基本句型与翻译

汉语基本句型的翻译英语的基本句型SV(intransitiveverb)

Ironrusts.SVC(linkingverb)

Themanisateacher.SVO(monotransitiveverb)

Liverpoolwonthegame.SVoO(ditransitiveverb)

Isenthimatelegram.SVOC(complextransitiveverb)

Theyelectedhimpresident.

（陈宏薇p151“八种”）1.主谓单句

1.防止主语机械对应南京近几年发生了巨大变化。Therehavebeengreatchanges…

Greatchangeshavetakenplace…

Theseyearshavewitnessed(seen)greatchanges…

Nanjinghasbeencracklingwiththedynamicsofchanges…这个地区多雨。Itrainsalotinthisarea.

Peoplehavemuchraininthisarea.

Thisareaseesmuchrain.

Thereismuchraininthisarea.主谓单句防止谓语机械对应你们要搞调查研究。Youshoulddosomeinvestigationandstudy.别搞那么多菜了。Don’tcooksomanydishes.这家企业是由一个个体户搞起来的。Thisenterprisewasstartedbyaself-employedworker.

你们把事情搞糟了。Youhavemadeamessofthings.他思想搞通了，精神也愉快了。Oncehestraightenedouthisideas,hebecamecheerfulagain.

你搞什么鬼？Whattricksareyouplaying?他身体搞垮了。Hehasruinedhishealth.他是搞法律的。Heisinthelaw.2.无主句汉语祈使句请打开窗户！你的车票！无主句汉语含有号召、要求、规定等意味为建设一个社会主义强国而奋斗。Strivetobuildagreatsocialistcountry.军校每天夜里都要有一名军官值班。Theremustbeoneofficeronnightdutyinmilitaryacademy.要警惕“右”和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。Itisnecessary/important/imperativetobeonguardagainsttheinfluenceofboththeRightandtheLeftdeviations,particularlyagainstthedeep-rooted“Left”influence.无主句汉语是叙事或论理认识落后，才能去改变落后。学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。Backwardnessmustbeperceivedbeforeitcanbechanged.Apersonmustlearnfromtheadvancedbeforehecancatchupandsurpassthem.(Onlywhen…canhe)不入虎穴，焉得虎子？Ifonedoesnotenterthetiger’sden,howcanhegetatiger’scub?学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Isitnotapleasureafteralltopracticeinduetimewhatonehaslearnt?Isitnotadelightafteralltohavefriendscomefromafar?无主句上文出现过的或出现在对话中的人和物。年景不好，柴米又贵；几件旧衣服和旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了；只靠着我替人家做些针线活寻来的钱，如何供得起你读书？----《儒林外史》Timesarehard,andfuelandriceareexpensive.Ouroldclothesantourfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.WehavenothingtoliveonbutwhatImakebymysewing.HowcanIpayforyourschooling?无主句惯用法剩下的时间不多了。Thereisverylittletimeleft.

没有不透风的墙。Wallshaveears.

给了他两天时间做些必要的准备。Twodayswereallowedhimformakingthenecessarypreparations.3.流水句在中国要是没有自行车，生活是难以想象的，可是没有多少年以前，人们还把自行车看成奢侈品，很多人都买不起，再说，自行车也供不应求呀。ItishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeinChinawithoutthebicycle.Yetitwasn’tsomanyyearsagothatabicyclewasconsideredaluxury,beyondthereachofmanypeople.Moreoveritwasinshortsupply.不一会，北风小了。路上浮沉早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。Presentlythewinddroppedalittle.Bynowtheloosedusthadallbeenblownaway,leavingtheroadwaycleanandtherickshawmanquickenedhispace.4.主题句（外位结构）能不能尽快地把科学技术搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义建设的全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。Whetherscienceandtechnologycanbepushedforwardasquicklyaspossibleisaquestionofvitalimportanceforsocialistconstructionasawholeandforthedestinyandfutureofourcountry.灾难深重的中华民族，一百年来，其优秀人物奋斗牺牲，前赴后继，摸索救国救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。Forahundredyears,thefinestsonsanddaughtersofthedisaster—riddenChinesenationfoughtandsacrificedtheirlives,onesteppingintothebreachasanotherfell,inguestofthetruththatwouldsavethecountryandthepeople.Thismovedustosongandtears.5.连动句

他到了车站发现火车已经开走了。Arrivingatthestation,shefoundthatthetrainhadleft.看到这种情况，他们开始跳舞，他们跳呀，跳呀，一直跳了个通宵。Whentheysawthis,theybegantodance.Andtheydancedanddancedallnight.从那以后，他就像戴上了笼头，成年累月地给地主当牛做马，过了一年又一年，身上的债越背越重，眼前的路越走越艰难。Wearilyheplodded,dayinanddayout,abeastofburden,onatrackbesetwithmoreandmoredifficulties,withhisdebtallthewhilegrowingheavierandheavier.6.兼语句

（1）把第二个动词译为英语的宾语补足语我们迫切需要钱购买我们需要的机器。Wewantedmoneybadlytobuythemachinesweneeded.要身体健康，就必须使房子保持整洁。Ifyouwanttobehealthy,youmustkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.我们将随时让你知道情况。we’llkeepyouinformed.我们真诚的祝你们成功。wecordiallywishyousuccess.老师让他的学生都进来。Theteacheraskedherstudentsin.我觉得高塔在摇动。Ifeltthehightowershaking.（2）第一个动词如含有“责怪”、“批评”、“埋怨”、“赞扬”等意味他责备儿子总是迟迟不回家。Shereproachedhersonforoftenstayingoutverylate.老师表扬他乐于助人。Theteacherpraisesherbecausesheisalwaysreadytohelp.他们谴责他的和平努力是背叛。Theycondemnedhispeaceeffortsasbetrayal.（3）第一个动词是“使、令、叫”等词他的话令大家十分惊讶。Hiswordsastonishedall.日军的暴行使全世界公众舆论感到震惊。TheJapanesesoldiers’atrocityshockedtheworldopinion.（4）兼语结构出现在主语中他支持外国军队占领伊拉克使得世界人民更加反对他的政府。Hissupportforforeigntroop’soccupationofIraqhasturnedtheworldpeopleagainsthisgovernmentallthemore.7.意合句最近二三十年来，科学技术日新月异的发展，专业化的分工更细，协作的规模更大。Inthelast20or30years,worldscienceandtechnologyhavemadenewheadwaydaybyday,resultinginamoreminutedivisionoflabouronthebasisofspecializationandinmoreextensiveco-operation.桂林山水甲天下，阳朔山水甲桂林。Guilin’smountainsandwatersrankfirstinChinawhileYangshuo’seventopthoseofGuilin.修身、齐家、治国、平天下。Cultivateindividualmoralcharacter,runthefamilyinunison,managethenationinorderandpeacewillprevailthroughouttheuniverse.8.主、次信息句这位民族英雄没有死，他的故事照亮了千百万人的心。Thisnationalherolive