高一英语必修一Unit4知识点详尽解析

Unit4Earthquake

rise[raiz]和raise[reiz]的区别

Rise(vi):日月，物价，烟，温度，河水及人的职位上升，或起床，起身，没有被动语态rise-rose-risenRaise(vt):举起，提出，饲养，种植，募集（财物）raise-raised-raisedrise(rise、rose、risen)

vi.1，(指日月星辰烟等的)升起，水位价格温度的上升=goup;起身=getup，2.增加增长起伏=increase2.raise

vt.抬高提高养育饲养（有被动）1.Thesunrisesintheeast.3.Hisjobisraisingchickens.

4.They_____theirarmsandwavedtouswithjoy.AroseBraisedB2Hertemperatureisstill________.rising5.Herosefromhischairandbeganhisspeech.6.Therehasbeenasharpriseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.把翻译下列句子译为中文2.smellyadj.发臭的，有臭味的

smelly是由名词smell加后缀-y而构成的形容词，英语中有许多派生词体现了这一原则：GuessingGame

blood→y=bloody

血腥的cloud→y=cloudy多云的rain→rainy

下雨的wind→windy

多风的

3.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhe

pigswere

toonervoustoeat.too....to....

太....而不能1,Shewastoopoortogotocollege.

2,Iloveyoutoomuchtoleaveyouforaminute.“too…to…”结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……”“十分…”“实在……””真是太……”等Iamonlytoohappytoteachyou.我非常高兴教你们。Heisbuttoogladtodoso他非常喜欢这样做Youcanneverbetoooldtoenjoyasong.我们绝对不会老得不能享受歌曲带来的欢乐4,mice是mouse(老鼠)的复数形式.5.…thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedand_____.burstburst可以作动词，意为：使爆炸;使破裂；突然发生，突然出现。常构成短语burstintosth.或burstoutdoingsth.，表示“突然开始（做某事）”，如：burstintotears=burstoutcrying（表示“突然哭起来”）。也可以作名词，意为：爆炸。例如：burstout+v-ing:suddenlybegindoingsth扩展:burstintoleafbursintoflower长出叶子开花n.aburstof...一阵...

aburstoflaughter/thunder/applause(欢呼）1.Thedamburstafterheavyrains.2.Inthegame,childrentrytoburst

balloonsbysittingonthem.3.Joandidn’tsayanythingatfirstandthensheburstoutcrying.[即学即练]根据burst的用法，完成下列句子。1.Everyoneintheroomburstout_________(laugh).2.Shefoundtherewere________(burst)inthewellwalls.laughingbursts6.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.thinklittleoftheseevents对这些情况几乎没有怎么去考虑、没当一回事thinklittleofthinknothingofthinkbadly/poorly/illofthinkwell/much/highly/alot/agreatdealof

对……看法不好，评价很低不重视，忽视认为没什么对……重视/高度评价thinkof想起，考虑1.校长对你的进步评价很高。Theheadmasterthoughthighlyofyourprogress.eg.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.[考点]定语从句中引导词who的用法。[考例]Women____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose____don’t.(北京2006)A.who;不填 B.不填;whoC.who;who D.不填;不填now,Let'sreview!

TheendofthefirstparagraphBrightlightsflashintheskyAnimalsaretoonervous,suchascows,dogs,horses,andsnakes,etc.MiceranoutofthefieldsFishjumpedoutofbowlsandponds.Therewerecracksonthewells.Thewaterinthewellroseandfell.TheSecondParagraph7.Itseemedasiftheworld…1)asif似乎，好像=asthough

Shespoketomeasifsheknewme.她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。2)asif在表语从句中相当于that:

Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.看起来会议没完没了。本文中asif的用法就是第二种。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!=Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend!8,Itseemedthattheworldwas________.atanendCompare:

attheendofbytheendofintheend辨析：atanend:表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连用intheend:表示“最终，终于”，单独使用作状语attheendof:表示“在…的尽头/末尾”bytheendof:到…末为止，常与完成时态连用1).atanend:表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连用。eg:战争结束了。Thewarwasatanend.=Thewarcametoanend.2).intheend:表示“最终，终于”，单独使用作状语。eg:最终他们放弃了那项计划。Theygaveuptheplanintheend.(atlast)3).attheendof:表示“在…的尽头/末尾”eg:今年年底，我父亲要回家。Myfatherwillcomehomeattheendofthisyear.Heisattheendofhispatience.

他已经忍耐到极限了。4).bytheendof:到…末为止，常与完成时态连用。bytheendoflast…用于过去完成时bytheendofnext…用于将来完成时eg:到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。Bytheendoflastmonth,hehadbeenonthatshipfortwoyears.到下学期末为止，我将学会3000多个英语单词。Iwillhavelearnedmorethan3000Englishwordsbytheendofnextterm.8．分数的表达：四分之一三分之二二又五分之三one/afourthtwothirds

twoandthreefifths分子用基数词,分母用序数词.分子大于一时,分母用复数。当做主语时注意谓语的单复数Twothirdsofthestudents____fromthecountryside.Halfofthework____beendone.Onethirdoftheapple___bittenbymice.arehaswas请根据提示完成下列句子。1.________(三分之一)ofthestudentsinourclass____(be)girls.2.__________(五分之三)ofthesoil__________(wash)awaybythefloodlastnight.3.______(一半)ofthedesksinthisschool________(make)inhiscompany.4.______(大部分的)ofthelecturehemadeyesterday______(be)interesting.One-thirdareThree-fifthswaswashedHalfaremadeMostwas5._________________(数万)people_____________(dance)inthebigsquarenow.6.Therewere____________(一万)studentstakingpartintheexamyesterday.7._________________(百分之九十)ofthemountain__________(cover)bytrees.iscoveredTensofthousandsofaredancingtenthousand90%/90percent.概数的一些表达：TensofthousandsofHundredsandhundredsofThousandsofMillionsofDozensof数以万计的成百上千的数千的数百万的许多，大量1.90%2.10,0003.10,000,0004.150,0005.75%6.1/37.500,0008.2/3ninetypercenttenthousandtenmilliononehundredandfiftythousandseventy-fivepercentone-thirdhalfamilliontwo-thirds英语数字的翻译

killtwobirdswithonestoneAfallintothepit,againinyourwit.atsixesandsevensbyonesandtwosTwoheadsarebetterthanone.

Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.

I'llloveyouthreescoreandten.SheisasecondLeiFeng.一箭双雕

吃一堑，长一智。

乱七八糟

三三两两三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。

人各有所好。

我会一辈子爱你的。

她是雷锋式的人物。

9.

Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。

lie(laylain)处于某种状态;躺，平躺，平卧平放1.Thewholefactoryhaslainwasteformanyyears.整个工厂多年来一直荒芜在那里。2.Heletthefarmgotoruin.他让农场败落了。gotoruin=fallintoruin衰落,败落inruins荒芜的,成为废墟,一般用作表语或状语Anearthquakeleftthewholetowninruins.Hiscareerisinruins.lie/beinruins成为废墟Thecity______________(成为废墟）afterthewar.lay/wasinruins口诀:规则的“撒谎”，不规则的“躺”，躺过就“下蛋”。(lie当“说谎”用，它的过去式和过去分词都为lied，而当“躺”用时，它的过去式为“下蛋”即lay)中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放置产卵laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺;位于lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词TheEndoftheSecondParagraphHowmanyNatureDisasters

doyouknow?typhoon

tornado,hurricaneseismicseawave/tsunamidroughtfloodvolcaniceruptionsandstormthunderstormThecitylayinruins.破败不堪Thebuildingsfelldown.倒塌Agreatnumberofpeoplelosttheirhomes.许多，大量Roadsmightcrack.

开裂TheThirdParagraph10，destory.vt毁坏Compare:ruin;destroy;damage①damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与tosomething连用。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.②destroy只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。Theearthquakedestroyedalmostthewholetown.③ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作

“使毁灭”、

“使崩溃”、“弄糟”解;用作名词时,它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。Thefireruinedthecastle.Thehousehasfallenintoruin.Thecompanyisfacingruin.11，shock震惊的用法People__________(shock).我们对这个消息感到震惊。wereshockedWe__________________thenews.wereshockedatThenewsis___________(shock)shocking表示情感的动词excite,surprise,interest,bore,move,shock,disappoint,satisfy,(惊讶，兴趣，乏味，感动，失望，满意）变为形容词时可加ing(指物）或加ed(指人）[即学即练]根据括号内的提示完成句子。1.Thenewsofhismother’sdeath____________________（使他非常震惊）.2.She______________（因休克死亡）followinganoperationonherbrain.3.Whatreally___________（让我震惊的）wasthatnooneseemedtocareaboutthat.4.______________（我们很吃惊）tohearabouthisleaving.wasaterribleshocktohimdiedofshock shockedmeWewereshocked12.rescue

n.搭救；解救;营救Therescueteamreachedtheminesatonceaftertheaccidenthappened.v.解救；救出；营救Herescuedthemanfromdrowning.rescueworkers=e/gotoone’srescue来援救某人We________________（来救他）andpulledhimoutofthelake.cametohisrescue13traptrap(n)陷阱，捕捉器，圈套Eg1:Tomlikessettingtraps.Eg2:Iknewshesetatrap

togetthisjob.trap(vt)设陷阱捕捉，困住Eg4:Thebearwastrapped.trapsbinto…使某人落入圈套或陷入困境Eg5:ThepolicetrappedhimintoaconfessionTheEndoftheThirdParagraphWenchuanEarthquakeCanyoudescribehowterribletheearthquakewas?2008.5.12Thebuildingsfelldown.倒塌TheFourthParagraph15.Allhopewasnotlost.[考点]all...not=notall...意为“并不都……”，是部分否定。当all,both及every的合成词与not连用时，表示部分否定；完全否定要用no,never,nowhere,none,neither,nothing,nobody等。both,each,every与not连用也都表示部分否定：Noteverystudentpassedtheexam.不是每个学生都通过了考试。Boththeanswersarenotright.不是两个答案都对。改为全部否定为：Noneofthestudentspassedtheexam.Neitheroftheanswersisright.16.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.digout挖掘；发现bury:A.toplaceinthegroundB.tooccupy(oneself)withdeepconcentration;absorba.这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。b.本句的结构是：主语（Thearmy）+谓语（organized）+宾语（teams）+目的状语（todigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead）。c.whoweretrapped是定语从句，修饰先行词those。d.and连接两个不定式短语作目的状语。16.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.[考点]whose意为“……的”，在定语从句中作关系代词，后接名词。当前面的先行词与后面的名词构成所属关系时，就用关系代词whose。其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。[考例]Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(天津2005)A.that B.whoseC.those D.what[点拨]因from前是逗号，可判断出后面是一个定语从句，排除those；从句部分与先行词之间的关系为：thepeoplearestillsufferingfromtheeffectsofthefloods，whose指代ofthefloods,在句中作定语，故此题选B。17.buryvt.埋葬;葬

Theboyburiedthedeadbirdinthebackyard.男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。vt.使沉浸（或专心于）

beburiedin…=buryoneselfin…埋头于;专心于beburiedinthought沉思buryoneselfinstudy埋头研究；专心学习

19.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000peoplewererescuedfromthecoalmines.Tothenorthofrescuedto/on/inJapanis_____theeastofChina.Taiwanis_____thesoutheastofChina.3.Mongoliais_____thenorthofChina.toinon/to22.表示许多的短语及用法只接可数名词的有：alarge/greatnumberofagood/greatmanyagood/greatmanyofthe/these/those/one’s只接不可数名词的有：agreatdealofalargeamountof既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词的有：alotoflotsof