Thanks.Mum…ittastesgood.A.somechickensB.achickenC.somechickenD.anychicken13.—What_____doyoulikebest?—I